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Stephen M Croucher

Biographic Data

ID454092
NAMEStephen M Croucher
GIVEN NAMESStephen M
FAMILY NAMECroucher
SIGNATURECROUCHER S M
AFFILIATIONSMassey University
ORCID0000-0002-7087-2547
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS97
TOTAL CITATIONS153
AUTHOR COUNT95
EDITOR COUNT2
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2006
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2027
H-INDEX6
  • Cultural adaptation of Mainland Chinese migrants in the post-Covid era: A systematic review

    Open Access•Shan Hu, Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2027

  • A Multi-national Analysis of the Relationship Between Assimilation and Bullshit

    Open Access•Stephen M Croucher, Shawn M Condon et al.•ARTICLE•Communication Studies•2026

  • Proposing heightened emotions social media dependency model: Review and extension of media system dependency theory

    Open Access•Kikuko Omori, Joo-Young Jung et al.•ARTICLE•Annals of the International…•2026•References: 18

    This theoretical paper extends Media System Dependency theory to better account for affective dynamics in today’s social media environment. We introduce the Heightened Emotions Social Media Dependency Model to explain how pervasive ambiguity contributes to elevated emotional states, which in turn intensify individuals’ dependency on social media across various goal domains. The model highlights a reciprocal relationship between heightened emotion…

  • Cultural intelligence of native English-speaking teachers in China

    Open Access•Zhidan Zhou, Mingsheng Li et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2026•References: 29

    The globalization of education has underscored the critical role of cultural intelligence (CQ) in teaching and learning, especially for native English-speaking teachers (NESTs) in China. This study explores the impact of CQ on the teaching effectiveness of NESTs and the learning outcomes of Chinese university students. Drawing on semi-structured interviews, this research delves into the challenges and opportunities presented in cross-cultural tea…

  • Language endangerment and the linguistic vitality of Miao in China: Cultural shifts and revitalisation strategies

    Open Access•Mingsheng Li, Stephen M Croucher et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Multilingual and…•2026•Cited by: 1•References: 33

  • Organizational bullshit: A pervasive form of organizational communication

    Stephen M Croucher, Shawn M Condon•ARTICLE•Review of Communication•2025

    Organizational bullshit is a term that has been recently introduced to describe communication without regard for the truth. Researchers exploring this form of communication have found it permeates most aspects of organizational communication. Building off previous work, considering an organization to be a speech community, this study examined the relationship between organizational bullshit and organizational identification. Using a sample of 404…

  • Organizational Culture, Identification, Structurational Divergence, Perceived Immediacy, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors of HBCU Students

    Kenneth Rocker, Kenneth T Rocker et al.•ARTICLE•Howard Journal of Communications•2025

    Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) have long served as culturally affirming institutions for Black students in the United States. However, there is limited research on how various communication practices, along with the unique influence of culture have on student engagement and behavioral outcomes within these institutions. This study investigates the relationships between organizational culture, organizational identification, s…

  • The Co-Cultural Communicative Practices of the Xinyimin in Indonesia

    Open Access•Tommy S Yotes, Elena Maydell et al.•ARTICLE•Communication Studies•2025

    The number of new Chinese migrants (Xinyimin) in Indonesia has been growing steadily in the past decade, with many arriving in the country to work in Chinese businesses, from manufacturing to mining businesses. Using Orbe’s co-cultural framework, this study employed interviews to gain insights from the Xinyimin and found they employ numerous co-cultural communicative practices – nonassertive assimilation, nonassertive accommodation, assertive acc…

  • Perceived immediacy’s mediating effect on the relationship between articulated dissent and structurational divergence

    Stephen M Croucher, Stephanie Kelly et al.•ARTICLE•Communication Research Reports•2025

    This study explored the extent to which perceived immediacy mediated the relationship between articulated dissent and structurational divergence. Based on a sample of 350 working adults, the results reveal that perceived immediacy does mediate this relationship. Specifically, perceived immediacy mitigates the effects of structurational divergence on articulated dissent. This is an important finding since immediate supervisors may not always posse…

  • An investigation of organizational communication citizenship behaviors of faculty and staff at historically black colleges and universities

    Open Access•Kenneth Rocker, Kenneth T Rocker et al.•ARTICLE•Communication Quarterly•2025

    Drawing on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and structurational divergence (SD), this study (n = 190) observes how SD and demographic variables predict OCBs among faculty and staff at historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs). Stepwise regression revealed significant predictors for several OCB factors: salary, age, and tenure for conscientiousness; SD, age, and tenure for sportsmanship; salary for civic virtue; salary and atte…

