Hyland
Biographic Data
| ID | 45226 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Hyland |
| FAMILY NAME | Hyland |
| SIGNATURE | HYLAND |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of St Andrews |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9728-5289 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 70 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 22 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1997 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
A New Naming Convention for Andean Khipus
Since the 1970s, hundreds of khipus-Andean knotted-string recording devices-have been named after academic researchers. This practice disassociates individual khipus from their places of origin and reifies scientific inequity. Here, a new convention of the form KH#### (e.g., KH0125) is proposed, which we believe represents a more neutral, direct, and accurate nomenclature. The change is implemented in the Open Khipu Repository (OKR), the largest …
Style and Rebus in an Emergent Script from Bolivia: The Koati Variant of Andean Pictographic Writing
Andean pictographic writing, once considered the creation of foreign missionaries, is now recognized as a series of locally developed scripts that emerged after contact with alphabetic writing. However, the role of stylistic variation within the Andean pictographic scripts is little understood, nor has the rebus-based glottography of the system’s phonetic signs been fully studied. This article examines the Koati variant of Andean pictographic scr…
Festival Threads: Khipu Calendars and Mercedarian Missions in Rapaz, Peru (c. 1565–1825)
The introduction of the Christian calendar into Spanish American missionary zones often led to novel forms of calendrical record-keeping as pre-Christian methods of time-keeping were adapted to the Christian festival cycle. Yet while indigenous Christian calendars for Mesoamerica have been well studied, their Andean counterparts remain virtually unknown. This article examines a set of khipus (Andean cord texts) from highland Peru that, according …
Khipus, Khipu Boards, and Sacred Texts: Toward a Philology of Andean Knotted Cords
Although the knotted cord texts known as khipus have been created in the Andes for over a millennium (ca. AD 950–1950), their historical philology has been little understood. This study, based on original archival and ethnographic research, analyzes hybrid khipu/alphabetic texts known as “khipu boards,” examining their development in colonial Peru, and their role in twentieth-century Andean rituals. Particular attention is paid to a previously un…
Indigenous Record Keeping and Hacienda Culture in the Andes: Modern Khipu Accounting on the Island of the Sun, Bolivia
How did khipus-knotted cords that encode information-function within the economic systems of the postcolonial Andes? Best known as the method by which the Incas recorded administrative data, khipu use continued into the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Few studies of modern khipus, however, have analyzed how khipu cords were integrated with the institutions of the modern state, such as the hacienda. This article examines a set of modern khipus…
Escritura en quechua y sociedad serrana en transformación: Perú, 1920-1960
Book Review| February 01 2021 Escritura en quechua y sociedad serrana en transformación: Perú, 1920–1960 Escritura en quechua y sociedad serrana en transformación: Perú, 1920–1960. By Durston, Alan. Serie Lengua y Sociedad. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, 2019. Tables. Notes. Bibliography. 132 pp. Paper, PEN$10.50. Sabine Hyland Sabine Hyland University of St Andrews Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Hispanic Americ…
Subject Indicators and the Decipherment of Genre on Andean Khipus
This article analyzes how khipus , Andean knotted cords for communication, indicated their subject matter. Spanish chroniclers attested to the existence of different genres of khipus; however, scholars have not known how or if khipus indicated the genre of data they stored. Ethnographic testimony reveals that needlework bundles— kaytes —attached to primary cords served as subject indicators. This article surveys post-Inka kaytes, examining one fr…
The Protectors of Indians in the Royal Audience of Lima: History, Careers and Legal Culture. 1575–1775, written by Mauricio Novoa
At Home with the Sapa Inca: Architecture, Space, and Legacy at Chinchero
For all the attention that has been paid to the magnificent Inca site of Machu Picchu, we know surprisingly little about the intimate landscapes where life took place within Inca royal estates. Insightful, evocative, and thoroughly researched, Stella Nair's new book explores the distinctive architectural spaces and structures of the royal Inca palace at Chinchero, Peru. Constructed for the Inca emperor Topa Inca Yupanqui as a retreat for himself,…
