B W Fisher
Biographic Data
| ID | 45872 |
|---|---|
| NAME | B W Fisher |
| GIVEN NAMES | B W |
| FAMILY NAME | Fisher |
| SIGNATURE | FISHER B W |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Louisville, KY, USA |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2814-7242 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 14 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 25 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 14 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1992 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Structural problems without structural solutions? Youth leaders' perceptions of their community
As young people explore and reflect on the conditions of their neighborhoods and communities, they can forge a critical consciousness—merging their perspectives and analysis to direct both individual and collective actions. Photovoice is a methodological tool that allows participants to document their perspectives and analysis and discuss with peers what is needed for social change. In this study, members of a local government youth program engag…
Policing and the Safety Logic in the School Context: Perceptions of Danger and Definitions of Law Enforcement
How police construct definitions of law enforcement has been a longstanding inquiry in criminology. This research has demonstrated that police subculture values, such as how police are socialized to hyperfocus on danger and safety, can have a strong influence on officer decisions. These cultural logics can intersect with conditions of the environment to shape definitions of law enforcement. Particularly, school police offer an opportunity to eluc…
Decriminalizing or reassembling schools? Implications of removing police from schools for racial and ethnic disparities in criminal justice system contact
Calls to remove school-based law enforcement (SBLE) have grown in tandem with widespread SBLE presence. Central to these calls are issues of equity, with the hope that removing SBLE will reduce racial/ethnic disparities in the criminal justice system. However, little research has examined the extent to which removing SBLE shapes outcomes related to criminal justice system contact or attendant disparities for students of color. This study examines…
Cops and Counselors: How School Staffing Decisions Relate to Exclusionary Discipline Rates and Racial/Ethnic Disparities
The Third Administrator? Perceptions of School Resource Officers in Predominantly White Elementary Schools
Purpose: While studies of collective leadership tend to focus on administrators and teachers, schools have other staff present that contribute to leadership in ways that affect the students. We focus on school resource officers (SROs), which have become increasingly common in suburban, predominately White schools and elementary schools because, absent law enforcement responsibilities, little is known about SROs in these settings. We examine perce…
Racial and ethnic differences in the consequences of school suspension for arrest
A growing body of literature has demonstrated that when schools suspend students, the suspension acts not as a deterrent but as an amplifier of future punishment. Labeling theory has emerged as the predominant explanation for this phenomenon, suggesting that the symbolic label conferred along with a suspension shapes how other people perceive and respond to labeled students. Few studies, however, have attended to racial/ethnic differences in this…
Controlling Schools: How School Resource Officers’ Roles Map Onto Schools’ Behavior Management Strategies
School resource officer (SRO) behavior varies across schools, but little is known about what shapes their behavior. Social ecological theories state that features of communities shapes individual behavior, including police officers. This may similarly apply to SROs. This study uses the 2015 to 2016 School Survey on Crime and Safety to test the extent to which three aspects of a school’s context related to behavior management (i.e., security measu…
Suspended Again: The Racialized Consequences of a 9th Grade Suspension on Future Suspension Patterns
School Safety or School Criminalization? The Typical day of A School Resource Officer in the United States
School resource officers (SROs) have become increasingly common in schools in the United States and this growth of police in schools has taken place as part of a trend of school criminalization. In a school criminalization framework, scholars have focused on physical security measures and punitive outcomes for students, however, the subtler dimensions have been less explored. We draw on 26 interviews where SROs were asked to detail their typical …
Protecting the Flock or Policing the Sheep? Differences in School Resource Officers' Perceptions of Threats by School Racial Composition
Law enforcement officers (often called school resource officers or SROs) are an increasingly common feature in schools across the United States. Although SROs' roles vary across school contexts, there has been little examination of why. One possible explanation is that SROs perceive threats differently in different school contexts and that the racial composition of schools may motivate these differences. To investigate this possibility, this stud…
The School-to-Gang Pipeline: Examining the Impact of School Suspension on Joining a Gang for the First Time
This study draws on labeling and routine activity theory to examine whether being suspended from school is associated with subsequent gang membership onset. With data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), we estimated discrete time models that predict gang membership onset from ages 12 to 19. The results revealed that being suspended from school at one wave was associated with an increased hazard on gang membership onset a…
