W Przepiorka
Biographic Data
| ID | 45508 |
|---|---|
| NAME | W Przepiorka |
| GIVEN NAMES | W |
| FAMILY NAME | Przepiorka |
| SIGNATURE | PRZEPIORKA W |
| AFFILIATIONS | Utrecht University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9432-8696 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 219 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2011 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Independent sociology in an asymmetric society
This statement engages with the position paper by focusing on a growing asymmetry in the production of social knowledge between public research institutions and large technology companies. While universities remain committed to open science, transparency, and public accountability, digital platforms increasingly control the infrastructures through which social life is organized, observed, and analyzed. The statement argues that this asymmetry thr…
Applications of Signaling Theory in Sociological Scholarship
Signaling theory (ST) describes how people deal with and overcome uncertainties about others' attributes and intentions relevant to their interactions. I integrate ST into a multilevel framework to highlight how people's need to overcome these uncertainties shapes collective outcomes and to spell out the different conditions for the theory's predictions. After a nontechnical outline of the integrated ST framework, I review three strands of sociol…
Meta-Dominance Analysis – A Tool for the Assessment of the Quality of Digital Behavioural Data
We propose a simple yet comprehensive conceptual framework for the identification of different sources of error in research with digital behavioural data. We use our framework to map potential sources of error in 25 years of research on reputation effects in peer-to-peer online market platforms. Using a meta-dataset comprising 346 effect sizes extracted from 109 articles, we apply meta-dominance analysis to quantify the relative importance of dif…
Building a reputation for trustworthiness: Experimental evidence on the role of the feedback rate
In 25 years, research on reputation-based online markets has produced robust evidence on the existence of the so-called reputation effect, that is the positive relation between online traders' reputations and these traders' market success in terms of sales and prices. However, there is an ongoing debate on what the size of the reputation effect means. We argue that the rate of truthful feedback that traders leave after completed transactions is n…
The moral embeddedness of cryptomarkets: Text Mining Feedback on Economic Exchanges on the Dark Web
Reputation systems promote cooperation in large-scale online markets for illegal goods. These so-called cryptomarkets operate on the Dark Web, where legal, social, and moral trust-building mechanisms are difficult to establish. However, for the reputation mechanism to be effective in promoting cooperation, traders have to leave feedback after completed transactions in the form of ratings and short texts. Here we investigate the motivational lands…
Does Living in a Protected Area Reduce Resource Use and Promote Life Satisfaction? Survey Results from and Around Three Regional Nature Parks in Switzerland
Regional nature parks in Switzerland are, for the most part, protected areas that aim to promote sustainable development and residents' well-being. In recent years, research on regional nature parks and comparable protected areas has focused on questions regarding local populations' acceptance of such areas, their governance, and their economic effects. However, we know surprisingly little about the impact of protected areas on environmental reso…
How Norms Emerge from Conventions (and Change)
Social norms regulate our behavior in a variety of mundane and far-reaching contexts, from tipping at the restaurant to social distancing during a pandemic. However, how social norms emerge, persist, and change is still poorly understood. Here the authors investigate experimentally whether spontaneously emerging behavioral regularities (i.e., conventions) gain normativity over time and, if so, whether their normative underpinning makes them resis…
The Role of Reinforcement Learning in the Emergence of Conventions: Simulation Experiments with the Repeated Volunteer’s Dilemma
We use reinforcement learning models to investigate the role of cognitive mechanisms in the emergence of conventions in the repeated volunteer's dilemma (VOD). The VOD is a multi-person, binary choice collective goods game in which the contribution of only one individual is necessary and su icient to produce a benefit for the entire group. Behavioral experiments show that in the symmetric VOD, where all group members have the same costs of volunt…
Game-theoretic models
Game theory is a tool to model and discover social mechanisms. The aim of this chapter is to show how the tool can be used by engaging the reader's interest in the game-theoretic modelling of social dilemmas. Social dilemmas are situations in which several agents face a decision conflict because of their interdependence. The chapter uses examples to connect game-theoretic models with everyday life occurrences of social dilemmas. In the three sect…
Technology use and norm change in online privacy: Experimental evidence from vignette studies
