Frank Oldfield
Biographic Data
| ID | 457804 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Frank Oldfield |
| GIVEN NAMES | Frank |
| FAMILY NAME | Oldfield |
| SIGNATURE | OLDFIELD F |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Liverpool |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3060-2411 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 34 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 114 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 34 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1966 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
In memory of Will Steffen, 1947-2023
Will Steffen's death has prompted the present article that attempts to summarise the many aspects of his contribution to our understanding of Earth System science, his role as an outstanding leader and communicator and the affection and respect he earned from his many colleagues, friends and associates. Personal recollections of Will from his time as Executive Director of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) and as contributor t…
Response to Soriano C (2018)
Paradigms, projections and people
In response to Clive Hamilton's claim that the only acceptable definition of the Anthropocene must be based on Earth System Science (ESS) as a new paradigm, I suggest, from my personal perspective, that ESS as a new paradigm differs significantly from its 20th century predecessors in the Earth Sciences by incorporating rather than rejecting previous, partial syntheses of Earth System function. More crucial to its emergence as a new paradigm are i…
When and how did the Anthropocene begin
In March of this year, Nature published a stimulating article by Simon Lewis and Mark Maslin entitled ‘Defining the Anthropocene’ (Lewis and Maslin, 2015). In it, they proposed criteria for determining the formal onset of the Anthropocene Epoch and from these, derived new starting dates. They proposed two alternatives, ad 1610 and ad 1964. The former date lies some two centuries before the date proposed by Crutzen and Stoermer (2000) in their pap…
Can the magnetic signatures from inorganic fly ash be used to mark the onset of the Anthropocene
Three possible candidates are considered as markers in lake sediments and peat for the onset of the Anthropocene. The artificial radioisotopes Americium 241 and Caesium 137, as well as Spherical Carbonaceous Particles, the by-product of fossil fuel combustion, are considered only briefly. They are possible markers for the onset of the Great Acceleration in the mid 20th century. More attention is given to Inorganic Ash Spheres which are mainly by-…
Air pollutant contamination and acidification of surface waters in the North York Moors, UK
Despite the extensive geographical range of palaeolimnological studies designed to assess the extent of surface water acidification in the United Kingdom during the 1980s, little attention was paid to the status of surface waters in the North York Moors (NYM). In this paper, we present sediment core data from a moorland pool in the NYM that provide a record of air pollution contamination and surface water acidification. The 41-cm-long core was di…
The magnetic record of inorganic fly ash deposition in lake sediments and ombrotrophic peats
Interest in identifying a geological marker signifying the starting point for the Anthropocene has prompted an exploration of the stratigraphic record of inorganic particulates generated by industrial activities. Magnetic measurements of recent lake sediments and ombrotrophic peats are here used to reconstruct the history of deposition of inorganic fly-ash spheres resulting mainly from solid fuel combustion and metal smelting. The chronologies us…
Anthropogenic climate change and the nature of Earth System science
One of the criticisms made by those sceptical of the majority scientific consensus on climate change and its likely future consequences is that the Earth System science upon which it is based is fundamentally flawed. This contention is challenged here by an outline of the nature of the science needed to make future projections possible. The classic Popperian approach to science, in which potentially refutable hypotheses are defined and tested is …
The Anthropocene Review
Human activities now play a major, integral and ever-increasing role in the functioning of the Earth System. This fact lies at the heart of the notion of the Anthropocene. Documenting, understanding and responding to the present and future challenges posed by the recent, dramatic changes in the relationship between humans and their environment thus becomes an imperative for human society. This editorial presents the rationale for engaging with th…
Environmental magnetism
In environmental magnetism, rock and mineral magnetic techniques are used to investigate the formation, transportation, deposition, and postdepositional alterations of magnetic minerals under the influences of a wide range of environmental processes. All materials respond in some way to an applied magnetic field, and iron‐bearing minerals are sensitive to a range of environmental processes, which makes magnetic measurements extremely useful for d…
Controls on lake level in the early to mid Holocene, Hawes Water, Lancashire, UK
