Laurent Warlouzet
Biographic Data
| ID | 455318 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Laurent Warlouzet |
| GIVEN NAMES | Laurent |
| FAMILY NAME | Warlouzet |
| SIGNATURE | WARLOUZET L |
| AFFILIATIONS | Sorbonne Université |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1195-2539 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 37 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 75 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 37 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2011 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Liberty, Solidarity and Community: Capitalism and European Integration, 1945 to the Present
How have European countries coped with the challenge of industrial capitalism and the rise of superpowers? Through an analysis of European integration from 1945 to the present day, Laurent Warlouzet argues that the European response was to create both new institutions and an original framework of governance for capitalism. Beyond the European case, he demonstrates that capitalism is not just a contest between free-markeeters and their opponents, …
Frédéric Bozo, Le tournant de 1983, une histoire politique. La gauche, la rigueur, l’Europe: Paris, Odile Jacob, 2025, 430 p
Le « tournant de 1983 », supposé être celui de l’Europe, de la rigueur, du néolibéralisme, en fut-il vraiment un ? Au contraire, la rhétorique du « tournant » ne masque-t-elle pas une certaine continuité dans l’engagement du Président Mitterrand à la fois en Europe mais aussi en France : pour durer et inscrire les réformes de 1981-1982 dans le temps ? Surtout, y avait-il un tournant alors même qu’aucune alternative consolidée ne se présentait ? C…
From Dirigism to Neoliberalism? European Environmental Policy Instruments (1972-1992)
European Environmental Policy underwent a process of liberalisation from 1973 to 1992, shifting from so-called ‘command-and-control’ instruments such as technical standards, to ‘market-based instruments’ such as tradable pollution permits. This transition is usually depicted as a move from ‘dirigiste’ to ‘neoliberal’ instruments. This paper will nuance this reading by first contesting the ‘dirigiste’ interpretation of the ‘command-and-control’ sy…
Introduction: Environmental Policy as a New Field of Inquiry in the History of the EU
Un autoritarisme de marché
Là où l’illibéralisme mêle autoritarisme et suffrage universel pour affaiblir les contre-pouvoirs, l’ultralibéralisme démantèle protections sociales et régulations économiques. Cette alliance accroît les inégalités et polarise les sociétés, comme en Hongrie, aux États-Unis ou en Italie, et appelle les libéraux à agir par des politiques concrètes protégeant les plus vulnérables
L'Europe concrète de Jacques Delors
Dying in the name of Europe: From farmer protests to Human Rights (1971-2016)
L’histoire de l’intégration européenne au-delà du tournant critique
L’histoire de l’intégration européenne est singulière car animée par un puissant courant critique. Il repose sur la stigmatisation d’une histoire censée être complaisante envers une dynamique technocratique et issue en partie de Vichy. Or l’étude de l’historiographie francophone de l’histoire de l’intégration européenne permet au contraire de réfuter ces critiques en les remettant en perspective dans une histoire plus globale, à l’image d’un cham…
From the globe to the planet? New challenges of global and environmental history
David Spector, La gauche, la droite et le marché: Paris, Odile Jacob, 2017, 295 p
Original, l’ouvrage de David Spector l’est à plusieurs titres. Sur le fond, il défend la thèse de la compatibilité du libéralisme économique avec les idées de gauche, de justice sociale et de redistribution. Il cherche ainsi à démontrer que l’hostilité viscérale d’une partie de la gauche française envers les mécanismes de marché est parfois contre-productive car elle peut aboutir à des dynamiques inégalitaires. Les cas britanniques et américains …
Olivier Feiertag, Michel Margairaz (dir.), Les banques centrales et l’État-nation. The Central Banks and the Nation-State: Paris, Presses de Sciences Po, 2016, 688 p
La très active Mission historique de la Banque de France livre un nouvel opus à travers cette étude collective sur « les banques centrales et l’État-nation » couvrant deux siècles. Les vingt-cinq contributions en français et en anglais qui rythment ces presque 700 pages sont encadrées par deux chapitres introductifs et conclusifs relativement courts mais incisifs et surtout complémentaires, dus aux deux animateurs de la Mission, Olivier Feiertag …
The French Referenda of 1992 and 2005: Towards Mainstream Euroscepticism
This article contributes to the historical debate about the two French referenda of 1992 and 2005, the former on the Maastricht Treaty (a feeble “yes”) and the latter on the Constitutional Treaty (a resounding “no”), by adding three further elements that the passing of time has revealed. First, new sources on the history of European economic policies reveal the role of the rise of neoliberal policies, and hence of their major importance in the se…
« La liberté des prix devient la règle ». La libération des prix et l’établissement de la politique de la concurrence en 1986