Writing with Twisted Cords: The Inscriptive Capacity of AndeanKhipus
Two newly discovered khipu (Andean twisted cord) epistles are presented as evidence that khipus could constitute an intelligible writing system, accessible to decipherment. Recent scholars have asserted that khipus were merely memory aides recording only numbers, despite Spanish witnesses who claimed that Inka era (1400 - 1532 CE) khipus encoded narratives and were sent as letters. In 2015, the author examined two khipus preserved by village auth…
How khipus indicated labour contributions in an Andean village: An explanation of colour banding, seriation and ethnocategories
New archival and ethnographic evidence reveals that Inka style khipus were used in the Andean community of Santiago de Anchucaya to record contributions to communal labour obligations until the 1940s. Archival testimony from the last khipu specialist in Anchucaya, supplemented by interviews with his grandson, provides the first known expert explanation for how goods, labour obligations, and social groups were indicated on Inka style Andean khipus…
Jesuit Accounts of the Colonial Americas: Intercultural Transfers, Intellectual Disputes, and Textualities
Jesuit Accounts of the Colonial Americas: Intercultural Transfers, Intellectual Disputes, and Textualities. Marc André Bernier, Clorinda Donato, and Hans-Jürgen Lüsebrink, eds. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014. x + 464 pp. $80. - Volume 68 Issue 4
Knot Direction in a Khipu/Alphabetic Text from the Central Andes
Khipus are knotted-string devices that were used in the Inka Empire for communication and for recording information. We recently analyzed the names and associated khipu cords in a newly discovered hybrid khipul alphabetic text from the Central Andes. Results indicate a significant relationship in the text between knot direction and a form of social organization known as moieties, in which S-knots correspond to the upper (Hanan) moiety and Z-knots…
Ply, Markedness, and Redundancy: New Evidence for How Andean Khipus Encoded Information
Khipus are knotted-cord devices once used in the Andes for communication and recording information. Although numbers can be read on many khipus, it is unknown how other forms of data may have been recorded on the strings. Scholars currently debate whether elements of cord construction, such as the direction of ply, signified meaning on khipus and, if so, how. Testimony from an Aymara-speaking khipu maker, collected in 1895 by Max Uhle and recover…
Of Summits and Sacriflce: An Ethnohistoric Study of Inka Religious Practices
Book Review| October 01 2011 Of Summits and Sacriflce: An Ethnohistoric Study of Inka Religious Practices Of Summits and Sacriflce: An Ethnohistoric Study of Inka Religious Practices. By Besom, Thomas. (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2009. xii + 230 pp., prologue, maps, illustrations, glossary, bibliography, index. $60.00 cloth.) Sabine Hyland Sabine Hyland Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Ethnohistory (2011) 58 (4):…
Sodomy, Sin, and String Writing: The Moral Origins of AndeanKhipu
According to the anonymous seventeenth-century author of the Quito Manuscript, ancient Andeans once possessed a writing system (qillqa) that they replaced with knotted strings (khipu) as part of the religious and sexual reform of their nation. The manuscript's redactor, Fernando de Montesinos, added to the text his own speculations about Andean writing, which he linked to the Tree of Good and Evil in the Garden of Eden. For both of these authors,…
Guest Editors' Introduction
Salomon and Hyland edited the special issue - Graphic Pluralism: Native American Systems of inscription and the Colonial Situation
Adivinación Y Oráculos En El Mundo Andino Antiguo
Book Review| July 01 2009 Adivinación Y Oráculos En El Mundo Andino Antiguo Edited by Marco Curatola Petrocchi and Mariusz S. Ziolkowski. (Lima: Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú and El Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, 2008. 310 pp., editors' introduction. Paperback.) Sabine Hyland Sabine Hyland Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Ethnohistory (2009) 56 (3): 546–547. https://doi.org/10.121…
The Jesuit and the Incas
Peer Reviewed
Communication
October 1, 2005To the Editors:I have given careful attention to the letter from Professor Sabine Hyland, and I would like to respond briefly. I reaffirm that the reasons for Blas Valera’s imprisonment are not clear. Of the documents available in the Inquisition of Lima section of the Archivo Histórico Nacional in Madrid, neither the letters from the Jesuits published by Antonio Egaña in Monumenta peruana, nor the letter from father Lucio Garcete …
