Amandine Crespy
Biographic Data
| ID | 453856 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Amandine Crespy |
| GIVEN NAMES | Amandine |
| FAMILY NAME | Crespy |
| SIGNATURE | CRESPY A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Université Libre de Bruxelles |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6563-2613 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 41 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 372 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 38 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 3 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2008 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Beyond market vs. social citizenship: Economic imperatives and the building of a pan-European labour market
This paper contributes to old and new academic debates concerning European citizenship, and aims to overcome the dichotomy between social citizenship, on the one hand, and market citizenship, on the other. We make the case that European citizenship has been socio-economic by nature, since the emergence of transnational rights was consubstantial with economic freedom and market-building, long before the introduction of EU citizenship status in the…
The asymmetry of EU socio-economic governance: Theoretical fault lines and constructivist avenues for future research
The EU compromise machine and the politicisation of social policy: Lessons from the regulation of platform work
Over the past few years, the legal status and the working conditions of platform workers have been among the most debated manifestations of the digital transformation of work. Tense negotiations on the EU platform work directive (from 2021 to 2024) epitomize long-standing conflicts in EU social policymaking, namely the opposition between capital and labour, on the one hand, and resistance to EU involvement or impact on Member States’ social arran…
Resilient austerity? National economic discourses before the pandemic in the European Union
After the euro crisis, politicization patterns led the institutions of the European Union to gradually redirect the bloc's socioeconomic governance away from austerity. It is less clear whether the erosion of austerity was mirrored in national economic discourses. To fill this gap, this article provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of parliamentary budget debates in four country cases: France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Portugal, fr…
Beyond ‘responsibility vs. responsiveness’: Reconfigurations of EU economic governance in response to crises
The Covid-19 pandemic led to an important reconfiguration of economic governance in the European Union towards deeper economic integration. This fits uneasily with predictions of an inevitable political 'lock-in' stemming from a responsibility–responsiveness dilemma, or an inexorably constraining politicisation. Investigating the evolution in discourses on and policies of economic governance in the EU, the papers in this collection approach the r…
Embedding past, present and future crises: Time and the political construction of the Covid-19 pandemic in the EU
This paper investigates the construction of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis by EU elites. It addresses the puzzling relationship between the spread of the new virus with a large-scale reconfiguration of economic governance in the EU which was unimaginable a few months earlier. Drawing from a constructivist approach to political economy, we argue that the discursive construal and framing of this crisis was instrumental to embed the emergency of the p…
How the impossible became possible: Evolving frames and narratives on responsibility and responsiveness from the Eurocrisis to NextGenerationEU
This paper explains how a turn in EU governance which was unthinkable only a few months prior became possible in 2020. Rather than a sudden paradigm shift brought about by the pandemic, we argue that it occurred through successive episodes of reinterpreting the rules and layering on new instruments while fostering investment and fiscal sharing on top of the pre-existing ordoliberal regime. Through a discursive institutionalist lens, the paper sup…
Sovereignty in Conflict: Political, Constitutional and Economic Dilemmas in the EU
Lost in transition? Social justice and the politics of the EU green transition
Focusing on two key instruments, the Just Transition Fund and the Social Climate Fund, this article assesses to what extent the EU’s pledge for a ‘just transition’ has the potential to foster greater social justice while implementing the European Green Deal. We analyse the related objectives, policy tools and patterns of political conflict and find that both Funds have narrow objectives anchored in a reactive logic complementing existing social i…
Sovereignty in Conflict: Political, Constitutional and Economic Dilemmas in the EU
The European Social Question: Tackling Key Controversies
Conflicts of sovereignty over EU trade policy: A new constitutional settlement
Conflicts of sovereignty in contemporary Europe: A framework of analysis
Understanding Conflicts of Sovereignty in the EU
L’Union européenne et la protection sociale: C’est compliqué
