Phillip W Schnarrs
Biographic Data
| ID | 4551699 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Phillip W Schnarrs |
| GIVEN NAMES | Phillip W |
| FAMILY NAME | Schnarrs |
| SIGNATURE | SCHNARRS P W |
| AFFILIATIONS | The University of Texas at Austin |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 65 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 24 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2011 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Between silence and support
in HIV status disclosure and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among members of this population remains understudied, particularly in the Southern USA, where cultural values and conservative norms converge. Guided by an intersectional framework, the theory of planned behaviour, and cognitive appraisal theory, between September and October 2022, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 gay Latino men living with HIV (ages 21 to 60 or…
Measurement invariance/equivalence of the sexual and gender minority adverse childhood experiences scale across sexual orientation and gender identity
Forging partnerships for health equity research
Background: Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is essential for translating and increasing the overall uptake of evidence-based interventions in community settings. Yet a limited number of academic and medical institutions provide structured and formal training on how to conduct high-quality CBPR or develop academic-community partnerships. Methods: = 10) between May 2023 and May 2024. A mixed methods evaluation via a survey with closed…
Preferences for longer acting pre-exposure prophylaxis in transgender and gender expansive texans
The prevalence of HIV is higher in the transgender population than in the general population, and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective biomedical HIV prevention strategy for the prevention of HIV. However, the transgender and gender-expansive community faces several challenges to PrEP uptake and adherence. This community-based participatory study was conducted to understand preferences for long-acting PrEP modalities better. Data were …
Adverse childhood experiences and first-time homelessness among a community sample of sexual and gender minority adults
Sexual and gender minorities (SGM; i.e. lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual and other identities aka LGBTQIA+) experience homelessness at disproportionately higher rates than their cisgender and heterosexual peers. Adverse childhood experiences (ACE)—experiences of abuse, neglect, or challenges in the family setting—have been identified as a key risk factor for experiencing homelessness. The present study assessed the re…
“We’re Not Gonna Talk about This, It Didn’t Happen. You’re Confused”
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people disproportionately report high exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). In this study, we examine the ways that LGBTQ people with high ACEs also describe experiencing adverse communication with family systems about mental health, childhood sexual abuse (CSA), and their gender identity. From interviews with a racially diverse sample of 82 LGBTQ people in South Texas, we analyze…
Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening by Sexual Orientation Among Low-Income Women in North Carolina
We sought to examine cervical cancer screening barriers by sexual orientation among low-income women in North Carolina. The MyBodyMyTest-3 Trial recruited low-income women ( n = 70) to straight/heterosexual women ( n = 683). For both LGBQ and straight respondents, the greatest barriers to screening were lack of health insurance (63% and 66%) and cost (49% and 50%). LGBQ respondents were more likely than straight respondents to report forgetting t…
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Substance Use, and Self-Reported Substance Use Problems Among Sexual and Gender Diverse Individuals
Mental Health and Substance Misuse Indicators Associated with First-Time Homelessness among a Community Sample of Sexual and Gender Minority Adults
Homelessness is a priority public health issue in the United States (U.S.) given its strong associations with multiple adverse health outcomes. While overall rates of homelessness have decreased over the last decade, some populations-such as sexual and gender minorities-have not seen equitable decreases. The present study explores the relationship between experiences of first-time homelessness with substance misuse (assessed via the DAST-10) and …
Learning with experts
The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) encourages but does not require medical schools to train students on LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, etc....) care and education on transgender, gender-diverse and/or intersex care is particularly lacking. This study evaluated the efficacy of a patient-centred educational intervention co-developed and facilitated with transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) patient collaborators…
The 3 levels of HIV stigma in the United States military
Participants identified a need for HIV education and suggested individuals living with HIV serve as mentors. A peer-to-peer intervention for delivering HIV prevention education may address these needs and reduce HIV stigma
Interdisciplinary Research Leaders Program
Resilience is a concept that has been difficult to define and measure, especially for researchers studying minority or vulnerable populations who face unique adversities affecting their health and
The Moderating Effect of Resilience on the Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Quality of Physical and Mental Health among Adult Sexual and Gender Minorities
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals experience a greater burden of poor mental health compared to heterosexual individuals. One factor that helps to explain this disparity is trauma experienced during childhood. SGM are more likely to report traumatic experiences during childhood contributing to this disparity. Previous research has shown that resilience moderates the relationship between childhood trauma and adults mental health outcome…
