William O'Brien
Biographic Data
| ID | 4544965 |
|---|---|
| NAME | William O'Brien |
| GIVEN NAMES | William |
| FAMILY NAME | O'Brien |
| SIGNATURE | BRIEN W O |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 18 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 31 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 18 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1950 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Beyond density: Examining overlooked drivers of housing and neighborhood greenhouse gas emissions
Life cycle assessment was used to calculate housing and neighborhood GHG emissions. • Embodied and operational GHG impacts of the built environment are estimated. • Detached houses are more GHG intensive per capita than denser housing built forms. • GHG emissions are associated with built environment and socioeconomic characteristics. The built form of housing impacts virtually all infrastructure provision and lifestyle choices, particularly dail…
Hillforts, Warfare and Society in Bronze Age Ireland
Iberia and The Western Mediterranean
The Iberian Peninsula is one the most mineralized parts of Europe, with a long history of metal mining from prehistoric and Roman to modern times. The earliest evidence for copper metallurgy dates to the fifth millennium BC; however, distinctive Chalcolithic metalworking traditions did not emerge in most regions until 3000 BC onwards. There are widespread occurrences of copper mineralization in Spain and Portugal, including many areas with deposi…
Europe: The Birthplace of Mining?
The origins of mining extend back several million years to when the first hominines in Africa, and subsequently in Europe and Asia, used their bare hands to collect loose rock to make stone tools. This gradually evolved into the systematic collection of rocks with desired properties, as well as an interest in earth minerals such as iron ochre. A desire for these substances led in some cases to more organized collection, involving surface quarryin…
Northern Europe
Copper objects first circulated in Britain and Ireland around 2500 BC, thus beginning a short-lived Chalcolithic that ended with the rapid adoption of tin-bronze metallurgy after 2100 BC. Both islands have numerous sources of copper; however, these orebodies are not evenly distributed, nor were they all accessible to the prehistoric miner. This is part of the explanation why certain regions developed a strong tradition of copper mining that laste…
France and The Western Alps
The use of copper was first established in the western Alps during the late fifth/ early fourth millennia BC. There were several metal-using groups in what is now modern Switzerland during the fourth millennium, including the Cortaillod and Pfyn cultures, followed in the third millennium BC by groups of the Saône-Rhône culture (Strahm 1994). The first direct evidence of copper production, however, only dates from the Late Bronze Age. This is base…
Technology and Work Practices
The production of copper in prehistory was a complex undertaking, involving a sequence of inter-related activities that required specialist knowledge and informed organization. The operation of early copper mines demanded a long-term commitment that had important implications for the societies in question. There are obvious parallels with modern mining in terms of the multi-stage nature of the process, from the initial search for copper ores to t…
South-East Europe
Copper was the first metal used by humans, a practice that began at different times in various parts of the world. The earliest evidence comes from the Near East around 10,000 years ago, when some early farming communities started to experiment with surface finds of native copper. Initially collected for their golden colour, it was soon discovered that these small pieces of pure copper could be cold-hammered into desired shapes, making them diffe…
Central and Eastern Europe
This survey of prehistoric copper mines in Europe began with the oldest known examples, namely Rudna Glava and Ai Bunar in the Balkans. It is now time to consider some of the largest Bronze Age mines, which were major producers of copper that influenced its supply across large parts of the continent. Much of the focus is on Austria, where the earliest scientific investigations of early copper mines were undertaken in Europe. The earliest use of c…
Eastern and Central Mediterranean
Copper objects first circulated on the Greek mainland during the fifth millennium BC and shortly after in the islands of the southern Aegean (Zachos 2007). The earliest metalwork of Late Neolithic date comprised small objects such as awls, beads, and bracelets. Metal use gradually expanded during the Chalcolithic stage that followed, with production of larger items such as axeheads. There are parallels with the development of early metallurgy in …
Mining, Economy, and Society
The opening chapter of this book considered different factors that influenced the availability of copper resources in prehistory. While geological distribution and technological expertise were critical, consideration must also be given to the wider societal context of production. The operation of early mines must be explained in terms of access to ore deposits and the desire and ability of different population groups to become involved in primary…