L’intervention de l’Union européenne (UE) sur le social est aussi complexe que fragmentaire et se déploie de manière à la fois directe et indirecte. On peut distinguer quatre grands champs d’action européens : la réglementation (mobilité, droit du travail, non-discrimination) ; le dialogue social européen ; la redistribution par les fonds ; et la coordination souple des réformes des systèmes sociaux. Cet article s’intéresse plus particulièrement …
Breaking the Budgetary Taboo: German Preference Formation in the EU's Response to the Covid-19 Crisis
Published online: 28 December 2021
Understanding Conflicts of Sovereignty in the EU
Can Scharpf be proved wrong? Modelling the EU into a competitive social market economy for the next generation
Criticism of the EU’s social deficit has become more vivid than ever following the socially regressive handling of the 2008–10 financial and debt crisis. In 2010, Fritz Scharpf famously argued that the EU ‘cannot be a social market economy’ owing to its institutional architecture, legal features, and collective action issues. The COVID‐19 pandemic has nevertheless led to a new agenda combining investment, social concerns, the green transition and…
The EU's Socioeconomic Governance 10 Years after the Crisis: Muddling through and the Revolt against Austerity
SCOPUS: re.j
Unpacking old and new conflicts of sovereignty in the European polity
In the post-Maastricht era, member states of the European Union (EU) have proved increasingly reluctant to transfer further competences to the supranational level and are willing to safeguard their sovereignty. Though the responses to the contemporary multiple crises – related to economic and monetary policy, borders and migrations, or democracy and the rule of law – have brought about conflicts over values and sovereignty losses surrounding the …
In the name of ‘the people’? Popular Sovereignty and the 2015 Greek referendum
This article explores the rise of new conflicts of sovereignty especially with regard to popular sovereignty in the EU polity. It asks whether referenda in the national realm are effective tools to enhance popular sovereignty at supranational level. To elucidate this question, we distinguish between embedded and unilateral referenda. Empirically, the paper focuses on the referendum called by the Greek government on the proposed Memorandum of Unde…
Healthcare Reforms and Fiscal Discipline in Europe: Responsibility or Responsiveness
This paper asks how governments across Europe have responded to the dilemma between financial responsibility and political responsiveness against the background of heightened fiscal pressure. Focusing on the domestic politics of healthcare reforms in four contrasted cases (England, France, Hungary, and Ireland), we investigate how governments frame and legitimize these reforms. We find that references to input legitimacy vary greatly according to…
Macro‐economic coordination and elusive ownership in the European Union
The notion of ownership is well known in relation to global governance. In the realm of EU macro‐economic coordination, it has become a buzzword since the revamping process of the European Semester in 2015. This article investigates how ownership by four types of domestic actors (governments, administrations, parliaments and social partners) manifests itself in the European Semester. We conceptualize three types of ownership, namely institutional…
What “Brussels” means by structural reforms: Empty signifier or constructive ambiguity
The connection between parliamentary and extra-parliamentary opposition in the EU. From Acta to the financial crisis
With no formal division between majority and opposition in the parliamentary arena, the European Union (EU) calls for an approach to political opposition which considers the role of civil society. This article explores the case of opposition to the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) within and without the European Parliament (EP) through a political opportunity approach, using the case to reflect on conditions for effective opposition in …
The clash of Titans: France, Germany and the discursive double game of EMU reform
This paper investigates why and how French and German leaders converged on an agreement for reforming the European Monetary Union in response to the outbreak of the debt crisis in Europe. To answer these questions, we begin by revising Putnam's two-level game in order to offer a constructivist account of the politics of 'grand bargains' in the European Union. The Eurozone negotiations, we argue, are better viewed as a simultaneous double game in …
Commission Entrepreneurship and the Debasing of Social Europe Before and After the Eurocrisis
The bulk of the literature on ‘social Europe’ has suggested that social policy at the level of the EU remains to be characterized by the interplay of courts and markets. While we do not disagree with this argument, our objective is to shed light on the European Commission's entrepreneurship, an element which appears to be somewhat bereft of scholarly attention. We show how, by displaying social acuity, defining problems and building teams, the Co…
When ‘Bolkestein’ is trapped by the French anti-liberal discourse: A discursive-institutionalist account of preference formation in the realm of European Union multi-level politics