L’ordonnance du 1 er décembre 1986 impose une double rupture avec la fin du contrôle des prix et l’établissement d’une politique de la concurrence de plein exercice. C’est la fin du dirigisme de Vichy selon certains observateurs. En lieu et place d’un contrôle tatillon des prix, émerge le Conseil de la concurrence, une autorité qui décide seule, indépendamment du ministère de l’Économie autrefois tout puissant, en matière d’entente. L’ouverture d…
A Flanking European Welfare State: The European Community's Social Dimension, from Brandt to Delors (1969–1993)
Between 1969 and 1993, a genuine ‘European welfare state’ was forged at the level of the European Economic Community (EEC), even though this expression was not used per se. After a definition of the welfare state as a three-pronged set of policies, the article develops first the flourishing period in the 1970s, when many ambitious ideas such as a common reduction of working hours, or the control of multinationals, emerged. In a second step, it ex…
From the Globe to the Planet? New Challenges of Global and Environmental History
International audience
L'Europe puissance relancée
L'Europe a créé un marché, elle n'a pas créé une puissance », se lamentait le journaliste Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber dans son célèbre opus Le défi américain (Denoël, 1967). Pourtant, l'Europe puissance semble relancée tant par la guerre en Ukraine que par la présidence française de l'Union européenne au premier semestre 2022. La « puissance » constitue, aux côtés de la « relance » et de l'« appartenance », l'une des trois priorités de cette pr…
Sandrine Kott, Organiser le monde. Une autre histoire de la guerre froide: Paris, Seuil, 2021, 321 p
Une histoire transnationale, non militaire et à parts égales de la Guerre froide, voici le pari du nouveau livre de Sandrine Kott, professeure à l’Université de Genève. Elle utilise pour cela l’angle des organisations internationales, sans privilégier le point de vue occidental, mais en insistant au contraire sur les circulations des savoirs et des individus entre l’Ouest, l’Est et le Sud. De vastes fonds d’archives, ceux de l’ONU, du Bureau inte…
The Role of the European Parliament in the Single Market Programme: The Cost of Non-Europe and the Car Emission Directive (1983-89)
The Single Market has been at the heart of European integration for more than three decades, as the recent Brexit negotiations exemplifies. However, the role of the European Parliament in the origins and the first years of implementation of the Single Market programme has been neglected, whereas it was important in two respects. First, as early as 1983 the European Parliament contributed to intellectual mobilisation efforts in advance of the prog…
Antoine Acker. Volkswagen in the Amazon. The Tragedy of Global Development in Modern Brazil . Cambridge, Cambridge UP, 2017, 314 p
Mathieu Fulla, Les socialistes français et l’économie (1944-1981). Une histoire économique du politique , Paris, Presses de Sciences Po, 2016, 468 p
Bernard Bruneteau. Combattre l’Europe. De Lénine à Marine Le Pen, Paris . CNRS éditions, 2018, 304 p
La politique de la concurrence en France depuis 1945. Libéralisation et européanisation
La politique de la concurrence française est née dans l’immédiat après-guerre comme un appendice de la politique des prix. Elle visait surtout à moderniser la distribution, afin de faire baisser les prix. Entre 1977 et 1986 naît une politique de la concurrence autonome, alors que l’appareil dirigiste de contrôle des prix, issu des années de pénurie disparaît. Depuis, le dispositif français se renforce régulièrement, tout en s’insérant dans une eu…
Business history and European integration: How EEC competition policy affected companies’ strategies
This introduction to the special issue on business responses to European competition policy considers the development of research in the field of European competition policy. It is argued that existing analyses have concentrated on the development of policy over time and that we know surprisingly little about the response of business to the demands of competition policy. This is important because it is apparent that ever stricter legal provision …
The collapse of the French Shipyard of Dunkirk and EEC state-aid control (1977–86)
Since 1958 the European Commission has been in charge of monitoring a progressive reduction of national aid to shipbuilding. However, a large gap existed between theory and practice, especially during the severe crisis that hit Western European shipbuilding from the late 1970s onwards. This article gauges the real influence of state-aid control on companies’ restructuring by examining both the Commission’s papers and the archives of the French sh…
The European Commission facing crisis: Social, neo-mercantilist and market-oriented approaches (1967–85)
The European Commission of the European Economic Community (EEC) has occupied a major role in the organization of European economic cooperation, but it has often been overlooked by historians. Drawing on recent literature as well as on an exploration of the Commission’s archives (and the national archives of the three largest member-states), this contribution aims to examine the three visions developed by this institution to tackle the crisis of …
The EEC/EU as an Evolving Compromise between French Dirigism and German Ordoliberalism (1957–1995)