  • Health Information Search During Covid-19: Does Culture Matter

    Stephen M Croucher, Stephen Croucher et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Intercultural…•2025

    This paper focuses on the aspects of intersection between the COVID-19 pandemic, Google search queries, and cultural dimensions of countries. Google Trend indices of 138 countries were collected for the topic “coronavirus” and analyzed to identify the determinants of abnormal health search intensity. Registered cases of COVID-19 in a country did not predict search patterns, yet deaths registered within a country did increase health search intensi…

  • The acculturation tendencies of Filipino migrant workers in New Zealand

    Open Access•Lenis Aislinn C Separa, Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Journal of International and…•2025•Cited by: 1•References: 26

  • Covid-19 fear and ethnocentrism in the global south: A cross-cultural analysis

    Open Access•Stephen M Croucher, Douglas Ashwell et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2025•References: 2

  • Introduction to themed issue on adaptation and communication

    Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Review of Communication•2024

    Within the field of communication studies, the process of adaptation is a paramount concern for intercultural/cross-cultural researchers. Scholars have produced a rich body of research exploring ho

  • Introduction to themed issue on dissent and communication

    Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Review of Communication•2024

    “Dissent” can be both a noun and a verb. The Cambridge Dictionary defines the noun, dissent, as a “strong difference of opinion; disagreement esp. about official decisions,” “a legal opinion by a j

  • Conflict styles within individualistic, low power distance, and low context nations: A four nation comparison

    Open Access•Stephen M Croucher, Stephanie Kelly et al.•ARTICLE•Communication Research Reports•2024

    This study compared conflict styles approaches of four nations with similar cultural dimensions. Prior literature assumes similar cultural dimensions produce similar approaches to conflict. Four nations were examined: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. Results reveal the conflict approaches of individuals from these nations differ despite similar cultural dimensions. In addition, the four nations scored relatively high on solu…

  • Cross-cultural measurement validation: An analysis of dissent, workplace freedom of speech, and perceived immediacy

    Open Access•Stephen M Croucher, Stephanie Kelly et al.•ARTICLE•Communication Research Reports•2024

    Croucher and Kelly (2019) laid out guidelines to develop measures that can be used across cultures. The present study provides support for their guidelines, indicating that pancultural measurements cannot be behavioral and should not include unnecessary contexts; however, they should be worded as simplistically as possible. This study utilizes measures of dissent, perceived immediacy, and workplace freedom of speech in Australia, Canada, New Zeal…

  • Prejudice toward the Xinyimin in Indonesia: Testing the integrated threat model

    Open Access•Tommy S Yotes, Tommy Yotes et al.•ARTICLE•Communication Research Reports•2024

    China’s Belt and Road Initiative has galvanized new Chinese migration to Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. The presence of the new Chinese migrants (Xinyimin) has not gone without resistance in Indonesia. This study examines the effects of history of intergroup conflicts and contact on the formation of threat perceptions toward the Xinyimin in Indonesia. The findings revealed both history of conflicts and contact predict realistic threat and h…

  • A comparison of the relationship between extraversion and argumentativeness in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand

    Open Access•Stephen M Croucher, Tommy S Yotes et al.•ARTICLE•Communication Research Reports•2024

    The association between argumentativeness and extraversion, while well established in the United States, has not been examined cross-culturally.Therefore, this study conducts a crosscultural comparison of this association with nationally representative samples from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States.The results confirm previous research in the U.S. and showed U.S. participants scored highest on tendency to approach arguments an…

  • A longitudinal analysis of communication traits: Communication apprehension, willingness to communicate, and self-perceived communication competence

    Open Access•Stephen M Croucher, Stephanie Kelly et al.•ARTICLE•Communication Quarterly•2024

    This longitudinal study assessed the communication apprehension, willingness to communicate, and self-perceived communication competence for a group of participants across a 15-year span. In total, 220 of 237 participants completed the 15-year project. The data represent six time points, with data collections happening once every three years. The results show that meeting communication apprehension, dyadic communication apprehension, public commu…

  • How did New Zealanders decide to get vaccinated against Covid-19? Developing a novel comprehensive model of vaccination intention

    Open Access•Diyako Rahmani, Phoebe Fletcher et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Applied Communication…•2024

    This research introduces and validates the Comprehensive Model of Vaccination Intention (CMVI) to offer a holistic understanding of COVID-19 vaccination uptake in New Zealand. The CMVI excels by presenting a highly explanatory model, incorporating trust in the government's vaccination policy along with and a spectrum of social, cognitive, contextual, and affective variables from theories of Interpersonal Behavior, Planned Behavior, and Health Bel…