This paper investigates the bottom-up preference formation over the draft Directive over services liberalization and its impact on co-decision at the EU level from the theoretical perspective of discursive institutionalism. Firstly, it is demonstrated that the anti-liberal discourse framed by the French left led President Chirac to reconfigure his strategic interests and embrace a strongly anti-liberal stance against the proposed directive. Secon…
Breaking the Budgetary Taboo: German Preference Formation in the EU's Response to the Covid-19 Crisis
Published online: 28 December 2021
Unpacking old and new conflicts of sovereignty in the European polity
In the post-Maastricht era, member states of the European Union (EU) have proved increasingly reluctant to transfer further competences to the supranational level and are willing to safeguard their sovereignty. Though the responses to the contemporary multiple crises – related to economic and monetary policy, borders and migrations, or democracy and the rule of law – have brought about conflicts over values and sovereignty losses surrounding the …
What “Brussels” means by structural reforms: Empty signifier or constructive ambiguity
Deliberative Democracy and the Legitimacy of the European Union: A Reappraisal of Conflict
Connecting the relevant literature in sociology, political theory and European studies with original empirical research, this article calls for a reappraisal of conflict when addressing the issue of the democratic legitimacy of the European Union. It offers a critical account of rationalistic and consensus-based deliberative democracy both in the classical theories of deliberative democracy and in the practices institutionalised in the EU. Drawin…
New Parliament, New Cleavages after the Eastern Enlargement? The Conflict over the Services Directive as an Opposition between the Liberals and the Regulators
This article analyses the parliamentary debates and decision‐making related to the highly contentious EU directive on services. It is intended as a contribution to the academic debate on political conflict lines in the European Parliament. Our argument is that neither the left–right cleavage nor a territorial one (old versus new Member States) can fully explain conflict at stake on socio‐economic issues. Rather, what we can observe is cross‐cutti…
Macro‐economic coordination and elusive ownership in the European Union
The notion of ownership is well known in relation to global governance. In the realm of EU macro‐economic coordination, it has become a buzzword since the revamping process of the European Semester in 2015. This article investigates how ownership by four types of domestic actors (governments, administrations, parliaments and social partners) manifests itself in the European Semester. We conceptualize three types of ownership, namely institutional…
How the impossible became possible: Evolving frames and narratives on responsibility and responsiveness from the Eurocrisis to NextGenerationEU
This paper explains how a turn in EU governance which was unthinkable only a few months prior became possible in 2020. Rather than a sudden paradigm shift brought about by the pandemic, we argue that it occurred through successive episodes of reinterpreting the rules and layering on new instruments while fostering investment and fiscal sharing on top of the pre-existing ordoliberal regime. Through a discursive institutionalist lens, the paper sup…
Beyond ‘responsibility vs. responsiveness’: Reconfigurations of EU economic governance in response to crises
The Covid-19 pandemic led to an important reconfiguration of economic governance in the European Union towards deeper economic integration. This fits uneasily with predictions of an inevitable political 'lock-in' stemming from a responsibility–responsiveness dilemma, or an inexorably constraining politicisation. Investigating the evolution in discourses on and policies of economic governance in the EU, the papers in this collection approach the r…
The EU's Socioeconomic Governance 10 Years after the Crisis: Muddling through and the Revolt against Austerity
SCOPUS: re.j
How to not speak the ‘ F ‐word: Federalism between mirage and imperative in the euro crisis
The recent financial and debt crisis has resuscitated the debate about E uropean federalism – a theme that seemed not to have survived the painful constitutional adventure that ended with the ratification of the L isbon T reaty in 2009. With the adoption of significant policy and institutional measures for tightening macroeconomic and budgetary coordination (including a constitutionally enshrined debt brake), the reforms of the monetary union hav…
Dissent over the European Constitutional Treaty within the French Socialist Party: Between Response to Anti-Globalization Protest and Intra-Party Tactics
Conflicts of sovereignty in contemporary Europe: A framework of analysis
The connection between parliamentary and extra-parliamentary opposition in the EU. From Acta to the financial crisis
With no formal division between majority and opposition in the parliamentary arena, the European Union (EU) calls for an approach to political opposition which considers the role of civil society. This article explores the case of opposition to the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) within and without the European Parliament (EP) through a political opportunity approach, using the case to reflect on conditions for effective opposition in …