This study presents a new interpretation of the evidence for Holocene lake-level changes from Hawes Water in NW England constrained by detailed stratigraphic data, radiocarbon chronology and palaeo-environmental evidence. Lake levels are seen to decline gradually from the start of the Holocene through to 9960 cal. yr BP, in response to lake infilling and the prevailing dry climatic conditions. Low lake levels then persist until 6000 cal. yr BP, p…
Introduction to the early-Anthropocene Special Issue
The first records of Holocene CO2 and CH4 concentrations in the \natmosphere were published two decades ago (Barnola et al., \n1987; Chappellaz et al., 1990), and the observation that both gas \nconcentrations had increased during the last several thousand \nyears has drawn considerable attention from scientists. Compet-\ning hypotheses attribute these increases either to natural forcing \nor anthropogenic intervention in the climate system. This…
Climate and atmospheric circulation changes over the past 1000 years reconstructed from oxygen isotopes in lake-sediment carbonate from Ireland
A 1000 year long subdecadal-resolution record of carbonate oxygen isotopes (δ 18 O c ) from Lough-na-Shade, Ireland, provides evidence for changing atmospheric circulation over northwest Europe. The total range of δ 18 O c values (>5‰) is too large to be explained by changes in water temperature. Moreover, good correlation between the lake record and a previously published δ 18 O time series from an Irish speleothem indicates that the changes in …
Sources of fine-grained magnetic minerals in sediments
Progress in the discrimination of fine-grained magnetic minerals in sediments and sediment sources using measurements of magnetic susceptibility at two frequencies and of magnetic remanence generated by a combination of direct and alternating currents is summarized. The former measurements yield values for low field and frequency-dependent susceptibility (χ lf and χ fd , respectively). The latter generate an Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetisation (A…
Global Change and the Earth System
Millennial to interannual climate variability in the Mediterranean during the Last Glacial Maximum
The late-Holocene history of Gormire Lake (NE England) and its catchment
Sedimentary evidence spanning the last 3500 years from cores taken from the centre of Gormire Lake, Cleveland, northeast England, points to two periods of deforestation and catchment erosion. The first, mainly late Iron Age/Romano-British phase, began c. 200 BC and ended c. AD 600. The second began c. AD 1200, the time of early Monastic activity, and continued into the nineteenth century. The chronology for the core rests on 137 Cs, 210 Pb and 14…
Individual flood events detected in the recent sediments of the Petit Lac d'Annecy, eastern France
A 90-cm long freeze core from the Petit Lac d'Annecy was sampled at 1-cm intervals and studied using magnetic measurements, chemical element and pollen analysis. The results reveal four distinctive horizons in each of which the different lines of evidence point to deposition during a single, major flood event. The magnetic evidence shows that the sediment deposited in each event included a high proportion of surface-soil derived material and this…
Radiocarbon dating of a recent high latitude peat profile
The value of both high-precision (HP) and AMS 14 C determinations in the fine-resolution dating of recent peat at Stor Åmyrân, near Umeå, northern Sweden has been explored. A detailed chronology of accumu lation, based on 14 C, an occurrence of the Askja AD 1875 tephra and 241 Am measurements has been derived for the last 700 years. This shows significant changes in the mass balance of the peat profile, with minimum rates of net carbon sequestrat…
Magnetic measurements of Greenland and Himalayan ice-core samples
This paper summarizes Isothermal Remanence (IRM 300mT ) measurements from Holocene ice-core samples from two contrasting glaciological regimes: (i) the Greenland ice sheet and (ii) a Himalayan glacier. Cores had been previously characterized in terms of chronologies, geochemistry and, for the Himalayan core, microparticle concentrations. Six samples from the Greenland 20-D ice core from the time period AD 1876-1983 did not yield magnetic measurem…
Radiometric dating (210Pb, 137Cs, 241Am) of recent ombrotrophic peat accumulation and evidence for changes in mass balance
The paper summarizes and evaluates the results of 210 Pb, 137 Cs and 241 Am analysis on 37 recent ombrotrophic peat profiles. From these and previously published data, it is concluded that radiometric measurements alone cannot be relied on to give an accurate chronology of peat accumulation. Where constrained by profiles of 241 Am activity in the upper part and one or more pollen-dated horizons below this, 210 Pb can provide good chronologies of …
The Source of Fine-Grained ‘Magnetite’ in Sediments
Extensive study of the magnetic properties of soils and sediments by both earth scientists and biomagnetists has failed to establish the extent to which fine-grained magnetic components in the sediments' are dominated by detrital or by authigenic bacterial contributions. The question is of considerable importance to workers in a wide range of research fields. This article aims to encourage a balanced and explicit debate between biomagnetists and …