  • Organizational Commitment and Burnout During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Analysis in the United States and New Zealand

    Open Access•Stephen M Croucher, Kenneth Rocker et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Intercultural…•2024

    This study examined the link between organizational commitment (OC) and burnout during COVID-19 in New Zealand and the United States. Results revealed OC and burnout differed between the U.S. and New Zealand. In addition, the correlations between OC and the dimensions of burnout differed between the nations, particularly on issues linked with emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment. These results point to the influence of lockdowns and o…

  • A Multi-Nation Validation Portfolio for a Willingness to Communicate Measure

    Stephanie Kelly, Stephen M Croucher et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Intercultural…•2024

    The purpose of this paper was to develop a new willingness to communicate measure that could be used cross-culturally. This paper first examines the factor structure of the existing willingness to communicate measure and determines that it no longer maintains factor structure. Then, it proposes items for a new measure, which it tests in samples in the U.S. New Zealand, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Turkey. A new four-item measure is supported by the da…

  • Navigating English Language Instruction in China: Insights from Chinese Students on Native English-Speaking Teachers’ Practices

    Zhidan Zhou, Stephen M Croucher et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Intercultural…•2024

    This study uses the instructional beliefs model to analyse Chinese students’ perceptions of classes taught by Native English-Speaking Teachers (NESTs). Forty-five Chinese students from 12 universities in southwestern China participated in the semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate pedagogical practices were perceived positively for practical language application but criticized for culturally incompatible pedagogical practices. Instruct…

  • An integrated threat theory analysis of latent tension between native Indonesians and Chinese Indonesians

    Open Access•Tommy S Yotes, Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Journal of International and…•2024•References: 23

Next
  • Integrated Threat Theory and Acceptance of Immigrant Assimilation: An Analysis of Muslim Immigration in Western Europe

    Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Communication Monographs•2012•Cited by: 46•References: 8

    This study explores whether a threat from an immigrant group is related to members of a dominant culture believing immigrants do not want to assimilate. As Muslim immigration to Europe has rapidly increased in the past 20 years, Muslim immigrants were used as the example of immigrants during data collection. Data were collected in France (n=162), Germany (n=111), and the United Kingdom (n=159). Threat was measured using a collection of instrument…

  • Cultural fusion theory: An alternative to acculturation

    Stephen M Croucher, Eric M Kramer et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of International and…•2016•Cited by: 18•References: 25

    This article lays out a theoretical framework for cultural fusion theory. This theory borrows from various theoretical frameworks to provide a more realistic description of the immigrant experience. Specifically, cultural fusion theory describes how newcomers acculturate into the dominant culture and maintain aspects of their minority culture, while at the same time the dominant or host culture also fuses aspects off the newcomer’s culture into t…

  • Social Networking and Cultural Adaptation: A Theoretical Model

    Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Journal of International and…•2011•Cited by: 18•References: 4

    This paper demonstrates a theoretical model for the influence of social networking on cultural adaptation. Through the integration of cultivation theory and ethnic group vitality, this model proposes social networking affects immigrants’ interactions with the dominant culture as well as in-group communication

  • A Longitudinal Test of the Effects of Facebook on Cultural Adaptation

    Stephen M Croucher, Diyako Rahmani•ARTICLE•Journal of International and…•2015•Cited by: 8•References: 20

    The present study is a longitudinal examination of the role of Facebook on the cultural adaptation of Muslim immigrants to the United States (n = 379). Immigrants’ use of Facebook affects interactions with the dominant culture and with the ingroup. Respondents were asked about their use of Facebook, motivation to culturally adapt, and perceptions of the US at two different points in a 6-year period. Analysis revealed that Muslim immigrants to the…

  • Perceived threat and prejudice towards immigrants in Finland: A study among early, middle, and late Finnish adolescents

    Elvis Nshom, Stephen M Croucher et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of International and…•2017•Cited by: 7•References: 16

    Using integrated threat theory, this study examined how perceived threat, or fear of immigrants, manifests among early, middle, and late Finnish adolescents, and the relationship between perceived threat and prejudice among early, middle, and late adolescents. The sample consisted of 795 Finnish adolescents between 11 and 19 years of age. Realistic and symbolic threats were the most perceived threats and were more prevalent among late adolescents…

  • Further development of integrated threat theory and intergroup contact: A reply to Aberson (2015)

    Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Communication Monographs•2016•Cited by: 7•References: 5