A Dialogue of the Deaf? Conflicting Discourses over the EU and Services Liberalisation in the WTO
Research Highlights and Abstract The role of the European Union (EU) in services liberalisation—and the impact thereof on the provision of services of general interest—has been highly contentious both globally and in the EU. Besides other policy issues, services liberalisation contributes to make the EU a ‘conflicted trade power’ ( Meunier and Nicolaïdis 2006 ). The study of conflicting discourses and, in particular, the EU's responsiveness to cr…
La cristallisation des résistances de gauche à l'intégration européenne: Les logiques de mobilisation dans la campagne référendaire française de 2005
Cet article explique comment de fortes résistances à l’Europe ont pu se cristalliser au sein du Parti socialiste français dans la campagne référendaire de 2005 sur le Traité constitutionnel européen. Dans une perspective historique et institutionnelle, il montre d’abord que les résistances à l’intégration européenne ont, depuis les débuts du projet d’intégration, constitué un élément plus ou moins latent de l’identité doctrinale du parti, élément…
In the name of ‘the people’? Popular Sovereignty and the 2015 Greek referendum
This article explores the rise of new conflicts of sovereignty especially with regard to popular sovereignty in the EU polity. It asks whether referenda in the national realm are effective tools to enhance popular sovereignty at supranational level. To elucidate this question, we distinguish between embedded and unilateral referenda. Empirically, the paper focuses on the referendum called by the Greek government on the proposed Memorandum of Unde…
Conflicts of sovereignty over EU trade policy: A new constitutional settlement
Contre « Bolkestein »: Le Parlement européen entre idéologie et stratégie institutionnelle
Cet article démontre comment, en dépit d’un large consensus sur la nécessaire libéralisation des services, considérée comme la pierre angulaire de la Stratégie de Lisbonne, les détracteurs du projet ont pu obtenir un compromis atténuant de manière significative la portée dérégulatrice du texte. L’étude de la mobilisation des partis politiques de gauche, des syndicats et des altermondialistes d’Attac dans trois pays centraux dans le conflit (Allem…
Embedding past, present and future crises: Time and the political construction of the Covid-19 pandemic in the EU
This paper investigates the construction of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis by EU elites. It addresses the puzzling relationship between the spread of the new virus with a large-scale reconfiguration of economic governance in the EU which was unimaginable a few months earlier. Drawing from a constructivist approach to political economy, we argue that the discursive construal and framing of this crisis was instrumental to embed the emergency of the p…
Expliquer l'impuissance partisane dans le policy making européen: Social-démocratie et régulation des services publics
Cet article s’intéresse à la faiblesse des partis politiques dans la formulation des politiques publiques au niveau européen. Il explique l’incapacité du Parti socialiste européen (PSE) à promouvoir une politique européenne des services publics permettant de les protéger des effets négatifs de la politique de concurrence de l’Union. La saillance des clivages nationaux et la volonté des décideurs dans les États membres de préserver les arrangement…
The EU compromise machine and the politicisation of social policy: Lessons from the regulation of platform work
Over the past few years, the legal status and the working conditions of platform workers have been among the most debated manifestations of the digital transformation of work. Tense negotiations on the EU platform work directive (from 2021 to 2024) epitomize long-standing conflicts in EU social policymaking, namely the opposition between capital and labour, on the one hand, and resistance to EU involvement or impact on Member States’ social arran…
Resilient austerity? National economic discourses before the pandemic in the European Union
After the euro crisis, politicization patterns led the institutions of the European Union to gradually redirect the bloc's socioeconomic governance away from austerity. It is less clear whether the erosion of austerity was mirrored in national economic discourses. To fill this gap, this article provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of parliamentary budget debates in four country cases: France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Portugal, fr…
Dissent over the European Constitutional Treaty within the French Socialist Party: Between Response to Anti-Globalization Protest and Intra-Party Tactics
La cristallisation des résistances de gauche à l'intégration européenne: Les logiques de mobilisation dans la campagne référendaire française de 2005