The Jesuit and the Incas
Daily Life in the Inca Empire
How khipus indicated labour contributions in an Andean village: An explanation of colour banding, seriation and ethnocategories
New archival and ethnographic evidence reveals that Inka style khipus were used in the Andean community of Santiago de Anchucaya to record contributions to communal labour obligations until the 1940s. Archival testimony from the last khipu specialist in Anchucaya, supplemented by interviews with his grandson, provides the first known expert explanation for how goods, labour obligations, and social groups were indicated on Inka style Andean khipus…
Knot Direction in a Khipu/Alphabetic Text from the Central Andes
Khipus are knotted-string devices that were used in the Inka Empire for communication and for recording information. We recently analyzed the names and associated khipu cords in a newly discovered hybrid khipul alphabetic text from the Central Andes. Results indicate a significant relationship in the text between knot direction and a form of social organization known as moieties, in which S-knots correspond to the upper (Hanan) moiety and Z-knots…
Writing with Twisted Cords: The Inscriptive Capacity of AndeanKhipus
Two newly discovered khipu (Andean twisted cord) epistles are presented as evidence that khipus could constitute an intelligible writing system, accessible to decipherment. Recent scholars have asserted that khipus were merely memory aides recording only numbers, despite Spanish witnesses who claimed that Inka era (1400 - 1532 CE) khipus encoded narratives and were sent as letters. In 2015, the author examined two khipus preserved by village auth…
Guest Editors' Introduction
Salomon and Hyland edited the special issue - Graphic Pluralism: Native American Systems of inscription and the Colonial Situation
Ply, Markedness, and Redundancy: New Evidence for How Andean Khipus Encoded Information
Khipus are knotted-cord devices once used in the Andes for communication and recording information. Although numbers can be read on many khipus, it is unknown how other forms of data may have been recorded on the strings. Scholars currently debate whether elements of cord construction, such as the direction of ply, signified meaning on khipus and, if so, how. Testimony from an Aymara-speaking khipu maker, collected in 1895 by Max Uhle and recover…
A New Naming Convention for Andean Khipus
Since the 1970s, hundreds of khipus-Andean knotted-string recording devices-have been named after academic researchers. This practice disassociates individual khipus from their places of origin and reifies scientific inequity. Here, a new convention of the form KH#### (e.g., KH0125) is proposed, which we believe represents a more neutral, direct, and accurate nomenclature. The change is implemented in the Open Khipu Repository (OKR), the largest …
Indigenous Record Keeping and Hacienda Culture in the Andes: Modern Khipu Accounting on the Island of the Sun, Bolivia
How did khipus-knotted cords that encode information-function within the economic systems of the postcolonial Andes? Best known as the method by which the Incas recorded administrative data, khipu use continued into the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Few studies of modern khipus, however, have analyzed how khipu cords were integrated with the institutions of the modern state, such as the hacienda. This article examines a set of modern khipus…
Subject Indicators and the Decipherment of Genre on Andean Khipus
This article analyzes how khipus , Andean knotted cords for communication, indicated their subject matter. Spanish chroniclers attested to the existence of different genres of khipus; however, scholars have not known how or if khipus indicated the genre of data they stored. Ethnographic testimony reveals that needlework bundles— kaytes —attached to primary cords served as subject indicators. This article surveys post-Inka kaytes, examining one fr…
Sodomy, Sin, and String Writing: The Moral Origins of AndeanKhipu
According to the anonymous seventeenth-century author of the Quito Manuscript, ancient Andeans once possessed a writing system (qillqa) that they replaced with knotted strings (khipu) as part of the religious and sexual reform of their nation. The manuscript's redactor, Fernando de Montesinos, added to the text his own speculations about Andean writing, which he linked to the Tree of Good and Evil in the Garden of Eden. For both of these authors,…
Adivinación Y Oráculos En El Mundo Andino Antiguo