    This essay furthers a dialogue about the theoretical and statistical merits of Croucher's [(2013). Integrated threat theory and acceptance of immigrant assimilation: An analysis of Muslim immigration in Western Europe. Communication Monographs, 80, 46–62] study exploring the relationships between threat from an immigrant group, belief that an immigrant wants to assimilate, and intergroup contact. Key points of divergence include assertions that (…

  • Acculturation preferences towards immigrants: Age and gender differences among Finnish adolescents

    Open Access•Elvis Nshom, Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•International Journal of…•2018•Cited by: 6•References: 26

  • Threats and attitudes toward Russian-speaking immigrants: A comparative study between younger and older Finns

    Elvis Nshom, Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Russian Journal of Communication•2014•Cited by: 6•References: 6

    Using integrated threat theory as a theoretical lens to detect negative attitudes toward minority groups, this study compares and contrasts the perceptions and attitudes of older and younger Finns toward Russian-speaking minorities in Finland. A sample of high school students between 16 and 20 years of age represented the younger generation, while individuals over 65 years of age represented the older generation. The total sample was 242. Results…

  • Basque Nationalism and the Spiral of Silence: An Analysis of Public Perceptions of ETA in Spain and France

    Open Access•Anthony Spencer, Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•International Communication Gazette•2008•Cited by: 5•References: 26

    This study represents a test of the spiral of silence theory across national boundaries regarding the Basque separatist group, ETA. Approximately 200 participants were surveyed for this study in France and Spain. The study found a stronger spiral of silence effect the closer participants were to the Basque homeland both geographically and culturally. This test of the spiral of silence is consistent with previous research in finding a need for cro…

  • The Influence of Religiosity and Ethnic Identification on Media Use Among Muslims and Non-Muslims in France and Britain

    Stephen M Croucher, Deepa Oommen et al.•ARTICLE•Mass Communication & Society•2010•Cited by: 4•References: 17

    This is an examination of the ethnic media use of French and British Muslims. A total of 677 Muslims participated in the study. Analysis reveals being an immigrant or a native of a nation does not significantly influence ethnic media use in France but does in Britain. Ethnic identification was also revealed as an influential predictor of ethnic media use among Muslims in France but not in Britain. Religiosity significantly predicted ethnic media …

  • An exploratory study on the attitudes of elderly Finns towards Russian-speaking minorities

    Elvis Nshom, Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Journal of International and…•2018•Cited by: 3•References: 9

    Research has shown Russian speakers in Finland are often victims of prejudice and discrimination. Utilizing integrated threat theory, this study investigated the extent to which threats are significant predictors of prejudice towards Russian speakers in Finland among a highly neglected research population – the elderly. This study also aimed at finding out which threat (realistic threat, symbolic threat, and negative stereotyping) was the most si…

  • Host Culture Acceptance, Religiosity, and the Threat of Muslim Immigration An Integrated Threat Analysis in Spain

    Open Access•Stephen M Croucher, Flora Galy-Badenas et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Intercultural…•2014•Cited by: 3•References: 5

    This study explores the intricate relationships between a dominant group’s fear of an immigrant group, religiosity, and the dominant culture’s perception of if an immigrant group is motivated to culturally adapt. Specifically, Muslim immigration to Spain was analyzed. The study found the following: 1) threat from an immigrant group was negatively correlated with perception of immigrant motivation to adapt, 2) highly religious members of the domin…

  • A comparative analysis of Covid-19-related prejudice: The United States, Spain, Italy, and New Zealand

    Stephen M Croucher, Thao Nguyen et al.•ARTICLE•Communication Research Reports•2021•Cited by: 2•References: 3

    Following the global outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), different countries took different approaches to informing their citizens about the pandemic and planned local public health initiatives. We use online participant panels in 4 affected countries – the US, Spain, Italy, and New Zealand – to explore the extent to which prejudice to Asian ethnic groups differed in these countries during the first wave of the pandemic. We argue tha…

  • Re-entry Cultural Adaptation of Foreign-Educated Academics at Chinese Universities

    Open Access•Mingsheng Li, Stephen M Croucher et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Intercultural…•2020•Cited by: 2•References: 3

    This study investigates the re-entry acculturative experiences and challenges facing foreign-educated returnees working at Chinese universities. Fifteen returnees from five universities in a southwestern province of China participated in semi-structured interviews. The study, using the ABC theoretical framework, highlights the acculturative process of returned academics in terms of role expectations, transformed identities, and cultural learning.…