Multiplicity, Race, and Resilience
Scholars theorize that the development of community is an important part of resilience. In this mixed-methods study, we argue that race informs the experiences that transgender and non-binary (TNB) people have in seeking community. Using the Strengthening Colors of Pride Phase I and Phase II research, we argue that in a Latino-majority city, Latinx and Anglo TNB people connected with the transgender and broader lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender…
Caring Adults
Objectives: As part of a larger Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration-funded project in South Texas, this study sought to understand adults' needs with regard to engaging in sexual health conversations with youth and young adults. Methods: A total of 223 participants were surveyed to assess comfort engaging in sexual health conversations. Data were analyzed using thematic coding. Stigma surrounding sexual health conversations …
Influences of health care access on resilience building among transgender and gender non-binary individuals
Background: Health care disparities between transgender/gender non-binary individuals and the general population are well-documented and related to both interpersonal and institutional discrimination. Resilience has been found to buffer the negative health effects of discrimination among gender diverse individuals as well as other stigmatized populations. Aims : The purpose of this study was to identify and understand resilience related to health…
Difference in Condom Use Between Bear Concordant and Discordant Dyads During the Last Anal Sex Event
The purpose of this study was to understand how bear identity influenced condom use during the last anal sex event. Participants were recruited to complete an online, anonymous self-report survey through bear-related sexual and social networking websites. A total of 1,080 men who identified as gay or bisexual and as a member of the bear community and were 18 years or older completed the survey. Overall, fewer than a third of men reported condom u…
Sexual Self-Identification Among Behaviorally Bisexual Men in the Midwestern United States
A Syndemic of Psychosocial Health Disparities and Associations With Risk for Attempting Suicide Among Young Sexual Minority Men
Objectives. We examined a syndemic of psychosocial health issues among young men who have sex with men (MSM), with men and women (MSMW), and with women (MSW). We examined hypothesized drivers of syndemic production and effects on suicide attempts. Methods. Using a pooled data set of 2005 and 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys from 11 jurisdictions, we used structural equation modeling to model a latent syndemic factor of depression symptoms, substa…
Sexual Orientation Disparities in Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk Behaviors and Risk Determinants Among Sexually Active Adolescent Males
Objectives. We examined disparities in risk determinants and risk behaviors for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) between gay-identified, bisexual-identified, and heterosexual-identified young men who have sex with men (YMSM) and heterosexual-identified young men who have sex with women (YMSW) using a school-based sample of US sexually active adolescent males. Methods. We analyzed a pooled data set of Youth Risk Behavior Surveys from 2005 an…
Gender Matters
Sexual Behaviors and Experiences Among Behaviorally Bisexual Men in the Midwestern United States
Community involvement among behaviourally bisexual men in the Midwestern USA
Limited research exists regarding community involvement and social support among behaviourally bisexual men. Previous studies suggest that bisexual men experience high levels of social stigma in both heterosexual and homosexual community settings. Research focusing on social support has demonstrated that individuals with limited access to similar individuals experience greater risk for negative health outcomes. Using a community-based research de…
Sexual health and life experiences
Research on behaviourally bisexual Latino men in the USA has not yet examined sexual health issues among men living in diverse areas of the nation, including the Midwest. A community-based participatory research approach was used to engage a diverse sample of 75 behaviourally bisexual men (25 White, 25 Black and 25 Latino). Semi-structured interviews were conducted and standard qualitative analysis procedures were used to explore data from the 25…
A Syndemic of Psychosocial Health Disparities and Associations With Risk for Attempting Suicide Among Young Sexual Minority Men
Objectives. We examined a syndemic of psychosocial health issues among young men who have sex with men (MSM), with men and women (MSMW), and with women (MSW). We examined hypothesized drivers of syndemic production and effects on suicide attempts. Methods. Using a pooled data set of 2005 and 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys from 11 jurisdictions, we used structural equation modeling to model a latent syndemic factor of depression symptoms, substa…
Multiplicity, Race, and Resilience
Scholars theorize that the development of community is an important part of resilience. In this mixed-methods study, we argue that race informs the experiences that transgender and non-binary (TNB) people have in seeking community. Using the Strengthening Colors of Pride Phase I and Phase II research, we argue that in a Latino-majority city, Latinx and Anglo TNB people connected with the transgender and broader lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender…
Sexual Self-Identification Among Behaviorally Bisexual Men in the Midwestern United States
Sexual Orientation Disparities in Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk Behaviors and Risk Determinants Among Sexually Active Adolescent Males