Quaternary Ecology
The record of land use change and soil erosion in the late Holocene sediments of the Petit Lac d'Annecy, eastern France
Pollen, chemical and magnetic analysis of a 6 m core from the Petit Lac d'Annecy provides a record of land use change and soil erosion spanning the last 2000 years. Variations in the magnetic properties of the sediments, especially above 3 m in the core, can be linked to the history of soil inwash over the last 1000 years. These changes, together with parallel ones in element concentrations and pollen frequencies (both concentrations and percenta…
Partly pedogenic origin of magnetic variations in Chinese loess
Radiocarbon dating of a recent high latitude peat profile
The value of both high-precision (HP) and AMS 14 C determinations in the fine-resolution dating of recent peat at Stor Åmyrân, near Umeå, northern Sweden has been explored. A detailed chronology of accumu lation, based on 14 C, an occurrence of the Askja AD 1875 tephra and 241 Am measurements has been derived for the last 700 years. This shows significant changes in the mass balance of the peat profile, with minimum rates of net carbon sequestrat…
Radiometric dating (210Pb, 137Cs, 241Am) of recent ombrotrophic peat accumulation and evidence for changes in mass balance
The paper summarizes and evaluates the results of 210 Pb, 137 Cs and 241 Am analysis on 37 recent ombrotrophic peat profiles. From these and previously published data, it is concluded that radiometric measurements alone cannot be relied on to give an accurate chronology of peat accumulation. Where constrained by profiles of 241 Am activity in the upper part and one or more pollen-dated horizons below this, 210 Pb can provide good chronologies of …
The record of land use change and soil erosion in the late Holocene sediments of the Petit Lac d'Annecy, eastern France
Pollen, chemical and magnetic analysis of a 6 m core from the Petit Lac d'Annecy provides a record of land use change and soil erosion spanning the last 2000 years. Variations in the magnetic properties of the sediments, especially above 3 m in the core, can be linked to the history of soil inwash over the last 1000 years. These changes, together with parallel ones in element concentrations and pollen frequencies (both concentrations and percenta…
Anthropogenic climate change and the nature of Earth System science
One of the criticisms made by those sceptical of the majority scientific consensus on climate change and its likely future consequences is that the Earth System science upon which it is based is fundamentally flawed. This contention is challenged here by an outline of the nature of the science needed to make future projections possible. The classic Popperian approach to science, in which potentially refutable hypotheses are defined and tested is …
The Anthropocene Review
Human activities now play a major, integral and ever-increasing role in the functioning of the Earth System. This fact lies at the heart of the notion of the Anthropocene. Documenting, understanding and responding to the present and future challenges posed by the recent, dramatic changes in the relationship between humans and their environment thus becomes an imperative for human society. This editorial presents the rationale for engaging with th…
Introduction to the early-Anthropocene Special Issue
The first records of Holocene CO2 and CH4 concentrations in the \natmosphere were published two decades ago (Barnola et al., \n1987; Chappellaz et al., 1990), and the observation that both gas \nconcentrations had increased during the last several thousand \nyears has drawn considerable attention from scientists. Compet-\ning hypotheses attribute these increases either to natural forcing \nor anthropogenic intervention in the climate system. This…
Sources of fine-grained magnetic minerals in sediments
Progress in the discrimination of fine-grained magnetic minerals in sediments and sediment sources using measurements of magnetic susceptibility at two frequencies and of magnetic remanence generated by a combination of direct and alternating currents is summarized. The former measurements yield values for low field and frequency-dependent susceptibility (χ lf and χ fd , respectively). The latter generate an Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetisation (A…
The late-Holocene history of Gormire Lake (NE England) and its catchment
Sedimentary evidence spanning the last 3500 years from cores taken from the centre of Gormire Lake, Cleveland, northeast England, points to two periods of deforestation and catchment erosion. The first, mainly late Iron Age/Romano-British phase, began c. 200 BC and ended c. AD 600. The second began c. AD 1200, the time of early Monastic activity, and continued into the nineteenth century. The chronology for the core rests on 137 Cs, 210 Pb and 14…
New Approaches to Recent Environmental Change
