Th Rehren
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 4534050 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Th Rehren |
| NOMBRES | Th |
| APELLIDO | Rehren |
| FIRMA | REHREN T |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Pennsylvania |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 29 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 256 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 29 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1995 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Microstructural Characterization of Ceramic Aggregates within Roman Mortars
Technical ceramics from late period to Roman Kom Tuman (Memphis), Egypt, reveal collocation of multiple high-temperature industries
Apart from palatial and military archaeological contexts, the Kom Tuman sector of ancient Memphis features an industrial area formed by several high-temperature production and processing workshops of different specializations, operating from the Late period (ca. 664 BCE–ca. 332 BCE) to Hellenistic and Roman times. The study of crucible fragments from these workshops identified a range of coexisting activities, including glass working and metalwor…
Making and working Egyptian blue – a review of the archaeological evidence
Lead isotope and metal source of Shang bronzes
In this brief response to Sun et al.’s ( ) comments on our paper, we re‐emphasize that archaeological, chemical and isotopic evidence are all relevant to the discussion about the metal source of the Shang period with highly radiogenic lead isotope ratios. The southern African bronzes have much lower lead contents and quite different lead isotopic signatures than the Shang bronzes. More importantly, there was no metallurgy of any kind in southern …
Did China Import Metals from Africa in the Bronze Age
The origins of the copper, tin and lead for China's rich Bronze Age cultures are a major topic in archaeological research, with significant contributions being made by archaeological fieldwork, archaeometallurgical investigations and geochemical considerations. Here, we investigate a recent claim that the greater part of the Shang‐period metalwork was made using metals from Africa, imported together with the necessary know‐how to produce tin bron…
Lisht as a New Kingdom Glass‐Making Site with Its Own Chemical Signature
Lisht is one of a few New Kingdom sites with known glass‐working debris. Here, we present evidence for the primary production of glass at Lisht, including crucible fragments and semi‐finished glass. We also provide 12 new chemical analyses of glass from Lisht, including trace elements. We argue that the glass made at Lisht has a specific chemical signature within the broader range of Late Bronze Age glass compositions from Egypt, further underlin…
High‐boron and High‐alumina Middle Byzantine (10th–12th Century ce ) Glass Bracelets
The trace element boron is present in most ancient glasses as an impurity, and high boron (≥ 300 ppm) marks raw material sources that are geologically specific and relatively uncommon. Recent analyses of Byzantine glass with high boron contents suggest that glass‐making was not limited to the traditional regions of the Levant and Egypt, and a production origin in or near western Anatolia is proposed. Glass bracelets from Ḥiṣn al‐Tīnāt in southern…
Kastro Palaia settlement, Volos, Greece
The paper examines diachronically the technological knowledge and the level of copper metallurgy at Kastro Palaia, Volos, in Magnesia, examining various objects with dates from the Early Bronze Age through to the Early Christian era. Of the 70 objects that have been examined so far using pXRF, a small sample was selected for further metallographic and chemical analyses. In this way, the manufacturing processes for the production of each object we…
Forty years and still growing
A (not so) dangerous method
Analysis of metal objects with portable and handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometry has become increasingly popular in recent years. Here, methodological concerns that apply to non-destructive, surface examination with XRF instruments of ancient metal artefacts are discussed based on the comparative analyses of a set of copper-based objects by means of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) and electron probe microanalyser (EPMA). The analytical inv…
Tradition and indigeneity in Mughal architectural glazed tiles
Glazed tiles were employed by the Mughals for the decoration of their monuments in northern India over the sixteenth and seventeenth century. The character and composition of thirty tile samples from Mughal buildings at Delhi, in northern India, were investigated by EPMA-WDS and SEM-EDS. Analysis shows that the tiles have stonepaste bodies, indicating that they form part of the family of Islamic ceramics. The glaze layers are determined to have l…
The Intentional Use of Lead–tin Orange in I ndian I slamic Glazes and Its Preliminary Characterization