Book Review| July 01 2009 Adivinación Y Oráculos En El Mundo Andino Antiguo Edited by Marco Curatola Petrocchi and Mariusz S. Ziolkowski. (Lima: Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú and El Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, 2008. 310 pp., editors' introduction. Paperback.) Sabine Hyland Sabine Hyland Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Ethnohistory (2009) 56 (3): 546–547. https://doi.org/10.121…
Daily Life in the Inca Empire
The Jesuit and the Incas
Communication
October 1, 2005To the Editors:I have given careful attention to the letter from Professor Sabine Hyland, and I would like to respond briefly. I reaffirm that the reasons for Blas Valera’s imprisonment are not clear. Of the documents available in the Inquisition of Lima section of the Archivo Histórico Nacional in Madrid, neither the letters from the Jesuits published by Antonio Egaña in Monumenta peruana, nor the letter from father Lucio Garcete …
The Jesuit and the Incas
Peer Reviewed
Adivinación Y Oráculos En El Mundo Andino Antiguo
Book Review| July 01 2009 Adivinación Y Oráculos En El Mundo Andino Antiguo Edited by Marco Curatola Petrocchi and Mariusz S. Ziolkowski. (Lima: Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú and El Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, 2008. 310 pp., editors' introduction. Paperback.) Sabine Hyland Sabine Hyland Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Ethnohistory (2009) 56 (3): 546–547. https://doi.org/10.121…
Sodomy, Sin, and String Writing: The Moral Origins of AndeanKhipu
According to the anonymous seventeenth-century author of the Quito Manuscript, ancient Andeans once possessed a writing system (qillqa) that they replaced with knotted strings (khipu) as part of the religious and sexual reform of their nation. The manuscript's redactor, Fernando de Montesinos, added to the text his own speculations about Andean writing, which he linked to the Tree of Good and Evil in the Garden of Eden. For both of these authors,…
Guest Editors' Introduction
Salomon and Hyland edited the special issue - Graphic Pluralism: Native American Systems of inscription and the Colonial Situation
Of Summits and Sacriflce: An Ethnohistoric Study of Inka Religious Practices
Book Review| October 01 2011 Of Summits and Sacriflce: An Ethnohistoric Study of Inka Religious Practices Of Summits and Sacriflce: An Ethnohistoric Study of Inka Religious Practices. By Besom, Thomas. (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2009. xii + 230 pp., prologue, maps, illustrations, glossary, bibliography, index. $60.00 cloth.) Sabine Hyland Sabine Hyland Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Ethnohistory (2011) 58 (4):…
Knot Direction in a Khipu/Alphabetic Text from the Central Andes
Khipus are knotted-string devices that were used in the Inka Empire for communication and for recording information. We recently analyzed the names and associated khipu cords in a newly discovered hybrid khipul alphabetic text from the Central Andes. Results indicate a significant relationship in the text between knot direction and a form of social organization known as moieties, in which S-knots correspond to the upper (Hanan) moiety and Z-knots…
Ply, Markedness, and Redundancy: New Evidence for How Andean Khipus Encoded Information
Khipus are knotted-cord devices once used in the Andes for communication and recording information. Although numbers can be read on many khipus, it is unknown how other forms of data may have been recorded on the strings. Scholars currently debate whether elements of cord construction, such as the direction of ply, signified meaning on khipus and, if so, how. Testimony from an Aymara-speaking khipu maker, collected in 1895 by Max Uhle and recover…
Jesuit Accounts of the Colonial Americas: Intercultural Transfers, Intellectual Disputes, and Textualities
Jesuit Accounts of the Colonial Americas: Intercultural Transfers, Intellectual Disputes, and Textualities. Marc André Bernier, Clorinda Donato, and Hans-Jürgen Lüsebrink, eds. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014. x + 464 pp. $80. - Volume 68 Issue 4
How khipus indicated labour contributions in an Andean village: An explanation of colour banding, seriation and ethnocategories
New archival and ethnographic evidence reveals that Inka style khipus were used in the Andean community of Santiago de Anchucaya to record contributions to communal labour obligations until the 1940s. Archival testimony from the last khipu specialist in Anchucaya, supplemented by interviews with his grandson, provides the first known expert explanation for how goods, labour obligations, and social groups were indicated on Inka style Andean khipus…
The Protectors of Indians in the Royal Audience of Lima: History, Careers and Legal Culture. 1575–1775, written by Mauricio Novoa
At Home with the Sapa Inca: Architecture, Space, and Legacy at Chinchero