context for the conditions of the present. Instead the detailed reconstruction of a sequence of changes in the recent past is used in the direct interpretation and evaluation of contemporary problems, and the present is seen as an expression of processes and trends which can be dated, interpreted and often quantified from historical evidence. In the present paper, by considering the evidence contained in lake sediments we explore and illustrate t…
Excavations in Zone VII Peat at Storrs Moss, Lancashire, England, 1965–67
Within recent years pollen-analytical studies carried out in lake sediments and raised bog peats around the head of Morecambe Bay, Lancashire, have disclosed extensive evidence for anthropogenic change at the British Pollen Zone VIIa–VIIb (Atlantic–Sub-Boreal) boundary, including characteristic ‘ Ulmus Decline’, and Landnam phenomena (summarized by Oldfield, 1963). The question immediately arose as to the archaeological identity of the prehistori…
The magnetic record of inorganic fly ash deposition in lake sediments and ombrotrophic peats
Interest in identifying a geological marker signifying the starting point for the Anthropocene has prompted an exploration of the stratigraphic record of inorganic particulates generated by industrial activities. Magnetic measurements of recent lake sediments and ombrotrophic peats are here used to reconstruct the history of deposition of inorganic fly-ash spheres resulting mainly from solid fuel combustion and metal smelting. The chronologies us…
The Changing Climate
1. Our changing climate, past and present. 2. Fundamentals of climate. 3. On the nature of certain climatic epochs which differed from the modern (1900-39) normal. 4. Mapping methods applied to the study of climatic variations and vicissitudes. 5. The role of atmosphere and oceans in relation to climatic changes and the growth of ice-sheets on land. 6. Trees and climatic history in Scotland a radiocarbon dating test and other evidence. 7. Britain…
Paradigms, projections and people
In response to Clive Hamilton's claim that the only acceptable definition of the Anthropocene must be based on Earth System Science (ESS) as a new paradigm, I suggest, from my personal perspective, that ESS as a new paradigm differs significantly from its 20th century predecessors in the Earth Sciences by incorporating rather than rejecting previous, partial syntheses of Earth System function. More crucial to its emergence as a new paradigm are i…
Individual flood events detected in the recent sediments of the Petit Lac d'Annecy, eastern France
A 90-cm long freeze core from the Petit Lac d'Annecy was sampled at 1-cm intervals and studied using magnetic measurements, chemical element and pollen analysis. The results reveal four distinctive horizons in each of which the different lines of evidence point to deposition during a single, major flood event. The magnetic evidence shows that the sediment deposited in each event included a high proportion of surface-soil derived material and this…
Magnetic measurements of Greenland and Himalayan ice-core samples
This paper summarizes Isothermal Remanence (IRM 300mT ) measurements from Holocene ice-core samples from two contrasting glaciological regimes: (i) the Greenland ice sheet and (ii) a Himalayan glacier. Cores had been previously characterized in terms of chronologies, geochemistry and, for the Himalayan core, microparticle concentrations. Six samples from the Greenland 20-D ice core from the time period AD 1876-1983 did not yield magnetic measurem…
When and how did the Anthropocene begin
In March of this year, Nature published a stimulating article by Simon Lewis and Mark Maslin entitled ‘Defining the Anthropocene’ (Lewis and Maslin, 2015). In it, they proposed criteria for determining the formal onset of the Anthropocene Epoch and from these, derived new starting dates. They proposed two alternatives, ad 1610 and ad 1964. The former date lies some two centuries before the date proposed by Crutzen and Stoermer (2000) in their pap…
Can the magnetic signatures from inorganic fly ash be used to mark the onset of the Anthropocene
Three possible candidates are considered as markers in lake sediments and peat for the onset of the Anthropocene. The artificial radioisotopes Americium 241 and Caesium 137, as well as Spherical Carbonaceous Particles, the by-product of fossil fuel combustion, are considered only briefly. They are possible markers for the onset of the Great Acceleration in the mid 20th century. More attention is given to Inorganic Ash Spheres which are mainly by-…
Climate and atmospheric circulation changes over the past 1000 years reconstructed from oxygen isotopes in lake-sediment carbonate from Ireland
A 1000 year long subdecadal-resolution record of carbonate oxygen isotopes (δ 18 O c ) from Lough-na-Shade, Ireland, provides evidence for changing atmospheric circulation over northwest Europe. The total range of δ 18 O c values (>5‰) is too large to be explained by changes in water temperature. Moreover, good correlation between the lake record and a previously published δ 18 O time series from an Irish speleothem indicates that the changes in …
The Source of Fine-Grained ‘Magnetite’ in Sediments