This contribution explores the origins of the mutation of the concept of the ‘social market economy’, from its ordoliberal roots, to its contemporary broader meaning, by examining to what extent it was influenced by the perennial debate between French dirigism and German ordoliberalism. After an initial section defining both concepts, the contribution proceeds to unearth long‐forgotten conflicts between both approaches from the 1960s to the 1980s…
The Centralization of EU Competition Policy: Historical Institutionalist Dynamics from Cartel Monitoring to Merger Control (1956–91)
The contemporary strength of EU competition policy does not stem naturally and mechanically from the Treaty of Rome, nor is it only a consequence of the spread of ‘neoliberal’ ideas or the single market programme. It is also the product of decades of dynamics underlined by historical institutionalism, which allowed the Commission to secure decisive powers, despite the unwillingness of some of the most powerful Member States. In this regard, the t…
Business history and European integration: How EEC competition policy affected companies’ strategies
This introduction to the special issue on business responses to European competition policy considers the development of research in the field of European competition policy. It is argued that existing analyses have concentrated on the development of policy over time and that we know surprisingly little about the response of business to the demands of competition policy. This is important because it is apparent that ever stricter legal provision …
Dépasser la crise de l'histoire de l'intégration européenne
Les historiens de l’intégration européenne utilisent abondamment la notion de « crise », associée à celle de « relance » pour décrire les différentes étapes de l’évolution des Communautés européennes. Cet usage traduit souvent un centrage implicite sur l’Europe des Six, répondant en outre à une certaine tentation téléologique. Cette dérive, qui a largement été dénoncée par les contempteurs de l’histoire de l’intégration européenne, s’accompagne d…
De Gaulle as a Father of Europe: The Unpredictability of the FTA's Failure and the EEC's Success (1956–58)
The failure of the Free Trade Area (FTA), a British ‘Greater Europe’ free-market project, has often been contrasted with the European Economic Community (EEC)'s rapid success. However, this article claims that the EEC's success was neither logical nor automatic. The FTA project was not bound to failure, but could easily have become the principal institution for European co-operation. Moreover, the French leader, Charles de Gaulle, played such a p…
The European Commission facing crisis: Social, neo-mercantilist and market-oriented approaches (1967–85)
The European Commission of the European Economic Community (EEC) has occupied a major role in the organization of European economic cooperation, but it has often been overlooked by historians. Drawing on recent literature as well as on an exploration of the Commission’s archives (and the national archives of the three largest member-states), this contribution aims to examine the three visions developed by this institution to tackle the crisis of …
Britain at the Centre of European Co‐operation (1948–2016)
This article will revisit the vision of a Britain based on two supposedly eternal features: the promotion of free‐trade values and a reticence towards European integration. By examining the history of Britain's relationship with the organization of the European continent, it will demonstrate that since the creation of the first European institution in 1948, London has constantly exerted considerable influence on the organization of the European c…
The Difficult Path to an Economic Rule of Law: European Competition Policy, 1950–91
A historical retelling of European competition policy is crucial to understanding the discrepancy between the rules in the treaties and their implementation. The historian must navigate treacherous waters between contrasting treaty stipulations in the ECSC and in the EEC Treaties, initial attempts at rigorous implementation but with limited effect on the ground, and a complicated relationship between the supranational institutions. Only in the 19…
A Flanking European Welfare State: The European Community's Social Dimension, from Brandt to Delors (1969–1993)
Between 1969 and 1993, a genuine ‘European welfare state’ was forged at the level of the European Economic Community (EEC), even though this expression was not used per se. After a definition of the welfare state as a three-pronged set of policies, the article develops first the flourishing period in the 1970s, when many ambitious ideas such as a common reduction of working hours, or the control of multinationals, emerged. In a second step, it ex…
From the Globe to the Planet? New Challenges of Global and Environmental History
International audience
The collapse of the French Shipyard of Dunkirk and EEC state-aid control (1977–86)
Since 1958 the European Commission has been in charge of monitoring a progressive reduction of national aid to shipbuilding. However, a large gap existed between theory and practice, especially during the severe crisis that hit Western European shipbuilding from the late 1970s onwards. This article gauges the real influence of state-aid control on companies’ restructuring by examining both the Commission’s papers and the archives of the French sh…
De Gaulle as a Father of Europe: The Unpredictability of the FTA's Failure and the EEC's Success (1956–58)