We suggest that explaining privacy behaviors requires understanding not only individual attitudes, but also norms and trust. We propose: (1) the popularity of a potentially privacy-violating technology leads individuals to expect that others approve of privacy violations and simultaneously increases their trust in the technology provider; (2) the frequency of privacy violations by other similar providers leads individuals to expect that a specifi…
Does Herding Undermine the Trust Enhancing Effect of Reputation? An Empirical Investigation with Online-Auction Data
In today’s online markets, the reputation mechanism undergoes its most successful propagation in human history. Online reputation systems substitute informal sanctioning mechanisms at work in close-knit groups and enable complete strangers to trade with each other across large geographic distances. The organizational features of online markets support actors in solving three problems that hamper mutually beneficial market exchange: the value, com…
Cooperation between newcomers and incumbents: The role of normative disagreements
Cooperation in groups often requires individual members to make costly contributions that benefit the group as a whole. Prior research suggests that shared norms can help to support ingroup cooperation by prescribing common standards of how much to contribute. These common standards may be disrupted when groups undergo membership change, i.e., when members from outgroups enter the ingroup. When newcomers and incumbents have different notions abou…
Covid-19 vulnerability and perceived norm violations predict loss of social trust: A pre-post study
Reputation effects in peer-to-peer online markets: A meta-analysis∗
The emergence of conventions in the repeated volunteer's dilemma: The role of social value orientation, payoff asymmetries and focal points
Conventions are arbitrary rules of behavior that coordinate social interactions. Here we study the effects of individuals' social value orientations (SVO) and situational conditions on the emergence of conventions in the three-person volunteer's dilemma (VOD). The VOD is a step-level collective good game in which only one actor's action is required to produce a benefit for the group. It has been shown that if actors interact in the payoff-symmetr…
How Can Consumer Trust in Energy Utilities be Increased? The Effectiveness of Prosocial, Proenvironmental, and Service-Oriented Investments as Signals of Trustworthiness
The transformation of the electricity infrastructure into the smart grid requires energy utilities to increase consumer involvement. However, in the United States, consumers’ trust in utilities is low, which impedes consumer involvement. Drawing on the literature on corporate social responsibility and signaling theory, we examine possible strategies for increasing trust. We hypothesize that utility prosocial, proenvironmental, and service-oriente…
How dominance hierarchies emerge from conflict: A game theoretic model and experimental evidence
Sharing Compromising Information as a Cooperative Strategy
Well-enforced norms create an opportunity for norm breakers to cooperate in ventures requiring trust. This is realized when norm breakers, by sharing evidence of their breaches, make themselves vulnerable to denunciation and therefore trustworthy. The sharing of compromising information (SCI) is a strategy employed by criminals, politicians, and other actors wary of their partners’ trustworthiness in which the cost of ensuring compliance is offlo…
No evidence for hedonic shifts to bring about more moral hypocrisy: A comment on Lindenberg et al. (2018)
Lindenberg et al. report experimental evidence for the effect of hedonic shifts on subjects' propensity to engage in moral hypocrisy. Hedonic shifts are changes in individuals' cognitive states that can be triggered by cues in these individuals' environments such as ambient smells. Individuals in a hedonic cognitive state aim at doing what makes them feel good. Hence, the authors hypothesize that (1) individuals who are in a bad mood and are put …
Behavioral Regularities and Norm Stickiness: The Cases of Transracial Adoption and Online Privacy
We find that behavioral regularities affect normative expectations, which in turn are associated with decisions consistent with existing behaviors. People use descriptive norms to infer what others actually approve. This dynamic can lead to contradictions between implicit and explicit norms, and can both impede and foster norm change
Signaling Theory Evolving: Signals and Signs of Trustworthiness in Social Exchange
Signaling theory is concerned with situations of strategic interdependence in which one actor (the sender) aims at persuading another actor (the receiver) of a fact the receiver does not know or is uncertain about. The unobserved fact can be a quality of the sender the receiver would like to know and act upon. Signaling theory has been used to explain individuals’ investments in higher education, advertisement, cultural consumption, aggressive be…
Order without Law: Reputation Promotes Cooperation in a Cryptomarket for Illegal Drugs
The emergence of large-scale cooperation in humans poses a major puzzle for the social and behavioural sciences. Reputation formation—individuals’ ability to share information about others’ deeds and misdeeds—has been found to promote cooperation. However, these findings are mostly based on small-scale laboratory and field experiments or on data gathered from online markets embedded in functioning legal systems. Using a unique data set of transac…
Generosity is a sign of trustworthiness—the punishment of selfishness is not
The Sanctioning Dilemma: A Quasi-Experiment on Social Norm Enforcement in the Train