  • Social Desirability Bias among Prejudice Instruments An Integrated Threat

    Open Access•Stephen M Croucher, Elvis Nshom et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Intercultural…•2019•Cited by: 2•References: 5

    A considerable amount of research has examined the extent to which members of dominant cultures perceive minority groups as threatening their way of life. While various instruments measure these perceptions of threat, few researchers have empirically analysed the statistical properties of these scales. Specifically, studies have not adequately explored social desirability of threat scales. The current study investigates the extent to which one se…

  • Communication Apprehension, Self-Perceived Communication Competence, and Willingness to Communicate: A French Analysis

    Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Journal of International and…•2013•Cited by: 2•References: 6

    This study explored the extent to which cultural variables, specifically religious identity and individualism/collectivism, related to communicative traits in France. Communication apprehension (CA), self-perceived communication competence (SPCC), and willingness to communicate (WTC) were examined among self-identified Catholics and Muslims (n=533). Correlation analysis revealed that CA is negatively correlated with both SPCC and WTC, whereas SPC…

  • Prejudice toward American Muslims: An Integrated Threat Analysis

    Open Access•Stephen M Croucher, Dini Homsey et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Intercultural…•2013•Cited by: 2•References: 5

    This study explores prejudice toward American Muslims. Prejudice is conceptualized using Stephan and Stephan’s integrated threat theory (ITT). ITT identifies four kinds of threat that can lead to prejudice: realistic threats, symbolic threats, stereotypes, and intergroup anxiety. Data were gathered in the United States (N = 281) among self-identified Christians. Findings confirm: 1) a positive correlation between real and symbolic threats, and st…

  • French-Muslim Reactions to the Law Banning Religious Symbols in Schools: A Mixed Methods Analysis

    Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Journal of International and…•2009•Cited by: 2•References: 14

    This study is a mixed methods analysis of how French-Muslims respond to a French law banning the wearing of religious symbols in French public schools. In summer 2007, 356 French-Muslims were surveyed, and 20 of those Muslims were interviewed for this analysis. The statistical analysis reveals religiosity to be a significant predictor of French-Muslims' negative sentiment toward la Loi 2004-228, the ban on the wearing of religious symbols in Fren…

  • All the Children are Above Average: Parents' Perceptions of Education and Materialism as Media Effects on their Own and Other Children

    Patrick Meirick, Jeanetta D Sims et al.•ARTICLE•Mass Communication & Society•2009•Cited by: 2•References: 17

    Recent research shows parents manifest parental third-person perceptions on behalf of their children; that is, they believe their children are less affected by media sex and violence than other children. This study (N = 171) found parental third-person perceptions for materialism effects of television and parental first-person perceptions for advanced educational effects of public television. Perceptions of materialism effects on one's own and ot…

  • Language endangerment and the linguistic vitality of Miao in China: Cultural shifts and revitalisation strategies

    Open Access•Mingsheng Li, Stephen M Croucher et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Multilingual and…•2026•Cited by: 1•References: 33

  • The acculturation tendencies of Filipino migrant workers in New Zealand

    Open Access•Lenis Aislinn C Separa, Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Journal of International and…•2025•Cited by: 1•References: 26

  • A multi-national validity analysis of the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA-24)

    Stephen M Croucher, Stephanie Kelly et al.•ARTICLE•Annals of the International…•2019•Cited by: 1•References: 9

    Methodological issues abound when conducting cross-cultural research. In this manuscript we discuss three methodological issues present in many cross-cultural communication studies: lack of geographic diversity, reliability, and validity. To explore these issues the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA-24) is assessed. The PRCA-24 serves as an exemplar of a US-designed and -validated measure frequently used outside the US without t…

  • A multi-national validity analysis of the self-perceived communication competence scale

    Stephen M Croucher, Stephanie Kelly et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of International and…•2019•Cited by: 1•References: 3

    The self-perceived communication competence (SPCC) measure has been used in over 50 published studies since 2000. McCroskey and McCroskey (1988. Self-report as an approach to measuring communication competence. Communication Research Reports, 5, 108–113. doi: 10.1080/08824098809359810) developed the measure to be used within the US college/university classroom. Despite its intended use, the measure is frequently used outside of the US and outside…

  • An exploratory analysis of argumentativeness in Kyrgyzstan

    Talgat Subanaliev, Stephen M Croucher et al.•ARTICLE•Russian Journal of Communication•2018•Cited by: 1•References: 8