Objectives. We examined disparities in risk determinants and risk behaviors for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) between gay-identified, bisexual-identified, and heterosexual-identified young men who have sex with men (YMSM) and heterosexual-identified young men who have sex with women (YMSW) using a school-based sample of US sexually active adolescent males. Methods. We analyzed a pooled data set of Youth Risk Behavior Surveys from 2005 an…
Sexual Behaviors and Experiences Among Behaviorally Bisexual Men in the Midwestern United States
Influences of health care access on resilience building among transgender and gender non-binary individuals
Background: Health care disparities between transgender/gender non-binary individuals and the general population are well-documented and related to both interpersonal and institutional discrimination. Resilience has been found to buffer the negative health effects of discrimination among gender diverse individuals as well as other stigmatized populations. Aims : The purpose of this study was to identify and understand resilience related to health…
Difference in Condom Use Between Bear Concordant and Discordant Dyads During the Last Anal Sex Event
The purpose of this study was to understand how bear identity influenced condom use during the last anal sex event. Participants were recruited to complete an online, anonymous self-report survey through bear-related sexual and social networking websites. A total of 1,080 men who identified as gay or bisexual and as a member of the bear community and were 18 years or older completed the survey. Overall, fewer than a third of men reported condom u…
Gender Matters
Sexual health and life experiences
Research on behaviourally bisexual Latino men in the USA has not yet examined sexual health issues among men living in diverse areas of the nation, including the Midwest. A community-based participatory research approach was used to engage a diverse sample of 75 behaviourally bisexual men (25 White, 25 Black and 25 Latino). Semi-structured interviews were conducted and standard qualitative analysis procedures were used to explore data from the 25…
Community involvement among behaviourally bisexual men in the Midwestern USA
Limited research exists regarding community involvement and social support among behaviourally bisexual men. Previous studies suggest that bisexual men experience high levels of social stigma in both heterosexual and homosexual community settings. Research focusing on social support has demonstrated that individuals with limited access to similar individuals experience greater risk for negative health outcomes. Using a community-based research de…
Sexual Behaviors and Experiences Among Behaviorally Bisexual Men in the Midwestern United States
A Syndemic of Psychosocial Health Disparities and Associations With Risk for Attempting Suicide Among Young Sexual Minority Men
Objectives. We examined a syndemic of psychosocial health issues among young men who have sex with men (MSM), with men and women (MSMW), and with women (MSW). We examined hypothesized drivers of syndemic production and effects on suicide attempts. Methods. Using a pooled data set of 2005 and 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys from 11 jurisdictions, we used structural equation modeling to model a latent syndemic factor of depression symptoms, substa…
Sexual Orientation Disparities in Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk Behaviors and Risk Determinants Among Sexually Active Adolescent Males
Objectives. We examined disparities in risk determinants and risk behaviors for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) between gay-identified, bisexual-identified, and heterosexual-identified young men who have sex with men (YMSM) and heterosexual-identified young men who have sex with women (YMSW) using a school-based sample of US sexually active adolescent males. Methods. We analyzed a pooled data set of Youth Risk Behavior Surveys from 2005 an…
Gender Matters
Sexual Self-Identification Among Behaviorally Bisexual Men in the Midwestern United States
Difference in Condom Use Between Bear Concordant and Discordant Dyads During the Last Anal Sex Event
The purpose of this study was to understand how bear identity influenced condom use during the last anal sex event. Participants were recruited to complete an online, anonymous self-report survey through bear-related sexual and social networking websites. A total of 1,080 men who identified as gay or bisexual and as a member of the bear community and were 18 years or older completed the survey. Overall, fewer than a third of men reported condom u…
Caring Adults
Objectives: As part of a larger Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration-funded project in South Texas, this study sought to understand adults' needs with regard to engaging in sexual health conversations with youth and young adults. Methods: A total of 223 participants were surveyed to assess comfort engaging in sexual health conversations. Data were analyzed using thematic coding. Stigma surrounding sexual health conversations …
Influences of health care access on resilience building among transgender and gender non-binary individuals
Background: Health care disparities between transgender/gender non-binary individuals and the general population are well-documented and related to both interpersonal and institutional discrimination. Resilience has been found to buffer the negative health effects of discrimination among gender diverse individuals as well as other stigmatized populations. Aims : The purpose of this study was to identify and understand resilience related to health…
Interdisciplinary Research Leaders Program
Resilience is a concept that has been difficult to define and measure, especially for researchers studying minority or vulnerable populations who face unique adversities affecting their health and
The Moderating Effect of Resilience on the Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Quality of Physical and Mental Health among Adult Sexual and Gender Minorities