Numerous laboratory experiments have established peer-sanctioning as an important driver of norm compliance and cooperation in human groups. However, systematic evidence of peer-sanctioning occurring in the field is still rare. Here we present results from a quasi-experimental field study investigating the enforcement of the silence norm in the train. We let a confederate play music on his/her mobile phone in an open-plan train car and measure th…
“Take One for the Team!” Individual Heterogeneity and the Emergence of Latent Norms in a Volunteer's Dilemma
The tension between individual and collective interests and the provision of sanctioning mechanisms have been identified as important building blocks of a theory of norm emergence. Correspondingly, most investigations focus on how social norms emerge through explicit bargaining and social exchange to overcome this tension, and how sanctions enforce norm compliance. However, sanctioning presupposes the existence of the behavior at which it is dire…
Reputation Formation and the Evolution of Cooperation in Anonymous Online Markets
Theoretical propositions stressing the importance of trust, reciprocity, and reputation for cooperation in social exchange relations are deeply rooted in classical sociological thought. Today's online markets provide a unique opportunity to test these theories using unobtrusive data. Our study investigates the mechanisms promoting cooperation in an online-auction market where most transactions can be conceived as one-time-only exchanges. We first…
Responsibility Attribution for Collective Decision Makers: Responsibility Attribution for Collective Decision Makers
We argue that individuals use responsibility attribution heuristics that apply to collective decisions made, for example, by families, teams within firms, boards in international organizations, or coalition governments. We conduct laboratory and online experiments to tease out the heuristics subjects use in their responsibility attribution for collective decision makers. The lab experiments comprise a collective dictator game in which decision ma…
Order without Law: Reputation Promotes Cooperation in a Cryptomarket for Illegal Drugs
The emergence of large-scale cooperation in humans poses a major puzzle for the social and behavioural sciences. Reputation formation—individuals’ ability to share information about others’ deeds and misdeeds—has been found to promote cooperation. However, these findings are mostly based on small-scale laboratory and field experiments or on data gathered from online markets embedded in functioning legal systems. Using a unique data set of transac…
The Sanctioning Dilemma: A Quasi-Experiment on Social Norm Enforcement in the Train
Numerous laboratory experiments have established peer-sanctioning as an important driver of norm compliance and cooperation in human groups. However, systematic evidence of peer-sanctioning occurring in the field is still rare. Here we present results from a quasi-experimental field study investigating the enforcement of the silence norm in the train. We let a confederate play music on his/her mobile phone in an open-plan train car and measure th…
Lifting the veil of ignorance: An experiment on the contagiousness of norm violations
Norm violations can be contagious. Previous research analyzed two mechanisms of why knowledge about others' norm violations triggers its spread: (1) actors lower their subjective beliefs about the probability or severity of punishment or (2) they condition their compliance on others' compliance. While earlier field studies could hardly disentangle both effects, we use a laboratory experiment which eliminates any punishment threat. Subjects (n = 4…
Temporal Embeddedness and Signals of Trustworthiness: Experimental Tests of a Game Theoretic Model in the United Kingdom, Russia, and Switzerland
Based on signalling theory, Posner (1998, 2000) suggests that seemingly irrational behaviour or social norms emerge because they help to distinguish agents who prefer to engage in repeated cooperative interactions (long-term types) from agents with immediate non-cooperative incentives (short-term types). In this article, we formalize Posner’s theory in a signalling trust game, derive hypotheses from our model, and test them empirically in a serie…
Covid-19 vulnerability and perceived norm violations predict loss of social trust: A pre-post study
Sharing Compromising Information as a Cooperative Strategy
Well-enforced norms create an opportunity for norm breakers to cooperate in ventures requiring trust. This is realized when norm breakers, by sharing evidence of their breaches, make themselves vulnerable to denunciation and therefore trustworthy. The sharing of compromising information (SCI) is a strategy employed by criminals, politicians, and other actors wary of their partners’ trustworthiness in which the cost of ensuring compliance is offlo…
The moral embeddedness of cryptomarkets: Text Mining Feedback on Economic Exchanges on the Dark Web
Reputation systems promote cooperation in large-scale online markets for illegal goods. These so-called cryptomarkets operate on the Dark Web, where legal, social, and moral trust-building mechanisms are difficult to establish. However, for the reputation mechanism to be effective in promoting cooperation, traders have to leave feedback after completed transactions in the form of ratings and short texts. Here we investigate the motivational lands…
Reputation effects in peer-to-peer online markets: A meta-analysis∗