The failure of the Free Trade Area (FTA), a British ‘Greater Europe’ free-market project, has often been contrasted with the European Economic Community (EEC)'s rapid success. However, this article claims that the EEC's success was neither logical nor automatic. The FTA project was not bound to failure, but could easily have become the principal institution for European co-operation. Moreover, the French leader, Charles de Gaulle, played such a p…
European Union History: Themes and Debates
The Difficult Path to an Economic Rule of Law: European Competition Policy, 1950–91
A historical retelling of European competition policy is crucial to understanding the discrepancy between the rules in the treaties and their implementation. The historian must navigate treacherous waters between contrasting treaty stipulations in the ECSC and in the EEC Treaties, initial attempts at rigorous implementation but with limited effect on the ground, and a complicated relationship between the supranational institutions. Only in the 19…
A Europe Made of Money: The Emergence of the European Monetary System
Emmanuel Mourlon-Druol (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2012), 359 pp This book deals with the inception of the European Monetary System (EMS) by the European Economic Community (EEC)
The Interdisciplinary Challenge in European Integration History
This review essay argues that historians must live up to the challenge of interdisciplinary studies, not by disguising them- selves as non-historians, but by using concepts developed in other fields in order to deepen our understanding of the history of European integration, and of the his- tory of international institutions in general
Dépasser la crise de l'histoire de l'intégration européenne
Les historiens de l’intégration européenne utilisent abondamment la notion de « crise », associée à celle de « relance » pour décrire les différentes étapes de l’évolution des Communautés européennes. Cet usage traduit souvent un centrage implicite sur l’Europe des Six, répondant en outre à une certaine tentation téléologique. Cette dérive, qui a largement été dénoncée par les contempteurs de l’histoire de l’intégration européenne, s’accompagne d…
Schot Johan et Kaiser Wolfram , Writing the Rules for Europe: Experts, Cartels, and International Organizations , Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, 396 p., 100 €
The Centralization of EU Competition Policy: Historical Institutionalist Dynamics from Cartel Monitoring to Merger Control (1956–91)
The contemporary strength of EU competition policy does not stem naturally and mechanically from the Treaty of Rome, nor is it only a consequence of the spread of ‘neoliberal’ ideas or the single market programme. It is also the product of decades of dynamics underlined by historical institutionalism, which allowed the Commission to secure decisive powers, despite the unwillingness of some of the most powerful Member States. In this regard, the t…
When Germany Accepted a European Industrial Policy: Managing the Decline of Steel from 1977 to 1984
From 1977 to 1984, an ambitious European industrial policy was implemented by the European Economic Community for the first and only time in its history. It dealt with the crisis of the steel sector. This paper strives to understand why member states chose this solution, despite the fact that some of them were hostile to the devolution of power to supranational institutions, as for example Britain or France. The most reluctant state was Germany, …
Britain at the Centre of European Co‐operation (1948–2016)
This article will revisit the vision of a Britain based on two supposedly eternal features: the promotion of free‐trade values and a reticence towards European integration. By examining the history of Britain's relationship with the organization of the European continent, it will demonstrate that since the creation of the first European institution in 1948, London has constantly exerted considerable influence on the organization of the European c…
Le spectre de la crise financière française de 1983: Influences et solidarités européennes
Cet article revisite le « tournant de la rigueur » de mars 1983 grâce à de nouvelles archives ouest-européennes issues des gouvernements britanniques et allemands, de la Bundesbank, et de la Confédération européenne des syndicats. Il montre qu'un tournant véritable eut lieu en mars 1983 du fait du risque de crise financière, avec une possible intervention du Fonds monétaire international. La résolution de la crise a été essentiellement franco-all…
The European Commission facing crisis: Social, neo-mercantilist and market-oriented approaches (1967–85)
The European Commission of the European Economic Community (EEC) has occupied a major role in the organization of European economic cooperation, but it has often been overlooked by historians. Drawing on recent literature as well as on an exploration of the Commission’s archives (and the national archives of the three largest member-states), this contribution aims to examine the three visions developed by this institution to tackle the crisis of …
The EEC/EU as an Evolving Compromise between French Dirigism and German Ordoliberalism (1957–1995)
This contribution explores the origins of the mutation of the concept of the ‘social market economy’, from its ordoliberal roots, to its contemporary broader meaning, by examining to what extent it was influenced by the perennial debate between French dirigism and German ordoliberalism. After an initial section defining both concepts, the contribution proceeds to unearth long‐forgotten conflicts between both approaches from the 1960s to the 1980s…