Extensive study of the magnetic properties of soils and sediments by both earth scientists and biomagnetists has failed to establish the extent to which fine-grained magnetic components in the sediments' are dominated by detrital or by authigenic bacterial contributions. The question is of considerable importance to workers in a wide range of research fields. This article aims to encourage a balanced and explicit debate between biomagnetists and …
Quaternary Ecology
Ecology of Soils
Ecology of Soils
The Changing Climate
1. Our changing climate, past and present. 2. Fundamentals of climate. 3. On the nature of certain climatic epochs which differed from the modern (1900-39) normal. 4. Mapping methods applied to the study of climatic variations and vicissitudes. 5. The role of atmosphere and oceans in relation to climatic changes and the growth of ice-sheets on land. 6. Trees and climatic history in Scotland a radiocarbon dating test and other evidence. 7. Britain…
Excavations in Zone VII Peat at Storrs Moss, Lancashire, England, 1965–67
Within recent years pollen-analytical studies carried out in lake sediments and raised bog peats around the head of Morecambe Bay, Lancashire, have disclosed extensive evidence for anthropogenic change at the British Pollen Zone VIIa–VIIb (Atlantic–Sub-Boreal) boundary, including characteristic ‘ Ulmus Decline’, and Landnam phenomena (summarized by Oldfield, 1963). The question immediately arose as to the archaeological identity of the prehistori…
The calculation of lead-210 dates assuming a constant rate of supply of unsupported 210Pb to the sediment
The Effect of Microtopography and Vegetation on the Catchment of Airborne Particles Measured by Remanent Magnetism
Measurements of saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) for recent ombrotrophic peats show that the rate of deposition of magnetic particulates from the atmosphere varies strongly in response to the persistent, small-scale, spatial changes in vegetation and microtopography characteristic of many raised bogs. Hummock environments may trap over an order of magnitude more magnetic particulates than do Sphagnum lawns and pools. These resu…
New Approaches to Recent Environmental Change
context for the conditions of the present. Instead the detailed reconstruction of a sequence of changes in the recent past is used in the direct interpretation and evaluation of contemporary problems, and the present is seen as an expression of processes and trends which can be dated, interpreted and often quantified from historical evidence. In the present paper, by considering the evidence contained in lake sediments we explore and illustrate t…
Environmental Magnetism
Records of Prehistoric Soil Erosion from Rock-Shelter Sites in Papua New Guinea
Slopewash sediments accumulating in limestone rock-shelters have been used to reconstruct prehistoric hillslope erosion rates in the Simbu region of Papua New Guinea. Data on accumulation rates, with sediment chemistry and magnetic properties, suggest that during the late Pleistocene erosion rates were minimal under stable primary forest. Horticultural intensification in the last 6,000 years has resulted in dramatically increased rates of hillslo…
A Multivariate Mixing Model for Identifying Sediment Source from Magnetic Measurements
A sequential method for quantitative identification of sediment source components, based on magnetic measurements, has been developed and tested for sediments from the Rhode River, Maryland. Simulated mixing tests and multiple regression were employed to establish numerical relationships between source component proportions and the magnetic measurements of mixtures. On the basis of these multivariate mixing models, source components of three estu…
Partly pedogenic origin of magnetic variations in Chinese loess
The record of land use change and soil erosion in the late Holocene sediments of the Petit Lac d'Annecy, eastern France
Pollen, chemical and magnetic analysis of a 6 m core from the Petit Lac d'Annecy provides a record of land use change and soil erosion spanning the last 2000 years. Variations in the magnetic properties of the sediments, especially above 3 m in the core, can be linked to the history of soil inwash over the last 1000 years. These changes, together with parallel ones in element concentrations and pollen frequencies (both concentrations and percenta…
The Source of Fine-Grained ‘Magnetite’ in Sediments
Extensive study of the magnetic properties of soils and sediments by both earth scientists and biomagnetists has failed to establish the extent to which fine-grained magnetic components in the sediments' are dominated by detrital or by authigenic bacterial contributions. The question is of considerable importance to workers in a wide range of research fields. This article aims to encourage a balanced and explicit debate between biomagnetists and …
Quaternary Ecology
Radiometric dating (210Pb, 137Cs, 241Am) of recent ombrotrophic peat accumulation and evidence for changes in mass balance
The paper summarizes and evaluates the results of 210 Pb, 137 Cs and 241 Am analysis on 37 recent ombrotrophic peat profiles. From these and previously published data, it is concluded that radiometric measurements alone cannot be relied on to give an accurate chronology of peat accumulation. Where constrained by profiles of 241 Am activity in the upper part and one or more pollen-dated horizons below this, 210 Pb can provide good chronologies of …