Ethnic Discrimination and Signals of Trustworthiness in an Online Market: Evidence from Two Field Experiments
Results of two field experiments which were designed to identify possible ethnic discrimination on a German internet auction platform are discussed. A first set of results was produced by a secondary analysis of an earlier experiment. The second experiment then tested whether costly signals could help to overcome problems of trust between buyers and sellers in online markets. The evidence is rather mixed with respect to ethnic discrimination, and…
Cooperation between newcomers and incumbents: The role of normative disagreements
Cooperation in groups often requires individual members to make costly contributions that benefit the group as a whole. Prior research suggests that shared norms can help to support ingroup cooperation by prescribing common standards of how much to contribute. These common standards may be disrupted when groups undergo membership change, i.e., when members from outgroups enter the ingroup. When newcomers and incumbents have different notions abou…
Behavioral Regularities and Norm Stickiness: The Cases of Transracial Adoption and Online Privacy
We find that behavioral regularities affect normative expectations, which in turn are associated with decisions consistent with existing behaviors. People use descriptive norms to infer what others actually approve. This dynamic can lead to contradictions between implicit and explicit norms, and can both impede and foster norm change
The emergence of conventions in the repeated volunteer's dilemma: The role of social value orientation, payoff asymmetries and focal points
Conventions are arbitrary rules of behavior that coordinate social interactions. Here we study the effects of individuals' social value orientations (SVO) and situational conditions on the emergence of conventions in the three-person volunteer's dilemma (VOD). The VOD is a step-level collective good game in which only one actor's action is required to produce a benefit for the group. It has been shown that if actors interact in the payoff-symmetr…
How dominance hierarchies emerge from conflict: A game theoretic model and experimental evidence
Die Präventivwirkung des Nichtwissens im Experiment / Experimental Evidence for the Preventive Effect of Ignorance
„Die Präventivwirkung des Nichtwissens“ ist eine Hypothese über die Stabilität des Normensystems, die von Heinrich Popitz (1968) aufgestellt wurde. Die Hypothese schreibt der Dunkelziffer eine normstabilisierende Kraft zu. Würde demnach das tatsächliche Ausmaß von Normabweichungen bekannt, müsste dies das Normensystem schwächen. Bei Ahndung aller Normenbrüche würde das Normensystem kollabieren. Wir untersuchen mit einem einfachen Experiment, inwi…
Meta-Dominance Analysis – A Tool for the Assessment of the Quality of Digital Behavioural Data
We propose a simple yet comprehensive conceptual framework for the identification of different sources of error in research with digital behavioural data. We use our framework to map potential sources of error in 25 years of research on reputation effects in peer-to-peer online market platforms. Using a meta-dataset comprising 346 effect sizes extracted from 109 articles, we apply meta-dominance analysis to quantify the relative importance of dif…
Building a reputation for trustworthiness: Experimental evidence on the role of the feedback rate
In 25 years, research on reputation-based online markets has produced robust evidence on the existence of the so-called reputation effect, that is the positive relation between online traders' reputations and these traders' market success in terms of sales and prices. However, there is an ongoing debate on what the size of the reputation effect means. We argue that the rate of truthful feedback that traders leave after completed transactions is n…
Does Living in a Protected Area Reduce Resource Use and Promote Life Satisfaction? Survey Results from and Around Three Regional Nature Parks in Switzerland
Regional nature parks in Switzerland are, for the most part, protected areas that aim to promote sustainable development and residents' well-being. In recent years, research on regional nature parks and comparable protected areas has focused on questions regarding local populations' acceptance of such areas, their governance, and their economic effects. However, we know surprisingly little about the impact of protected areas on environmental reso…
No evidence for hedonic shifts to bring about more moral hypocrisy: A comment on Lindenberg et al. (2018)
Lindenberg et al. report experimental evidence for the effect of hedonic shifts on subjects' propensity to engage in moral hypocrisy. Hedonic shifts are changes in individuals' cognitive states that can be triggered by cues in these individuals' environments such as ambient smells. Individuals in a hedonic cognitive state aim at doing what makes them feel good. Hence, the authors hypothesize that (1) individuals who are in a bad mood and are put …
Die Präventivwirkung des Nichtwissens im Experiment / Experimental Evidence for the Preventive Effect of Ignorance
„Die Präventivwirkung des Nichtwissens“ ist eine Hypothese über die Stabilität des Normensystems, die von Heinrich Popitz (1968) aufgestellt wurde. Die Hypothese schreibt der Dunkelziffer eine normstabilisierende Kraft zu. Würde demnach das tatsächliche Ausmaß von Normabweichungen bekannt, müsste dies das Normensystem schwächen. Bei Ahndung aller Normenbrüche würde das Normensystem kollabieren. Wir untersuchen mit einem einfachen Experiment, inwi…