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals experience a greater burden of poor mental health compared to heterosexual individuals. One factor that helps to explain this disparity is trauma experienced during childhood. SGM are more likely to report traumatic experiences during childhood contributing to this disparity. Previous research has shown that resilience moderates the relationship between childhood trauma and adults mental health outcome…
Multiplicity, Race, and Resilience
Scholars theorize that the development of community is an important part of resilience. In this mixed-methods study, we argue that race informs the experiences that transgender and non-binary (TNB) people have in seeking community. Using the Strengthening Colors of Pride Phase I and Phase II research, we argue that in a Latino-majority city, Latinx and Anglo TNB people connected with the transgender and broader lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender…
The 3 levels of HIV stigma in the United States military
Participants identified a need for HIV education and suggested individuals living with HIV serve as mentors. A peer-to-peer intervention for delivering HIV prevention education may address these needs and reduce HIV stigma
Learning with experts
The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) encourages but does not require medical schools to train students on LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, etc....) care and education on transgender, gender-diverse and/or intersex care is particularly lacking. This study evaluated the efficacy of a patient-centred educational intervention co-developed and facilitated with transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) patient collaborators…
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Substance Use, and Self-Reported Substance Use Problems Among Sexual and Gender Diverse Individuals
Mental Health and Substance Misuse Indicators Associated with First-Time Homelessness among a Community Sample of Sexual and Gender Minority Adults
Homelessness is a priority public health issue in the United States (U.S.) given its strong associations with multiple adverse health outcomes. While overall rates of homelessness have decreased over the last decade, some populations-such as sexual and gender minorities-have not seen equitable decreases. The present study explores the relationship between experiences of first-time homelessness with substance misuse (assessed via the DAST-10) and …
Adverse childhood experiences and first-time homelessness among a community sample of sexual and gender minority adults
Sexual and gender minorities (SGM; i.e. lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual and other identities aka LGBTQIA+) experience homelessness at disproportionately higher rates than their cisgender and heterosexual peers. Adverse childhood experiences (ACE)—experiences of abuse, neglect, or challenges in the family setting—have been identified as a key risk factor for experiencing homelessness. The present study assessed the re…
“We’re Not Gonna Talk about This, It Didn’t Happen. You’re Confused”
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people disproportionately report high exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). In this study, we examine the ways that LGBTQ people with high ACEs also describe experiencing adverse communication with family systems about mental health, childhood sexual abuse (CSA), and their gender identity. From interviews with a racially diverse sample of 82 LGBTQ people in South Texas, we analyze…
Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening by Sexual Orientation Among Low-Income Women in North Carolina
We sought to examine cervical cancer screening barriers by sexual orientation among low-income women in North Carolina. The MyBodyMyTest-3 Trial recruited low-income women ( n = 70) to straight/heterosexual women ( n = 683). For both LGBQ and straight respondents, the greatest barriers to screening were lack of health insurance (63% and 66%) and cost (49% and 50%). LGBQ respondents were more likely than straight respondents to report forgetting t…
Forging partnerships for health equity research
Background: Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is essential for translating and increasing the overall uptake of evidence-based interventions in community settings. Yet a limited number of academic and medical institutions provide structured and formal training on how to conduct high-quality CBPR or develop academic-community partnerships. Methods: = 10) between May 2023 and May 2024. A mixed methods evaluation via a survey with closed…
Preferences for longer acting pre-exposure prophylaxis in transgender and gender expansive texans
The prevalence of HIV is higher in the transgender population than in the general population, and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective biomedical HIV prevention strategy for the prevention of HIV. However, the transgender and gender-expansive community faces several challenges to PrEP uptake and adherence. This community-based participatory study was conducted to understand preferences for long-acting PrEP modalities better. Data were …
Between silence and support
in HIV status disclosure and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among members of this population remains understudied, particularly in the Southern USA, where cultural values and conservative norms converge. Guided by an intersectional framework, the theory of planned behaviour, and cognitive appraisal theory, between September and October 2022, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 gay Latino men living with HIV (ages 21 to 60 or…
Measurement invariance/equivalence of the sexual and gender minority adverse childhood experiences scale across sexual orientation and gender identity
Psychology (19 works) · Medicine (18 works) · LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy (15 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Psychiatry (11 works) · Sociology (10 works) · Clinical Psychology (9 works) · Sexual orientation (9 works) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (8 works) · Public health (8 works)