    More than three decades of research on argumentativeness demonstrates that different cultures value differently this aspect of communication. Studies have evaluated levels of argumentativeness in numerous national cultures. This is the first study to explore levels of argumentativeness in Kyrgyzstan. Along with exploring the position of Kyrgyzstan on the argumentativeness continuum, this study also explores the validity and reliability of the Arg…

  • An exploration of organization dissent and workplace freedom of speech among young professional intra-urban migrants in Shanghai

    Cheng Zeng, Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Journal of International and…•2017•Cited by: 1•References: 12

    This study explores the factors influencing the dissent behavior and perceptions of workplace freedom of speech among young Chinese professionals who are intra-urban migrants. It attempts to grasp the role of the Chinese household registration system, referred to as Hukou, in migrants’ professional and everyday life. Fourteen interviews were conducted with young, well-educated intra-urban migrants who possessed middle-income jobs but did not poss…

  • The Impact of External Pressures on an Ethnic Community: The Case of Montréal's Quartier Chinois and Muslim-French Immigrants

    Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Journal of Intercultural…•2006

    This article examines how a community responds to external pressures to adapt culturally to a dominant cultural/political paradigm. Interviews were conducted in Montreal, Canada in 2003 and in France in 2005. In Montreal interviews were conducted among Chinese shopkeepers residing in Montreal's Chinatown, or Quartier Chinois. In France interviews were conducted with Muslims in various ummahs, or Muslim communities in France. The results of the in…

  • French-Muslims and the Hijab: An Analysis of Identity and the Islamic Veil in France

    Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Journal of Intercultural…•2008

    This article examines how Muslims living in France construct, and negotiate their identities in the wake of Law 2004–228, a French law banning the wearing of the Islamic veil in French public schools. This research finds that Muslims deem the Islamic veil or hijab to be a fundamental part of their identity. Muslims describe the hijab as being an important and salient symbol of Islam that runs counter to France's concept of secularism or laïcité. …

  • Basque Nationalism and the Spiral of Silence: An Analysis of Public Perceptions of ETA in Spain and France

    Open Access•Anthony Spencer, Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•International Communication Gazette•2008•Cited by: 5•References: 26

    This study represents a test of the spiral of silence theory across national boundaries regarding the Basque separatist group, ETA. Approximately 200 participants were surveyed for this study in France and Spain. The study found a stronger spiral of silence effect the closer participants were to the Basque homeland both geographically and culturally. This test of the spiral of silence is consistent with previous research in finding a need for cro…

  • An Examination of Media Usage among French-Muslims

    Stephen M Croucher, Deepa Oommen et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Intercultural…•2009

    Media help in the formation of identity. For ethnic communities, ethnic media can play a dual role, aiding in the acculturation process and assisting in holding onto ethnic identities. This study examines media and identity negotiation. Specifically, this study analyzes differences in media usage among French-Muslims. The principal researcher interviewed 42 first and second generation French-Muslims to explore their media usage and the relationsh…

  • Organizational Dissent and Argumentativeness: A Comparative Analysis between American and Indian Organizations

    Stephen M Croucher, Ramune Braziunaite et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Intercultural…•2009

    Individuals were recruited from India (1111) and the United States (1087) to complete a survey analyzing the relationship between organizational dissent and argumentativeness. Correlation analysis revealed contrary to previous research, argumentativeness and the three types of organizational dissent were not positively correlated. Hierarchical regression modeling illustrated nationality to have a significant effect on the relationship between arg…

  • French-Muslim Reactions to the Law Banning Religious Symbols in Schools: A Mixed Methods Analysis

    Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Journal of International and…•2009•Cited by: 2•References: 14

    This study is a mixed methods analysis of how French-Muslims respond to a French law banning the wearing of religious symbols in French public schools. In summer 2007, 356 French-Muslims were surveyed, and 20 of those Muslims were interviewed for this analysis. The statistical analysis reveals religiosity to be a significant predictor of French-Muslims' negative sentiment toward la Loi 2004-228, the ban on the wearing of religious symbols in Fren…

  • All the Children are Above Average: Parents' Perceptions of Education and Materialism as Media Effects on their Own and Other Children

    Patrick Meirick, Jeanetta D Sims et al.•ARTICLE•Mass Communication & Society•2009•Cited by: 2•References: 17

    Recent research shows parents manifest parental third-person perceptions on behalf of their children; that is, they believe their children are less affected by media sex and violence than other children. This study (N = 171) found parental third-person perceptions for materialism effects of television and parental first-person perceptions for advanced educational effects of public television. Perceptions of materialism effects on one's own and ot…

  • Demographic and Religious Differences in the Dimensions of Self-Disclosure Among Hindus and Muslims in India