We describe the historical appearance, composition and texture of a little‐known orange pigment in 17th‐century northern I ndia. The pigment shares similarities with lead–tin yellow type II , but has between 6 and 7 wt% zinc oxide instead of silica as a minor element in its structure, in addition to the dominant lead and tin oxide. The consistency of its occurrence and composition across several important and highly decorated monuments and relati…
Shades of blue – cobalt-copper coloured blue glass from New Kingdom Egypt and the Mycenaean world
Isotopes in Vitreous Materials
Melt formation in lime-rich proto-porcelain glazes
Direct Evidence of Primary Glass Production in Late Bronze Age Amarna, Egypt
This paper presents direct archaeological evidence for the primary production of glass at the LBA site of Tell el-Amarna, in the form of numerous finds of semi-finished glass. The diagnostic microstructural and chemical composition of these finds is presented alongside macroscopically similar finds, of shapeless lumps of finished white glass. The semi-finished glass was found to contain numerous inclusions of residual quartz and newly formed lime…
Western technical traditions of pottery making in Tang Dynasty China
Post‐medieval Crucible Production and Distribution
This paper is concerned with the manufacture and trade of post‐medieval crucibles (14th–19th centuries). The analytical study of crucibles from different contexts in Europe and America employed optical microscopy and SEM–EDS, coupled with archaeological and historical data. We identified two major producers of crucibles, both of them in Central Europe, whose products appear widely distributed internationally. The analytical data allow an explanat…
A review of factors affecting the composition of early Egyptian glasses and faience
The production of speiss (iron arsenide) during the Early Bronze Age in Iran
Characterization and Provenance of Late Antique Window Glass From the Petra Church in Jordan
Fifth‐ to seventh‐century window glass fragments from the Petra Church in Jordan were analysed by EPMA and spectrophotometry to characterize their optical properties and chemical composition. The objective of this study was to determine the provenance of the raw glass and the secondary production procedures of the window‐panes. Judging from the material evidence, both the crown window‐panes and possibly the rectangular samples were produced throu…
Coins, Artefacts and Isotopes—archaeometallurgy and Archaeometry
Archaeometallurgy is one of the earliest manifestations of archaeometric research, using science‐based approaches to address cultural–historical questions. This review first outlines the extent of the field, defining in some detail the main branches of archaeometallurgy, and their specific methodological approaches. It then looks at some of the early publications pioneering archaeometallurgical research, to set the scene for the publication patte…
Post-Medieval Crucible Production and Distribution
Shorter Notices
Report on the First Iranian Prehistoric Slag Workshop
In December of 2006, a small workshop was held at the UCL Institute of Archaeology to bring together established and emerging scholars currently working on ancient Iranian metallurgy, most especially those focused on the production debris (i.e., slag, furnace lining, etc.). This paper presents a summary of that meeting in order to introduce these scholars to the wider archaeological audience, and to provide a basic idea of the sorts of questions …
The production of speiss (iron arsenide) during the Early Bronze Age in Iran
A (not so) dangerous method
Analysis of metal objects with portable and handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometry has become increasingly popular in recent years. Here, methodological concerns that apply to non-destructive, surface examination with XRF instruments of ancient metal artefacts are discussed based on the comparative analyses of a set of copper-based objects by means of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) and electron probe microanalyser (EPMA). The analytical inv…
Shades of blue – cobalt-copper coloured blue glass from New Kingdom Egypt and the Mycenaean world
Post‐medieval Crucible Production and Distribution
This paper is concerned with the manufacture and trade of post‐medieval crucibles (14th–19th centuries). The analytical study of crucibles from different contexts in Europe and America employed optical microscopy and SEM–EDS, coupled with archaeological and historical data. We identified two major producers of crucibles, both of them in Central Europe, whose products appear widely distributed internationally. The analytical data allow an explanat…
The Production of Lead–Tin Yellow at Merovingian Schleitheim (Switzerland)