For all the attention that has been paid to the magnificent Inca site of Machu Picchu, we know surprisingly little about the intimate landscapes where life took place within Inca royal estates. Insightful, evocative, and thoroughly researched, Stella Nair's new book explores the distinctive architectural spaces and structures of the royal Inca palace at Chinchero, Peru. Constructed for the Inca emperor Topa Inca Yupanqui as a retreat for himself,…
Writing with Twisted Cords: The Inscriptive Capacity of AndeanKhipus
Two newly discovered khipu (Andean twisted cord) epistles are presented as evidence that khipus could constitute an intelligible writing system, accessible to decipherment. Recent scholars have asserted that khipus were merely memory aides recording only numbers, despite Spanish witnesses who claimed that Inka era (1400 - 1532 CE) khipus encoded narratives and were sent as letters. In 2015, the author examined two khipus preserved by village auth…
Subject Indicators and the Decipherment of Genre on Andean Khipus
This article analyzes how khipus , Andean knotted cords for communication, indicated their subject matter. Spanish chroniclers attested to the existence of different genres of khipus; however, scholars have not known how or if khipus indicated the genre of data they stored. Ethnographic testimony reveals that needlework bundles— kaytes —attached to primary cords served as subject indicators. This article surveys post-Inka kaytes, examining one fr…
Festival Threads: Khipu Calendars and Mercedarian Missions in Rapaz, Peru (c. 1565–1825)
The introduction of the Christian calendar into Spanish American missionary zones often led to novel forms of calendrical record-keeping as pre-Christian methods of time-keeping were adapted to the Christian festival cycle. Yet while indigenous Christian calendars for Mesoamerica have been well studied, their Andean counterparts remain virtually unknown. This article examines a set of khipus (Andean cord texts) from highland Peru that, according …
Khipus, Khipu Boards, and Sacred Texts: Toward a Philology of Andean Knotted Cords
Although the knotted cord texts known as khipus have been created in the Andes for over a millennium (ca. AD 950–1950), their historical philology has been little understood. This study, based on original archival and ethnographic research, analyzes hybrid khipu/alphabetic texts known as “khipu boards,” examining their development in colonial Peru, and their role in twentieth-century Andean rituals. Particular attention is paid to a previously un…
Indigenous Record Keeping and Hacienda Culture in the Andes: Modern Khipu Accounting on the Island of the Sun, Bolivia
How did khipus-knotted cords that encode information-function within the economic systems of the postcolonial Andes? Best known as the method by which the Incas recorded administrative data, khipu use continued into the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Few studies of modern khipus, however, have analyzed how khipu cords were integrated with the institutions of the modern state, such as the hacienda. This article examines a set of modern khipus…
Escritura en quechua y sociedad serrana en transformación: Perú, 1920-1960
Book Review| February 01 2021 Escritura en quechua y sociedad serrana en transformación: Perú, 1920–1960 Escritura en quechua y sociedad serrana en transformación: Perú, 1920–1960. By Durston, Alan. Serie Lengua y Sociedad. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, 2019. Tables. Notes. Bibliography. 132 pp. Paper, PEN$10.50. Sabine Hyland Sabine Hyland University of St Andrews Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Hispanic Americ…
Style and Rebus in an Emergent Script from Bolivia: The Koati Variant of Andean Pictographic Writing
Andean pictographic writing, once considered the creation of foreign missionaries, is now recognized as a series of locally developed scripts that emerged after contact with alphabetic writing. However, the role of stylistic variation within the Andean pictographic scripts is little understood, nor has the rebus-based glottography of the system’s phonetic signs been fully studied. This article examines the Koati variant of Andean pictographic scr…
A New Naming Convention for Andean Khipus
Since the 1970s, hundreds of khipus-Andean knotted-string recording devices-have been named after academic researchers. This practice disassociates individual khipus from their places of origin and reifies scientific inequity. Here, a new convention of the form KH#### (e.g., KH0125) is proposed, which we believe represents a more neutral, direct, and accurate nomenclature. The change is implemented in the Open Khipu Repository (OKR), the largest …
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