Mining, Community, and Environment
The previous chapters in this book have reviewed the extensive research carried out on prehistoric copper mines in Europe. Numerous site investigations provide detailed information on the geological setting of these mines and the types of ore minerals extracted. The same studies yield important insights into methods of rock extraction, ore beneficiation, and smelting, and the overall organization of those activities. Building on this solid base o…
Prehistoric Copper Mining in Europe: 5500-500 Bc
This volume examines prehistoric copper mining in Europe, from the first use of the metal eight thousand years ago in the Balkans to its widespread adoption during the Bronze Age. The history of research is examined, as is the survival of this mining archaeology in different geological settings. There is information on the technological processes of mineral prospecting, ore extraction, and metal production, as well as the logistics and organizati…
Experience of a pediatric HIV clinic in Guatemala City
Pediatric HIV/AIDS is present in all parts of Guatemala. Programs to prevent mother to child transmission and to provide appropriate treatment to families living with HIV/AIDS must be a public health priority
The Bronze Age Copper Mines of the Goleen Area, Co. Cork
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature - Volume 103C, Number 2, 2003
Did the Jennison Case Outlaw Slavery in Massachusetts
JN his Outline of History, H. G. Wells lists only two events between I780 and I787: the Treaty of Paris and a decision of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts declaring slavery unconstitutional in that state.' Within the past century historians and legal scholars have frequently discussed this decision and, although there are many discrepancies among these accounts, they all agree that the date of the case was either I78i or I783 and that …
Justice Cushing's Undelivered Speech on the Federal Constitution
W T THEN on January 9, I788, the Massachusetts delegates gathered in convention at Boston to ratify or reject the recently drafted national Constitution, the most frightening portent for the Federalists was the governor's gout. recurrence of this chronic affliction meant that his excellency, the influential John Hancock, would be unable to lend the moral support of his mere presence. This in itself was enough to disappoint those who had hoped tha…
National Police Automobile Directory
Prehistoric Copper Mining in Europe: 5500-500 Bc
This volume examines prehistoric copper mining in Europe, from the first use of the metal eight thousand years ago in the Balkans to its widespread adoption during the Bronze Age. The history of research is examined, as is the survival of this mining archaeology in different geological settings. There is information on the technological processes of mineral prospecting, ore extraction, and metal production, as well as the logistics and organizati…
Hillforts, Warfare and Society in Bronze Age Ireland
The Bronze Age Copper Mines of the Goleen Area, Co. Cork
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature - Volume 103C, Number 2, 2003
National Police Automobile Directory
Justice Cushing's Undelivered Speech on the Federal Constitution
W T THEN on January 9, I788, the Massachusetts delegates gathered in convention at Boston to ratify or reject the recently drafted national Constitution, the most frightening portent for the Federalists was the governor's gout. recurrence of this chronic affliction meant that his excellency, the influential John Hancock, would be unable to lend the moral support of his mere presence. This in itself was enough to disappoint those who had hoped tha…
Did the Jennison Case Outlaw Slavery in Massachusetts
JN his Outline of History, H. G. Wells lists only two events between I780 and I787: the Treaty of Paris and a decision of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts declaring slavery unconstitutional in that state.' Within the past century historians and legal scholars have frequently discussed this decision and, although there are many discrepancies among these accounts, they all agree that the date of the case was either I78i or I783 and that …
The Bronze Age Copper Mines of the Goleen Area, Co. Cork
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature - Volume 103C, Number 2, 2003
Experience of a pediatric HIV clinic in Guatemala City
Pediatric HIV/AIDS is present in all parts of Guatemala. Programs to prevent mother to child transmission and to provide appropriate treatment to families living with HIV/AIDS must be a public health priority
Iberia and The Western Mediterranean
The Iberian Peninsula is one the most mineralized parts of Europe, with a long history of metal mining from prehistoric and Roman to modern times. The earliest evidence for copper metallurgy dates to the fifth millennium BC; however, distinctive Chalcolithic metalworking traditions did not emerge in most regions until 3000 BC onwards. There are widespread occurrences of copper mineralization in Spain and Portugal, including many areas with deposi…
Europe: The Birthplace of Mining?