Ethnic Discrimination and Signals of Trustworthiness in an Online Market: Evidence from Two Field Experiments
Results of two field experiments which were designed to identify possible ethnic discrimination on a German internet auction platform are discussed. A first set of results was produced by a secondary analysis of an earlier experiment. The second experiment then tested whether costly signals could help to overcome problems of trust between buyers and sellers in online markets. The evidence is rather mixed with respect to ethnic discrimination, and…
Charitable giving as a signal of trustworthiness: Disentangling the signaling benefits of altruistic acts
Temporal Embeddedness and Signals of Trustworthiness: Experimental Tests of a Game Theoretic Model in the United Kingdom, Russia, and Switzerland
Based on signalling theory, Posner (1998, 2000) suggests that seemingly irrational behaviour or social norms emerge because they help to distinguish agents who prefer to engage in repeated cooperative interactions (long-term types) from agents with immediate non-cooperative incentives (short-term types). In this article, we formalize Posner’s theory in a signalling trust game, derive hypotheses from our model, and test them empirically in a serie…
Reputation Formation and the Evolution of Cooperation in Anonymous Online Markets
Theoretical propositions stressing the importance of trust, reciprocity, and reputation for cooperation in social exchange relations are deeply rooted in classical sociological thought. Today's online markets provide a unique opportunity to test these theories using unobtrusive data. Our study investigates the mechanisms promoting cooperation in an online-auction market where most transactions can be conceived as one-time-only exchanges. We first…
“Take One for the Team!” Individual Heterogeneity and the Emergence of Latent Norms in a Volunteer's Dilemma
The tension between individual and collective interests and the provision of sanctioning mechanisms have been identified as important building blocks of a theory of norm emergence. Correspondingly, most investigations focus on how social norms emerge through explicit bargaining and social exchange to overcome this tension, and how sanctions enforce norm compliance. However, sanctioning presupposes the existence of the behavior at which it is dire…
Responsibility Attribution for Collective Decision Makers: Responsibility Attribution for Collective Decision Makers
We argue that individuals use responsibility attribution heuristics that apply to collective decisions made, for example, by families, teams within firms, boards in international organizations, or coalition governments. We conduct laboratory and online experiments to tease out the heuristics subjects use in their responsibility attribution for collective decision makers. The lab experiments comprise a collective dictator game in which decision ma…
Lifting the veil of ignorance: An experiment on the contagiousness of norm violations
Norm violations can be contagious. Previous research analyzed two mechanisms of why knowledge about others' norm violations triggers its spread: (1) actors lower their subjective beliefs about the probability or severity of punishment or (2) they condition their compliance on others' compliance. While earlier field studies could hardly disentangle both effects, we use a laboratory experiment which eliminates any punishment threat. Subjects (n = 4…
Generosity is a sign of trustworthiness—the punishment of selfishness is not
The Sanctioning Dilemma: A Quasi-Experiment on Social Norm Enforcement in the Train
Numerous laboratory experiments have established peer-sanctioning as an important driver of norm compliance and cooperation in human groups. However, systematic evidence of peer-sanctioning occurring in the field is still rare. Here we present results from a quasi-experimental field study investigating the enforcement of the silence norm in the train. We let a confederate play music on his/her mobile phone in an open-plan train car and measure th…
Signaling Theory Evolving: Signals and Signs of Trustworthiness in Social Exchange
Signaling theory is concerned with situations of strategic interdependence in which one actor (the sender) aims at persuading another actor (the receiver) of a fact the receiver does not know or is uncertain about. The unobserved fact can be a quality of the sender the receiver would like to know and act upon. Signaling theory has been used to explain individuals’ investments in higher education, advertisement, cultural consumption, aggressive be…
Order without Law: Reputation Promotes Cooperation in a Cryptomarket for Illegal Drugs
The emergence of large-scale cooperation in humans poses a major puzzle for the social and behavioural sciences. Reputation formation—individuals’ ability to share information about others’ deeds and misdeeds—has been found to promote cooperation. However, these findings are mostly based on small-scale laboratory and field experiments or on data gathered from online markets embedded in functioning legal systems. Using a unique data set of transac…
Behavioral Regularities and Norm Stickiness: The Cases of Transracial Adoption and Online Privacy
We find that behavioral regularities affect normative expectations, which in turn are associated with decisions consistent with existing behaviors. People use descriptive norms to infer what others actually approve. This dynamic can lead to contradictions between implicit and explicit norms, and can both impede and foster norm change