    Stephen M Croucher, L Faulkner et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Intercultural…•2010

    This paper discusses a survey, carried out by the authors, of Hindu and Muslim men and women in six Indian states to determine if social/cultural identities influenced self-disclosure. Specifically, an individual's sex, religious, and state identity were investigated. Results indicated that across religions, women disclosed more than men. Comparisons based on religious identification and state of birth revealed significant differences between Hin…

  • The Influence of Religiosity and Ethnic Identification on Media Use Among Muslims and Non-Muslims in France and Britain

    Stephen M Croucher, Deepa Oommen et al.•ARTICLE•Mass Communication & Society•2010•Cited by: 4•References: 17

    This is an examination of the ethnic media use of French and British Muslims. A total of 677 Muslims participated in the study. Analysis reveals being an immigrant or a native of a nation does not significantly influence ethnic media use in France but does in Britain. Ethnic identification was also revealed as an influential predictor of ethnic media use among Muslims in France but not in Britain. Religiosity significantly predicted ethnic media …

  • Social Networking and Cultural Adaptation: A Theoretical Model

    Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Journal of International and…•2011•Cited by: 18•References: 4

    This paper demonstrates a theoretical model for the influence of social networking on cultural adaptation. Through the integration of cultivation theory and ethnic group vitality, this model proposes social networking affects immigrants’ interactions with the dominant culture as well as in-group communication

  • Integrated Threat Theory and Acceptance of Immigrant Assimilation: An Analysis of Muslim Immigration in Western Europe

    Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Communication Monographs•2012•Cited by: 46•References: 8

    This study explores whether a threat from an immigrant group is related to members of a dominant culture believing immigrants do not want to assimilate. As Muslim immigration to Europe has rapidly increased in the past 20 years, Muslim immigrants were used as the example of immigrants during data collection. Data were collected in France (n=162), Germany (n=111), and the United Kingdom (n=159). Threat was measured using a collection of instrument…

  • The relationship between communication apprehension and linguistic fluency: An analysis of North African and Russian immigrants in France

    Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Russian Journal of Communication•2013•Cited by: 1•References: 4

    North African and Russian immigrants in France were recruited (334) to complete a survey investigating the relationships between communication apprehension (CA) and linguistic fluency. Correlation analysis revealed a negative relationship between linguistic fluency in the dominant language and CA, meaning individuals who are fluent in the dominant language tend to be less apprehensive. Moreover, independent samples t-tests revealed Russian immigr…

  • Communication Apprehension, Self-Perceived Communication Competence, and Willingness to Communicate: A French Analysis

    Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Journal of International and…•2013•Cited by: 2•References: 6

    This study explored the extent to which cultural variables, specifically religious identity and individualism/collectivism, related to communicative traits in France. Communication apprehension (CA), self-perceived communication competence (SPCC), and willingness to communicate (WTC) were examined among self-identified Catholics and Muslims (n=533). Correlation analysis revealed that CA is negatively correlated with both SPCC and WTC, whereas SPC…

  • Prejudice toward American Muslims: An Integrated Threat Analysis

    Open Access•Stephen M Croucher, Dini Homsey et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Intercultural…•2013•Cited by: 2•References: 5

    This study explores prejudice toward American Muslims. Prejudice is conceptualized using Stephan and Stephan’s integrated threat theory (ITT). ITT identifies four kinds of threat that can lead to prejudice: realistic threats, symbolic threats, stereotypes, and intergroup anxiety. Data were gathered in the United States (N = 281) among self-identified Christians. Findings confirm: 1) a positive correlation between real and symbolic threats, and st…

  • Threats and attitudes toward Russian-speaking immigrants: A comparative study between younger and older Finns

    Elvis Nshom, Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Russian Journal of Communication•2014•Cited by: 6•References: 6

    Using integrated threat theory as a theoretical lens to detect negative attitudes toward minority groups, this study compares and contrasts the perceptions and attitudes of older and younger Finns toward Russian-speaking minorities in Finland. A sample of high school students between 16 and 20 years of age represented the younger generation, while individuals over 65 years of age represented the older generation. The total sample was 242. Results…

  • Host Culture Acceptance, Religiosity, and the Threat of Muslim Immigration An Integrated Threat Analysis in Spain

    Open Access•Stephen M Croucher, Flora Galy-Badenas et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Intercultural…•2014•Cited by: 3•References: 5