Magnetic measurements of Greenland and Himalayan ice-core samples
This paper summarizes Isothermal Remanence (IRM 300mT ) measurements from Holocene ice-core samples from two contrasting glaciological regimes: (i) the Greenland ice sheet and (ii) a Himalayan glacier. Cores had been previously characterized in terms of chronologies, geochemistry and, for the Himalayan core, microparticle concentrations. Six samples from the Greenland 20-D ice core from the time period AD 1876-1983 did not yield magnetic measurem…
Radiocarbon dating of a recent high latitude peat profile
The value of both high-precision (HP) and AMS 14 C determinations in the fine-resolution dating of recent peat at Stor Åmyrân, near Umeå, northern Sweden has been explored. A detailed chronology of accumu lation, based on 14 C, an occurrence of the Askja AD 1875 tephra and 241 Am measurements has been derived for the last 700 years. This shows significant changes in the mass balance of the peat profile, with minimum rates of net carbon sequestrat…
Individual flood events detected in the recent sediments of the Petit Lac d'Annecy, eastern France
A 90-cm long freeze core from the Petit Lac d'Annecy was sampled at 1-cm intervals and studied using magnetic measurements, chemical element and pollen analysis. The results reveal four distinctive horizons in each of which the different lines of evidence point to deposition during a single, major flood event. The magnetic evidence shows that the sediment deposited in each event included a high proportion of surface-soil derived material and this…
The late-Holocene history of Gormire Lake (NE England) and its catchment
Sedimentary evidence spanning the last 3500 years from cores taken from the centre of Gormire Lake, Cleveland, northeast England, points to two periods of deforestation and catchment erosion. The first, mainly late Iron Age/Romano-British phase, began c. 200 BC and ended c. AD 600. The second began c. AD 1200, the time of early Monastic activity, and continued into the nineteenth century. The chronology for the core rests on 137 Cs, 210 Pb and 14…
Millennial to interannual climate variability in the Mediterranean during the Last Glacial Maximum
Global Change and the Earth System
Sources of fine-grained magnetic minerals in sediments
Progress in the discrimination of fine-grained magnetic minerals in sediments and sediment sources using measurements of magnetic susceptibility at two frequencies and of magnetic remanence generated by a combination of direct and alternating currents is summarized. The former measurements yield values for low field and frequency-dependent susceptibility (χ lf and χ fd , respectively). The latter generate an Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetisation (A…
Climate and atmospheric circulation changes over the past 1000 years reconstructed from oxygen isotopes in lake-sediment carbonate from Ireland
A 1000 year long subdecadal-resolution record of carbonate oxygen isotopes (δ 18 O c ) from Lough-na-Shade, Ireland, provides evidence for changing atmospheric circulation over northwest Europe. The total range of δ 18 O c values (>5‰) is too large to be explained by changes in water temperature. Moreover, good correlation between the lake record and a previously published δ 18 O time series from an Irish speleothem indicates that the changes in …
Controls on lake level in the early to mid Holocene, Hawes Water, Lancashire, UK
This study presents a new interpretation of the evidence for Holocene lake-level changes from Hawes Water in NW England constrained by detailed stratigraphic data, radiocarbon chronology and palaeo-environmental evidence. Lake levels are seen to decline gradually from the start of the Holocene through to 9960 cal. yr BP, in response to lake infilling and the prevailing dry climatic conditions. Low lake levels then persist until 6000 cal. yr BP, p…
Introduction to the early-Anthropocene Special Issue
The first records of Holocene CO2 and CH4 concentrations in the \natmosphere were published two decades ago (Barnola et al., \n1987; Chappellaz et al., 1990), and the observation that both gas \nconcentrations had increased during the last several thousand \nyears has drawn considerable attention from scientists. Compet-\ning hypotheses attribute these increases either to natural forcing \nor anthropogenic intervention in the climate system. This…
Environmental magnetism
In environmental magnetism, rock and mineral magnetic techniques are used to investigate the formation, transportation, deposition, and postdepositional alterations of magnetic minerals under the influences of a wide range of environmental processes. All materials respond in some way to an applied magnetic field, and iron‐bearing minerals are sensitive to a range of environmental processes, which makes magnetic measurements extremely useful for d…
Geology and Paleoclimatology Research (25 works) · Geology (20 works) · Geography (17 works) · Paleontology (14 works) · Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies (13 works) · Archaeology (12 works) · Sediment (12 works) · Physical geography (10 works) · Environmental Science (9 works) · Geology (9 works)