Who belongs in school? Examining the link between Black and White racial disparities in sense of school belonging and suspension
Relative to White students, Black students experience higher rates of exclusionary discipline and less welcoming school environments. However, little empirical research has examined the extent to which these two parallel racial disparities are linked. This study examines the relationship between student race and suspension and whether this relationship depends on school-level racial disparities in students' sense of school belonging. Using data f…
Are Achievement Gaps Related to Discipline Gaps? Evidence From National Data
There is growing interest in the relation between the racial achievement gap and the racial discipline gap. However, few studies have examined this relation at the national level. This study combines data from the Stanford Education Data Archive and the Civil Rights Data Collection and employs a district fixed effects analysis to examine whether and the extent to which racial discipline gaps are related to racial achievement gaps in Grades 3 thro…
Illinois State Geological Survey Radiocarbon Dates X
The following is a partial list of samples of archaeological interest processed between February 1981 and October 1985 at the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS) Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory. The list contains samples from west-central Illinois that were related to projects conducted by current or former researchers at the Center for American Archeology (CAA) (formerly Foundation for Illinois Archaeology) and Northwestern University, Departm…
Protecting the Flock or Policing the Sheep? Differences in School Resource Officers' Perceptions of Threats by School Racial Composition
Law enforcement officers (often called school resource officers or SROs) are an increasingly common feature in schools across the United States. Although SROs' roles vary across school contexts, there has been little examination of why. One possible explanation is that SROs perceive threats differently in different school contexts and that the racial composition of schools may motivate these differences. To investigate this possibility, this stud…
Who belongs in school? Examining the link between Black and White racial disparities in sense of school belonging and suspension
Relative to White students, Black students experience higher rates of exclusionary discipline and less welcoming school environments. However, little empirical research has examined the extent to which these two parallel racial disparities are linked. This study examines the relationship between student race and suspension and whether this relationship depends on school-level racial disparities in students' sense of school belonging. Using data f…
Racial and ethnic differences in the consequences of school suspension for arrest
A growing body of literature has demonstrated that when schools suspend students, the suspension acts not as a deterrent but as an amplifier of future punishment. Labeling theory has emerged as the predominant explanation for this phenomenon, suggesting that the symbolic label conferred along with a suspension shapes how other people perceive and respond to labeled students. Few studies, however, have attended to racial/ethnic differences in this…
School Safety or School Criminalization? The Typical day of A School Resource Officer in the United States
School resource officers (SROs) have become increasingly common in schools in the United States and this growth of police in schools has taken place as part of a trend of school criminalization. In a school criminalization framework, scholars have focused on physical security measures and punitive outcomes for students, however, the subtler dimensions have been less explored. We draw on 26 interviews where SROs were asked to detail their typical …
Illinois State Geological Survey Radiocarbon Dates X
The following is a partial list of samples of archaeological interest processed between February 1981 and October 1985 at the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS) Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory. The list contains samples from west-central Illinois that were related to projects conducted by current or former researchers at the Center for American Archeology (CAA) (formerly Foundation for Illinois Archaeology) and Northwestern University, Departm…
Are Achievement Gaps Related to Discipline Gaps? Evidence From National Data
There is growing interest in the relation between the racial achievement gap and the racial discipline gap. However, few studies have examined this relation at the national level. This study combines data from the Stanford Education Data Archive and the Civil Rights Data Collection and employs a district fixed effects analysis to examine whether and the extent to which racial discipline gaps are related to racial achievement gaps in Grades 3 thro…
Who belongs in school? Examining the link between Black and White racial disparities in sense of school belonging and suspension
Relative to White students, Black students experience higher rates of exclusionary discipline and less welcoming school environments. However, little empirical research has examined the extent to which these two parallel racial disparities are linked. This study examines the relationship between student race and suspension and whether this relationship depends on school-level racial disparities in students' sense of school belonging. Using data f…