A Merovingian crucible fragment, with internally adhering yellow glass, and yellow glass beads of the same region and period were investigated by non‐destructive XRF, optical microscopy and SEM‐EDS. Although the microstructure and chemical composition of the yellow pigment (lead–tin yellow type II, ‘PbSnO 3 ’) are almost identical in both the beads and the crucible, in the latter the pigment occurs in a much higher concentration. However, the gla…
Coins, Artefacts and Isotopes—archaeometallurgy and Archaeometry
Archaeometallurgy is one of the earliest manifestations of archaeometric research, using science‐based approaches to address cultural–historical questions. This review first outlines the extent of the field, defining in some detail the main branches of archaeometallurgy, and their specific methodological approaches. It then looks at some of the early publications pioneering archaeometallurgical research, to set the scene for the publication patte…
Aspects of the Production of Cobalt‐blue Glass in Egypt
Cobalt‐blue glass of the Near and Middle Eastern Late Bronze Age has long been recognized as compositionally distinct from other contemporary glasses (Sayre 1967; Lilyquist et al. 1993). It has been suggested recently by Shortland and Tite (2000) that this chemical distinction reflects the use of Egyptian raw materials for making these glasses, different from those used to make glass in Mesopotamia, or its manufacture by Mesopotamian workmen, pos…
Did China Import Metals from Africa in the Bronze Age
The origins of the copper, tin and lead for China's rich Bronze Age cultures are a major topic in archaeological research, with significant contributions being made by archaeological fieldwork, archaeometallurgical investigations and geochemical considerations. Here, we investigate a recent claim that the greater part of the Shang‐period metalwork was made using metals from Africa, imported together with the necessary know‐how to produce tin bron…
Melt formation in lime-rich proto-porcelain glazes
Direct Evidence of Primary Glass Production in Late Bronze Age Amarna, Egypt
This paper presents direct archaeological evidence for the primary production of glass at the LBA site of Tell el-Amarna, in the form of numerous finds of semi-finished glass. The diagnostic microstructural and chemical composition of these finds is presented alongside macroscopically similar finds, of shapeless lumps of finished white glass. The semi-finished glass was found to contain numerous inclusions of residual quartz and newly formed lime…
Characterization and Provenance of Late Antique Window Glass From the Petra Church in Jordan
Fifth‐ to seventh‐century window glass fragments from the Petra Church in Jordan were analysed by EPMA and spectrophotometry to characterize their optical properties and chemical composition. The objective of this study was to determine the provenance of the raw glass and the secondary production procedures of the window‐panes. Judging from the material evidence, both the crown window‐panes and possibly the rectangular samples were produced throu…
Western technical traditions of pottery making in Tang Dynasty China
Forty years and still growing
High‐boron and High‐alumina Middle Byzantine (10th–12th Century ce ) Glass Bracelets
The trace element boron is present in most ancient glasses as an impurity, and high boron (≥ 300 ppm) marks raw material sources that are geologically specific and relatively uncommon. Recent analyses of Byzantine glass with high boron contents suggest that glass‐making was not limited to the traditional regions of the Levant and Egypt, and a production origin in or near western Anatolia is proposed. Glass bracelets from Ḥiṣn al‐Tīnāt in southern…
Tradition and indigeneity in Mughal architectural glazed tiles
Glazed tiles were employed by the Mughals for the decoration of their monuments in northern India over the sixteenth and seventeenth century. The character and composition of thirty tile samples from Mughal buildings at Delhi, in northern India, were investigated by EPMA-WDS and SEM-EDS. Analysis shows that the tiles have stonepaste bodies, indicating that they form part of the family of Islamic ceramics. The glaze layers are determined to have l…
Lisht as a New Kingdom Glass‐Making Site with Its Own Chemical Signature
Lisht is one of a few New Kingdom sites with known glass‐working debris. Here, we present evidence for the primary production of glass at Lisht, including crucible fragments and semi‐finished glass. We also provide 12 new chemical analyses of glass from Lisht, including trace elements. We argue that the glass made at Lisht has a specific chemical signature within the broader range of Late Bronze Age glass compositions from Egypt, further underlin…
Isotopes in Vitreous Materials
Ramesside Glass‐colouring Crucibles
The preparation of glass in New Kingdom Egypt heavily involved the use of crucibles. Shape, mode of operation and function of these vessels have been reconstructed on the basis of new, stratified material from the excavation at Qantir, eastern Nile Delta. The crucible fabric, the internal layer protecting the vessel from the charge, and the glass melted in the crucibles are characterized by chemical and petrographic studies. The crucibles were ap…