    This study explores the intricate relationships between a dominant group’s fear of an immigrant group, religiosity, and the dominant culture’s perception of if an immigrant group is motivated to culturally adapt. Specifically, Muslim immigration to Spain was analyzed. The study found the following: 1) threat from an immigrant group was negatively correlated with perception of immigrant motivation to adapt, 2) highly religious members of the domin…

  • A Longitudinal Test of the Effects of Facebook on Cultural Adaptation

    Stephen M Croucher, Diyako Rahmani•ARTICLE•Journal of International and…•2015•Cited by: 8•References: 20

    The present study is a longitudinal examination of the role of Facebook on the cultural adaptation of Muslim immigrants to the United States (n = 379). Immigrants’ use of Facebook affects interactions with the dominant culture and with the ingroup. Respondents were asked about their use of Facebook, motivation to culturally adapt, and perceptions of the US at two different points in a 6-year period. Analysis revealed that Muslim immigrants to the…

  • A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Communication Apprehension A Comparison of Three European Nations

    Open Access•Stephen M Croucher, Mélodine Sommier et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Intercultural…•2015•Cited by: 1•References: 8

    Data from England, Finland, and Germany were used to explore national differences in communication apprehension (CA). Based on the traditions of oral communication training in each nation, and the history of cross-cultural comparisons in CA, it was proposed that national differences would emerge. English participants scored lower than Finnish and German participants on totalCA, publicCA, dyadicCA, and meetingCA; Finnish participants scored higher…

  • Cultural fusion theory: An alternative to acculturation

    Stephen M Croucher, Eric M Kramer et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of International and…•2016•Cited by: 18•References: 25

    This article lays out a theoretical framework for cultural fusion theory. This theory borrows from various theoretical frameworks to provide a more realistic description of the immigrant experience. Specifically, cultural fusion theory describes how newcomers acculturate into the dominant culture and maintain aspects of their minority culture, while at the same time the dominant or host culture also fuses aspects off the newcomer’s culture into t…

  • Men and women in positions of responsibility - A qualitative analysis of organizational readiness in France and Finland

    Open Access•Flora Galy-Badenas, Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Journal of Intercultural…•2016•References: 6

    This paper examines whether male and female managers hold different opinion on women in managerial and higher level positions, depending on their different cultural background. Furthermore, the paper deals with managers’ perception of organizational readiness to accept women in managerial positions. The paper is looking at this aspect from a cultural perspective, by comparing France to Finland. The research is based on 16 interviews, 9 from Franc…

  • Communication Apprehension, Self-Perceived Communication Competence, and Willingness to Communication in Singapore

    Open Access•Stephen M Croucher, Dale Hample et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Intercultural…•2016•References: 3

    Based in the assertion that different cultures value aspects of communication differently, this study explored the position of Singapore on the continuum of communication apprehension (CA), self-perceived communication competence (SPCC), and willingness to communicate (WTC). Responses were obtained from 209 self-identified ethnic-Chinese born in Singapore and 105 Malay immigrants. The results revealed ethnic-Chinese to have low self-reported CA, …

  • Further development of integrated threat theory and intergroup contact: A reply to Aberson (2015)

    Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Communication Monographs•2016•Cited by: 7•References: 5

    This essay furthers a dialogue about the theoretical and statistical merits of Croucher's [(2013). Integrated threat theory and acceptance of immigrant assimilation: An analysis of Muslim immigration in Western Europe. Communication Monographs, 80, 46–62] study exploring the relationships between threat from an immigrant group, belief that an immigrant wants to assimilate, and intergroup contact. Key points of divergence include assertions that (…

  • Bringing International Perspectives to the Communication Curriculum in an Era of Globalization

    Stephen M Croucher, Stephen Croucher•ARTICLE•Journal of Intercultural…•2017

    s due: July 1, 2017Inivitations to submit full manuscripts: August 1, 2017Initial submissions due: November 1, 2017Acceptance/revision notices: January 1, 2018Revised submissions due: Febru

  • Global Perspectives on Intercultural Communication

    Stephen M Croucher•BOOK•Global Perspectives on…•2017

  • An exploration of organization dissent and workplace freedom of speech among young professional intra-urban migrants in Shanghai

    Cheng Zeng, Stephen M Croucher•ARTICLE•Journal of International and…•2017•Cited by: 1•References: 12

    This study explores the factors influencing the dissent behavior and perceptions of workplace freedom of speech among young Chinese professionals who are intra-urban migrants. It attempts to grasp the role of the Chinese household registration system, referred to as Hukou, in migrants’ professional and everyday life. Fourteen interviews were conducted with young, well-educated intra-urban migrants who possessed middle-income jobs but did not poss…

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