Sharing Compromising Information as a Cooperative Strategy
Well-enforced norms create an opportunity for norm breakers to cooperate in ventures requiring trust. This is realized when norm breakers, by sharing evidence of their breaches, make themselves vulnerable to denunciation and therefore trustworthy. The sharing of compromising information (SCI) is a strategy employed by criminals, politicians, and other actors wary of their partners’ trustworthiness in which the cost of ensuring compliance is offlo…
No evidence for hedonic shifts to bring about more moral hypocrisy: A comment on Lindenberg et al. (2018)
Lindenberg et al. report experimental evidence for the effect of hedonic shifts on subjects' propensity to engage in moral hypocrisy. Hedonic shifts are changes in individuals' cognitive states that can be triggered by cues in these individuals' environments such as ambient smells. Individuals in a hedonic cognitive state aim at doing what makes them feel good. Hence, the authors hypothesize that (1) individuals who are in a bad mood and are put …
How Can Consumer Trust in Energy Utilities be Increased? The Effectiveness of Prosocial, Proenvironmental, and Service-Oriented Investments as Signals of Trustworthiness
The transformation of the electricity infrastructure into the smart grid requires energy utilities to increase consumer involvement. However, in the United States, consumers’ trust in utilities is low, which impedes consumer involvement. Drawing on the literature on corporate social responsibility and signaling theory, we examine possible strategies for increasing trust. We hypothesize that utility prosocial, proenvironmental, and service-oriente…
How dominance hierarchies emerge from conflict: A game theoretic model and experimental evidence
Game-theoretic models
Game theory is a tool to model and discover social mechanisms. The aim of this chapter is to show how the tool can be used by engaging the reader's interest in the game-theoretic modelling of social dilemmas. Social dilemmas are situations in which several agents face a decision conflict because of their interdependence. The chapter uses examples to connect game-theoretic models with everyday life occurrences of social dilemmas. In the three sect…
Technology use and norm change in online privacy: Experimental evidence from vignette studies
We suggest that explaining privacy behaviors requires understanding not only individual attitudes, but also norms and trust. We propose: (1) the popularity of a potentially privacy-violating technology leads individuals to expect that others approve of privacy violations and simultaneously increases their trust in the technology provider; (2) the frequency of privacy violations by other similar providers leads individuals to expect that a specifi…
Does Herding Undermine the Trust Enhancing Effect of Reputation? An Empirical Investigation with Online-Auction Data
In today’s online markets, the reputation mechanism undergoes its most successful propagation in human history. Online reputation systems substitute informal sanctioning mechanisms at work in close-knit groups and enable complete strangers to trade with each other across large geographic distances. The organizational features of online markets support actors in solving three problems that hamper mutually beneficial market exchange: the value, com…
Cooperation between newcomers and incumbents: The role of normative disagreements
Cooperation in groups often requires individual members to make costly contributions that benefit the group as a whole. Prior research suggests that shared norms can help to support ingroup cooperation by prescribing common standards of how much to contribute. These common standards may be disrupted when groups undergo membership change, i.e., when members from outgroups enter the ingroup. When newcomers and incumbents have different notions abou…
Covid-19 vulnerability and perceived norm violations predict loss of social trust: A pre-post study
Reputation effects in peer-to-peer online markets: A meta-analysis∗
The emergence of conventions in the repeated volunteer's dilemma: The role of social value orientation, payoff asymmetries and focal points
Conventions are arbitrary rules of behavior that coordinate social interactions. Here we study the effects of individuals' social value orientations (SVO) and situational conditions on the emergence of conventions in the three-person volunteer's dilemma (VOD). The VOD is a step-level collective good game in which only one actor's action is required to produce a benefit for the group. It has been shown that if actors interact in the payoff-symmetr…
How Norms Emerge from Conventions (and Change)
Social norms regulate our behavior in a variety of mundane and far-reaching contexts, from tipping at the restaurant to social distancing during a pandemic. However, how social norms emerge, persist, and change is still poorly understood. Here the authors investigate experimentally whether spontaneously emerging behavioral regularities (i.e., conventions) gain normativity over time and, if so, whether their normative underpinning makes them resis…
Psychology (26 works) · Social Psychology (24 works) · Political science (19 works) · Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies (18 works) · Sociology (16 works) · Economics (15 works) · Law (15 works) · Computer Science (11 works) · Microeconomics (11 works) · Business (8 works)