The Intentional Use of Lead–tin Orange in I ndian I slamic Glazes and Its Preliminary Characterization
We describe the historical appearance, composition and texture of a little‐known orange pigment in 17th‐century northern I ndia. The pigment shares similarities with lead–tin yellow type II , but has between 6 and 7 wt% zinc oxide instead of silica as a minor element in its structure, in addition to the dominant lead and tin oxide. The consistency of its occurrence and composition across several important and highly decorated monuments and relati…
Report on the First Iranian Prehistoric Slag Workshop
In December of 2006, a small workshop was held at the UCL Institute of Archaeology to bring together established and emerging scholars currently working on ancient Iranian metallurgy, most especially those focused on the production debris (i.e., slag, furnace lining, etc.). This paper presents a summary of that meeting in order to introduce these scholars to the wider archaeological audience, and to provide a basic idea of the sorts of questions …
The Composition of Gold from the Ancient Mining District of Verespatak/Roşia MontanĂ, Romania
Ramesside Glass‐colouring Crucibles
The preparation of glass in New Kingdom Egypt heavily involved the use of crucibles. Shape, mode of operation and function of these vessels have been reconstructed on the basis of new, stratified material from the excavation at Qantir, eastern Nile Delta. The crucible fabric, the internal layer protecting the vessel from the charge, and the glass melted in the crucibles are characterized by chemical and petrographic studies. The crucibles were ap…
Aspects of the Production of Cobalt‐blue Glass in Egypt
Cobalt‐blue glass of the Near and Middle Eastern Late Bronze Age has long been recognized as compositionally distinct from other contemporary glasses (Sayre 1967; Lilyquist et al. 1993). It has been suggested recently by Shortland and Tite (2000) that this chemical distinction reflects the use of Egyptian raw materials for making these glasses, different from those used to make glass in Mesopotamia, or its manufacture by Mesopotamian workmen, pos…
The Production of Lead–Tin Yellow at Merovingian Schleitheim (Switzerland)
A Merovingian crucible fragment, with internally adhering yellow glass, and yellow glass beads of the same region and period were investigated by non‐destructive XRF, optical microscopy and SEM‐EDS. Although the microstructure and chemical composition of the yellow pigment (lead–tin yellow type II, ‘PbSnO 3 ’) are almost identical in both the beads and the crucible, in the latter the pigment occurs in a much higher concentration. However, the gla…
Shorter Notices
Report on the First Iranian Prehistoric Slag Workshop
In December of 2006, a small workshop was held at the UCL Institute of Archaeology to bring together established and emerging scholars currently working on ancient Iranian metallurgy, most especially those focused on the production debris (i.e., slag, furnace lining, etc.). This paper presents a summary of that meeting in order to introduce these scholars to the wider archaeological audience, and to provide a basic idea of the sorts of questions …
A review of factors affecting the composition of early Egyptian glasses and faience
The production of speiss (iron arsenide) during the Early Bronze Age in Iran
Characterization and Provenance of Late Antique Window Glass From the Petra Church in Jordan
Fifth‐ to seventh‐century window glass fragments from the Petra Church in Jordan were analysed by EPMA and spectrophotometry to characterize their optical properties and chemical composition. The objective of this study was to determine the provenance of the raw glass and the secondary production procedures of the window‐panes. Judging from the material evidence, both the crown window‐panes and possibly the rectangular samples were produced throu…
Coins, Artefacts and Isotopes—archaeometallurgy and Archaeometry
Archaeometallurgy is one of the earliest manifestations of archaeometric research, using science‐based approaches to address cultural–historical questions. This review first outlines the extent of the field, defining in some detail the main branches of archaeometallurgy, and their specific methodological approaches. It then looks at some of the early publications pioneering archaeometallurgical research, to set the scene for the publication patte…
Post-Medieval Crucible Production and Distribution
Post‐medieval Crucible Production and Distribution
This paper is concerned with the manufacture and trade of post‐medieval crucibles (14th–19th centuries). The analytical study of crucibles from different contexts in Europe and America employed optical microscopy and SEM–EDS, coupled with archaeological and historical data. We identified two major producers of crucibles, both of them in Central Europe, whose products appear widely distributed internationally. The analytical data allow an explanat…