Mathieu Fulla, Les socialistes français et l’économie (1944-1981). Une histoire économique du politique , Paris, Presses de Sciences Po, 2016, 468 p
Bernard Bruneteau. Combattre l’Europe. De Lénine à Marine Le Pen, Paris . CNRS éditions, 2018, 304 p
La politique de la concurrence en France depuis 1945. Libéralisation et européanisation
La politique de la concurrence française est née dans l’immédiat après-guerre comme un appendice de la politique des prix. Elle visait surtout à moderniser la distribution, afin de faire baisser les prix. Entre 1977 et 1986 naît une politique de la concurrence autonome, alors que l’appareil dirigiste de contrôle des prix, issu des années de pénurie disparaît. Depuis, le dispositif français se renforce régulièrement, tout en s’insérant dans une eu…
Business history and European integration: How EEC competition policy affected companies’ strategies
This introduction to the special issue on business responses to European competition policy considers the development of research in the field of European competition policy. It is argued that existing analyses have concentrated on the development of policy over time and that we know surprisingly little about the response of business to the demands of competition policy. This is important because it is apparent that ever stricter legal provision …
The collapse of the French Shipyard of Dunkirk and EEC state-aid control (1977–86)
Since 1958 the European Commission has been in charge of monitoring a progressive reduction of national aid to shipbuilding. However, a large gap existed between theory and practice, especially during the severe crisis that hit Western European shipbuilding from the late 1970s onwards. This article gauges the real influence of state-aid control on companies’ restructuring by examining both the Commission’s papers and the archives of the French sh…
Sandrine Kott, Organiser le monde. Une autre histoire de la guerre froide: Paris, Seuil, 2021, 321 p
Une histoire transnationale, non militaire et à parts égales de la Guerre froide, voici le pari du nouveau livre de Sandrine Kott, professeure à l’Université de Genève. Elle utilise pour cela l’angle des organisations internationales, sans privilégier le point de vue occidental, mais en insistant au contraire sur les circulations des savoirs et des individus entre l’Ouest, l’Est et le Sud. De vastes fonds d’archives, ceux de l’ONU, du Bureau inte…
The Role of the European Parliament in the Single Market Programme: The Cost of Non-Europe and the Car Emission Directive (1983-89)
The Single Market has been at the heart of European integration for more than three decades, as the recent Brexit negotiations exemplifies. However, the role of the European Parliament in the origins and the first years of implementation of the Single Market programme has been neglected, whereas it was important in two respects. First, as early as 1983 the European Parliament contributed to intellectual mobilisation efforts in advance of the prog…
Antoine Acker. Volkswagen in the Amazon. The Tragedy of Global Development in Modern Brazil . Cambridge, Cambridge UP, 2017, 314 p
From the globe to the planet? New challenges of global and environmental history
David Spector, La gauche, la droite et le marché: Paris, Odile Jacob, 2017, 295 p
Original, l’ouvrage de David Spector l’est à plusieurs titres. Sur le fond, il défend la thèse de la compatibilité du libéralisme économique avec les idées de gauche, de justice sociale et de redistribution. Il cherche ainsi à démontrer que l’hostilité viscérale d’une partie de la gauche française envers les mécanismes de marché est parfois contre-productive car elle peut aboutir à des dynamiques inégalitaires. Les cas britanniques et américains …
Olivier Feiertag, Michel Margairaz (dir.), Les banques centrales et l’État-nation. The Central Banks and the Nation-State: Paris, Presses de Sciences Po, 2016, 688 p
La très active Mission historique de la Banque de France livre un nouvel opus à travers cette étude collective sur « les banques centrales et l’État-nation » couvrant deux siècles. Les vingt-cinq contributions en français et en anglais qui rythment ces presque 700 pages sont encadrées par deux chapitres introductifs et conclusifs relativement courts mais incisifs et surtout complémentaires, dus aux deux animateurs de la Mission, Olivier Feiertag …
The French Referenda of 1992 and 2005: Towards Mainstream Euroscepticism
This article contributes to the historical debate about the two French referenda of 1992 and 2005, the former on the Maastricht Treaty (a feeble “yes”) and the latter on the Constitutional Treaty (a resounding “no”), by adding three further elements that the passing of time has revealed. First, new sources on the history of European economic policies reveal the role of the rise of neoliberal policies, and hence of their major importance in the se…
Political science (23 works) · European Union Policy and Governance (14 works) · Economics (13 works) · European union (12 works) · International trade (12 works) · Law (11 works) · Art (9 works) · French Historical and Cultural Studies (8 works) · Political and Social Issues (8 works) · Political economy (8 works)