Cet article explique comment de fortes résistances à l’Europe ont pu se cristalliser au sein du Parti socialiste français dans la campagne référendaire de 2005 sur le Traité constitutionnel européen. Dans une perspective historique et institutionnelle, il montre d’abord que les résistances à l’intégration européenne ont, depuis les débuts du projet d’intégration, constitué un élément plus ou moins latent de l’identité doctrinale du parti, élément…
Contre « Bolkestein »: Le Parlement européen entre idéologie et stratégie institutionnelle
Cet article démontre comment, en dépit d’un large consensus sur la nécessaire libéralisation des services, considérée comme la pierre angulaire de la Stratégie de Lisbonne, les détracteurs du projet ont pu obtenir un compromis atténuant de manière significative la portée dérégulatrice du texte. L’étude de la mobilisation des partis politiques de gauche, des syndicats et des altermondialistes d’Attac dans trois pays centraux dans le conflit (Allem…
When ‘Bolkestein’ is trapped by the French anti-liberal discourse: A discursive-institutionalist account of preference formation in the realm of European Union multi-level politics
This paper investigates the bottom-up preference formation over the draft Directive over services liberalization and its impact on co-decision at the EU level from the theoretical perspective of discursive institutionalism. Firstly, it is demonstrated that the anti-liberal discourse framed by the French left led President Chirac to reconfigure his strategic interests and embrace a strongly anti-liberal stance against the proposed directive. Secon…
New Parliament, New Cleavages after the Eastern Enlargement? The Conflict over the Services Directive as an Opposition between the Liberals and the Regulators
This article analyses the parliamentary debates and decision‐making related to the highly contentious EU directive on services. It is intended as a contribution to the academic debate on political conflict lines in the European Parliament. Our argument is that neither the left–right cleavage nor a territorial one (old versus new Member States) can fully explain conflict at stake on socio‐economic issues. Rather, what we can observe is cross‐cutti…
Expliquer l'impuissance partisane dans le policy making européen: Social-démocratie et régulation des services publics
Cet article s’intéresse à la faiblesse des partis politiques dans la formulation des politiques publiques au niveau européen. Il explique l’incapacité du Parti socialiste européen (PSE) à promouvoir une politique européenne des services publics permettant de les protéger des effets négatifs de la politique de concurrence de l’Union. La saillance des clivages nationaux et la volonté des décideurs dans les États membres de préserver les arrangement…
The European Union and its Crises: Through the Eyes of the Brussels' Elite
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A Dialogue of the Deaf? Conflicting Discourses over the EU and Services Liberalisation in the WTO
Research Highlights and Abstract The role of the European Union (EU) in services liberalisation—and the impact thereof on the provision of services of general interest—has been highly contentious both globally and in the EU. Besides other policy issues, services liberalisation contributes to make the EU a ‘conflicted trade power’ ( Meunier and Nicolaïdis 2006 ). The study of conflicting discourses and, in particular, the EU's responsiveness to cr…
Les avatars du néo-libéralisme dans la fabrique des politiques européennes
Ce numéro spécial s’intéresse à l’institutionnalisation des idées néo-libérales dans la fabrique des politiques européennes. L’article introductif invite à considérer que ces idées ne sont pas figées puis déclinées au niveau national, mais qu’il s’agit d’incarnations changeantes (avatars) et négociées du néo-libéralisme, et ce dès la formulation des politiques européennes. Cet article propose une approche centrée sur le travail politique des acte…
Deliberative Democracy and the Legitimacy of the European Union: A Reappraisal of Conflict
Connecting the relevant literature in sociology, political theory and European studies with original empirical research, this article calls for a reappraisal of conflict when addressing the issue of the democratic legitimacy of the European Union. It offers a critical account of rationalistic and consensus-based deliberative democracy both in the classical theories of deliberative democracy and in the practices institutionalised in the EU. Drawin…
The clash of Titans: France, Germany and the discursive double game of EMU reform
This paper investigates why and how French and German leaders converged on an agreement for reforming the European Monetary Union in response to the outbreak of the debt crisis in Europe. To answer these questions, we begin by revising Putnam's two-level game in order to offer a constructivist account of the politics of 'grand bargains' in the European Union. The Eurozone negotiations, we argue, are better viewed as a simultaneous double game in …
Social Policy and the Euro Crisis: Quo Vadis Social Europe
In this study, an international and multidisciplinary team take stock of the promise and shortfalls of 'Social Europe' today, examining the response to the Eurocrisis, the past decade of social policy
Protesting Culture and Economics in Western Europe: New Cleavages in Left and Right Politics