Western technical traditions of pottery making in Tang Dynasty China
Direct Evidence of Primary Glass Production in Late Bronze Age Amarna, Egypt
This paper presents direct archaeological evidence for the primary production of glass at the LBA site of Tell el-Amarna, in the form of numerous finds of semi-finished glass. The diagnostic microstructural and chemical composition of these finds is presented alongside macroscopically similar finds, of shapeless lumps of finished white glass. The semi-finished glass was found to contain numerous inclusions of residual quartz and newly formed lime…
Isotopes in Vitreous Materials
Melt formation in lime-rich proto-porcelain glazes
Shades of blue – cobalt-copper coloured blue glass from New Kingdom Egypt and the Mycenaean world
Tradition and indigeneity in Mughal architectural glazed tiles
Glazed tiles were employed by the Mughals for the decoration of their monuments in northern India over the sixteenth and seventeenth century. The character and composition of thirty tile samples from Mughal buildings at Delhi, in northern India, were investigated by EPMA-WDS and SEM-EDS. Analysis shows that the tiles have stonepaste bodies, indicating that they form part of the family of Islamic ceramics. The glaze layers are determined to have l…
The Intentional Use of Lead–tin Orange in I ndian I slamic Glazes and Its Preliminary Characterization
We describe the historical appearance, composition and texture of a little‐known orange pigment in 17th‐century northern I ndia. The pigment shares similarities with lead–tin yellow type II , but has between 6 and 7 wt% zinc oxide instead of silica as a minor element in its structure, in addition to the dominant lead and tin oxide. The consistency of its occurrence and composition across several important and highly decorated monuments and relati…
Forty years and still growing
A (not so) dangerous method
Analysis of metal objects with portable and handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometry has become increasingly popular in recent years. Here, methodological concerns that apply to non-destructive, surface examination with XRF instruments of ancient metal artefacts are discussed based on the comparative analyses of a set of copper-based objects by means of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) and electron probe microanalyser (EPMA). The analytical inv…
Kastro Palaia settlement, Volos, Greece
The paper examines diachronically the technological knowledge and the level of copper metallurgy at Kastro Palaia, Volos, in Magnesia, examining various objects with dates from the Early Bronze Age through to the Early Christian era. Of the 70 objects that have been examined so far using pXRF, a small sample was selected for further metallographic and chemical analyses. In this way, the manufacturing processes for the production of each object we…
Lead isotope and metal source of Shang bronzes
In this brief response to Sun et al.’s ( ) comments on our paper, we re‐emphasize that archaeological, chemical and isotopic evidence are all relevant to the discussion about the metal source of the Shang period with highly radiogenic lead isotope ratios. The southern African bronzes have much lower lead contents and quite different lead isotopic signatures than the Shang bronzes. More importantly, there was no metallurgy of any kind in southern …
Did China Import Metals from Africa in the Bronze Age
The origins of the copper, tin and lead for China's rich Bronze Age cultures are a major topic in archaeological research, with significant contributions being made by archaeological fieldwork, archaeometallurgical investigations and geochemical considerations. Here, we investigate a recent claim that the greater part of the Shang‐period metalwork was made using metals from Africa, imported together with the necessary know‐how to produce tin bron…
Lisht as a New Kingdom Glass‐Making Site with Its Own Chemical Signature
Lisht is one of a few New Kingdom sites with known glass‐working debris. Here, we present evidence for the primary production of glass at Lisht, including crucible fragments and semi‐finished glass. We also provide 12 new chemical analyses of glass from Lisht, including trace elements. We argue that the glass made at Lisht has a specific chemical signature within the broader range of Late Bronze Age glass compositions from Egypt, further underlin…
Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis (19 obras) · Archaeology (18 obras) · History (14 obras) · Building materials and conservation (13 obras) · Materials Science (13 obras) · Metallurgy (13 obras) · Mineralogy (12 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (11 obras) · Chemistry (10 obras) · Geology (10 obras)