The origins of mining extend back several million years to when the first hominines in Africa, and subsequently in Europe and Asia, used their bare hands to collect loose rock to make stone tools. This gradually evolved into the systematic collection of rocks with desired properties, as well as an interest in earth minerals such as iron ochre. A desire for these substances led in some cases to more organized collection, involving surface quarryin…
Northern Europe
Copper objects first circulated in Britain and Ireland around 2500 BC, thus beginning a short-lived Chalcolithic that ended with the rapid adoption of tin-bronze metallurgy after 2100 BC. Both islands have numerous sources of copper; however, these orebodies are not evenly distributed, nor were they all accessible to the prehistoric miner. This is part of the explanation why certain regions developed a strong tradition of copper mining that laste…
France and The Western Alps
The use of copper was first established in the western Alps during the late fifth/ early fourth millennia BC. There were several metal-using groups in what is now modern Switzerland during the fourth millennium, including the Cortaillod and Pfyn cultures, followed in the third millennium BC by groups of the Saône-Rhône culture (Strahm 1994). The first direct evidence of copper production, however, only dates from the Late Bronze Age. This is base…
Technology and Work Practices
The production of copper in prehistory was a complex undertaking, involving a sequence of inter-related activities that required specialist knowledge and informed organization. The operation of early copper mines demanded a long-term commitment that had important implications for the societies in question. There are obvious parallels with modern mining in terms of the multi-stage nature of the process, from the initial search for copper ores to t…
South-East Europe
Copper was the first metal used by humans, a practice that began at different times in various parts of the world. The earliest evidence comes from the Near East around 10,000 years ago, when some early farming communities started to experiment with surface finds of native copper. Initially collected for their golden colour, it was soon discovered that these small pieces of pure copper could be cold-hammered into desired shapes, making them diffe…
Central and Eastern Europe
This survey of prehistoric copper mines in Europe began with the oldest known examples, namely Rudna Glava and Ai Bunar in the Balkans. It is now time to consider some of the largest Bronze Age mines, which were major producers of copper that influenced its supply across large parts of the continent. Much of the focus is on Austria, where the earliest scientific investigations of early copper mines were undertaken in Europe. The earliest use of c…
Eastern and Central Mediterranean
Copper objects first circulated on the Greek mainland during the fifth millennium BC and shortly after in the islands of the southern Aegean (Zachos 2007). The earliest metalwork of Late Neolithic date comprised small objects such as awls, beads, and bracelets. Metal use gradually expanded during the Chalcolithic stage that followed, with production of larger items such as axeheads. There are parallels with the development of early metallurgy in …
Mining, Economy, and Society
The opening chapter of this book considered different factors that influenced the availability of copper resources in prehistory. While geological distribution and technological expertise were critical, consideration must also be given to the wider societal context of production. The operation of early mines must be explained in terms of access to ore deposits and the desire and ability of different population groups to become involved in primary…
Mining, Community, and Environment
The previous chapters in this book have reviewed the extensive research carried out on prehistoric copper mines in Europe. Numerous site investigations provide detailed information on the geological setting of these mines and the types of ore minerals extracted. The same studies yield important insights into methods of rock extraction, ore beneficiation, and smelting, and the overall organization of those activities. Building on this solid base o…
Prehistoric Copper Mining in Europe: 5500-500 Bc
This volume examines prehistoric copper mining in Europe, from the first use of the metal eight thousand years ago in the Balkans to its widespread adoption during the Bronze Age. The history of research is examined, as is the survival of this mining archaeology in different geological settings. There is information on the technological processes of mineral prospecting, ore extraction, and metal production, as well as the logistics and organizati…
Hillforts, Warfare and Society in Bronze Age Ireland
Beyond density: Examining overlooked drivers of housing and neighborhood greenhouse gas emissions
Life cycle assessment was used to calculate housing and neighborhood GHG emissions. • Embodied and operational GHG impacts of the built environment are estimated. • Detached houses are more GHG intensive per capita than denser housing built forms. • GHG emissions are associated with built environment and socioeconomic characteristics. The built form of housing impacts virtually all infrastructure provision and lifestyle choices, particularly dail…
Archaeology (12 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (11 works) · Geography (11 works) · History (10 works) · Prehistory (10 works) · Bronze Age (9 works) · Bronze (8 works) · Ancient history (6 works) · Chalcolithic (6 works) · Metallurgy (6 works)