Protesting Culture and Economics in Western Europe impresses by its ambition. It endeavours – and successfully so – to draw the big picture when dealing with one of the most significant as well as
Commission Entrepreneurship and the Debasing of Social Europe Before and After the Eurocrisis
The bulk of the literature on ‘social Europe’ has suggested that social policy at the level of the EU remains to be characterized by the interplay of courts and markets. While we do not disagree with this argument, our objective is to shed light on the European Commission's entrepreneurship, an element which appears to be somewhat bereft of scholarly attention. We show how, by displaying social acuity, defining problems and building teams, the Co…
How to not speak the ‘ F ‐word: Federalism between mirage and imperative in the euro crisis
The recent financial and debt crisis has resuscitated the debate about E uropean federalism – a theme that seemed not to have survived the painful constitutional adventure that ended with the ratification of the L isbon T reaty in 2009. With the adoption of significant policy and institutional measures for tightening macroeconomic and budgetary coordination (including a constitutionally enshrined debt brake), the reforms of the monetary union hav…
Welfare Markets in Europe: The Democratic Challenge of European Integration
This book explores the European welfare model, arguing that the rollout of European policies for welfare services has led to increased marketization. The author argues that the rise of profit-making i
What “Brussels” means by structural reforms: Empty signifier or constructive ambiguity
The connection between parliamentary and extra-parliamentary opposition in the EU. From Acta to the financial crisis
With no formal division between majority and opposition in the parliamentary arena, the European Union (EU) calls for an approach to political opposition which considers the role of civil society. This article explores the case of opposition to the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) within and without the European Parliament (EP) through a political opportunity approach, using the case to reflect on conditions for effective opposition in …
Healthcare Reforms and Fiscal Discipline in Europe: Responsibility or Responsiveness
This paper asks how governments across Europe have responded to the dilemma between financial responsibility and political responsiveness against the background of heightened fiscal pressure. Focusing on the domestic politics of healthcare reforms in four contrasted cases (England, France, Hungary, and Ireland), we investigate how governments frame and legitimize these reforms. We find that references to input legitimacy vary greatly according to…
Macro‐economic coordination and elusive ownership in the European Union
The notion of ownership is well known in relation to global governance. In the realm of EU macro‐economic coordination, it has become a buzzword since the revamping process of the European Semester in 2015. This article investigates how ownership by four types of domestic actors (governments, administrations, parliaments and social partners) manifests itself in the European Semester. We conceptualize three types of ownership, namely institutional…
Unpacking old and new conflicts of sovereignty in the European polity
In the post-Maastricht era, member states of the European Union (EU) have proved increasingly reluctant to transfer further competences to the supranational level and are willing to safeguard their sovereignty. Though the responses to the contemporary multiple crises – related to economic and monetary policy, borders and migrations, or democracy and the rule of law – have brought about conflicts over values and sovereignty losses surrounding the …
In the name of ‘the people’? Popular Sovereignty and the 2015 Greek referendum
This article explores the rise of new conflicts of sovereignty especially with regard to popular sovereignty in the EU polity. It asks whether referenda in the national realm are effective tools to enhance popular sovereignty at supranational level. To elucidate this question, we distinguish between embedded and unilateral referenda. Empirically, the paper focuses on the referendum called by the Greek government on the proposed Memorandum of Unde…
Can Scharpf be proved wrong? Modelling the EU into a competitive social market economy for the next generation
Criticism of the EU’s social deficit has become more vivid than ever following the socially regressive handling of the 2008–10 financial and debt crisis. In 2010, Fritz Scharpf famously argued that the EU ‘cannot be a social market economy’ owing to its institutional architecture, legal features, and collective action issues. The COVID‐19 pandemic has nevertheless led to a new agenda combining investment, social concerns, the green transition and…
The EU's Socioeconomic Governance 10 Years after the Crisis: Muddling through and the Revolt against Austerity
SCOPUS: re.j
Understanding Conflicts of Sovereignty in the EU
Political science (38 works) · Economics (31 works) · Law (30 works) · European Union Policy and Governance (27 works) · Political economy (26 works) · Politics (26 works) · Law (25 works) · European union (20 works) · Social Policy and Reform Studies (20 works) · Sociology (16 works)