The School-to-Gang Pipeline: Examining the Impact of School Suspension on Joining a Gang for the First Time
This study draws on labeling and routine activity theory to examine whether being suspended from school is associated with subsequent gang membership onset. With data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), we estimated discrete time models that predict gang membership onset from ages 12 to 19. The results revealed that being suspended from school at one wave was associated with an increased hazard on gang membership onset a…
Controlling Schools: How School Resource Officers’ Roles Map Onto Schools’ Behavior Management Strategies
School resource officer (SRO) behavior varies across schools, but little is known about what shapes their behavior. Social ecological theories state that features of communities shapes individual behavior, including police officers. This may similarly apply to SROs. This study uses the 2015 to 2016 School Survey on Crime and Safety to test the extent to which three aspects of a school’s context related to behavior management (i.e., security measu…
Suspended Again: The Racialized Consequences of a 9th Grade Suspension on Future Suspension Patterns
School Safety or School Criminalization? The Typical day of A School Resource Officer in the United States
School resource officers (SROs) have become increasingly common in schools in the United States and this growth of police in schools has taken place as part of a trend of school criminalization. In a school criminalization framework, scholars have focused on physical security measures and punitive outcomes for students, however, the subtler dimensions have been less explored. We draw on 26 interviews where SROs were asked to detail their typical …
Protecting the Flock or Policing the Sheep? Differences in School Resource Officers' Perceptions of Threats by School Racial Composition
Law enforcement officers (often called school resource officers or SROs) are an increasingly common feature in schools across the United States. Although SROs' roles vary across school contexts, there has been little examination of why. One possible explanation is that SROs perceive threats differently in different school contexts and that the racial composition of schools may motivate these differences. To investigate this possibility, this stud…
The Third Administrator? Perceptions of School Resource Officers in Predominantly White Elementary Schools
Purpose: While studies of collective leadership tend to focus on administrators and teachers, schools have other staff present that contribute to leadership in ways that affect the students. We focus on school resource officers (SROs), which have become increasingly common in suburban, predominately White schools and elementary schools because, absent law enforcement responsibilities, little is known about SROs in these settings. We examine perce…
Racial and ethnic differences in the consequences of school suspension for arrest
A growing body of literature has demonstrated that when schools suspend students, the suspension acts not as a deterrent but as an amplifier of future punishment. Labeling theory has emerged as the predominant explanation for this phenomenon, suggesting that the symbolic label conferred along with a suspension shapes how other people perceive and respond to labeled students. Few studies, however, have attended to racial/ethnic differences in this…
Cops and Counselors: How School Staffing Decisions Relate to Exclusionary Discipline Rates and Racial/Ethnic Disparities
Policing and the Safety Logic in the School Context: Perceptions of Danger and Definitions of Law Enforcement
How police construct definitions of law enforcement has been a longstanding inquiry in criminology. This research has demonstrated that police subculture values, such as how police are socialized to hyperfocus on danger and safety, can have a strong influence on officer decisions. These cultural logics can intersect with conditions of the environment to shape definitions of law enforcement. Particularly, school police offer an opportunity to eluc…
Decriminalizing or reassembling schools? Implications of removing police from schools for racial and ethnic disparities in criminal justice system contact
Calls to remove school-based law enforcement (SBLE) have grown in tandem with widespread SBLE presence. Central to these calls are issues of equity, with the hope that removing SBLE will reduce racial/ethnic disparities in the criminal justice system. However, little research has examined the extent to which removing SBLE shapes outcomes related to criminal justice system contact or attendant disparities for students of color. This study examines…
Structural problems without structural solutions? Youth leaders' perceptions of their community
As young people explore and reflect on the conditions of their neighborhoods and communities, they can forge a critical consciousness—merging their perspectives and analysis to direct both individual and collective actions. Photovoice is a methodological tool that allows participants to document their perspectives and analysis and discuss with peers what is needed for social change. In this study, members of a local government youth program engag…
Education Discipline and Inequality (12 works) · Psychology (10 works) · Sociology (10 works) · Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression (7 works) · Political science (7 works) · Social Psychology (7 works) · Criminology (5 works) · Ethnic group (5 works) · Law (5 works) · Law enforcement (5 works)