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C Keel

Biographic Data

ID45959
NAMEC Keel
GIVEN NAMESC
FAMILY NAMEKeel
SIGNATUREKEEL C
AFFILIATIONSMonash University
ORCID0000-0001-8294-9575
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS13
TOTAL CITATIONS25
AUTHOR COUNT13
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR1978
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX2
  • Route repetition and activity spaces: Spatial networks, routes, stops and routines

    Open Access•Ying Lu, Lihong Zhang et al.•ARTICLE•Applied Geography•2026

    Activity spaces are a longstanding geographic concept used to describe the mobility patterns of an individual. The proliferation of disaggregate space-time data now enables a sophisticated network-orientated approach to measuring and visualising these spaces. The current study leverages individual Global Positioning System trajectories from 365 participants over a seven-day period to introduce ‘route repetition’, a novel network-based metric quan…

  • A step in time: A sequence analysis and choice modelling approach to examine time allocation in individual activities and the role of neighbourhood crime

    Open Access•Ying Lu, C Keel et al.•ARTICLE•Environment and Planning B Urban…•2025

    The Space-Time Budget (STB) method is used to collect spatial and temporal features of an individual’s activities and is an important technique to explore relationships between the environment and crime. This spatial and temporal approach to the study of everyday activity spaces reveals much about victimisation experiences, the relationship between place, time, and perceptions of safety, and where and when offending may occur. Few studies, howeve…

  • Vulnerability and place: A test of the psychology of perceived vulnerability for women and men

    Open Access•C Keel, R Wickes et al.•ARTICLE•Current Issues in Criminal Justice•2025

    Research shows that women’s heightened worry about crime reflects a stronger sense of psychological vulnerability, constituted not only by their perceptions of the likelihood of victimisation but also their sense of control over victimisation and the anticipated consequences of crime. While gender differences in worry have been widely studied, less is known about how neighbourhood context shapes these psychological processes. This study addresses…

  • Gendered spatial mobilities in urban neighbourhoods: Women’s and men’s victimisation, perceptions of risk, and gendered threat in their neighbourhood activity space

    Open Access•C Keel, R Wickes et al.•ARTICLE•Urban Studies•2025•References: 61

    An individual’s activity space reflects their physical movement through and exposure to environments, including potentially risky settings. Historically, women’s and men’s activity spaces differed as a function of gendered household responsibilities. There are also gendered dynamics of place including experiences of victimisation, women’s heightened perceptions of victimisation risk, and perceived gendered threat for women that influence gendered…

  • Contested Boundaries and Perceptions of Inter-ethnic Disorder

    Open Access•R Wickes, C Keel et al.•ARTICLE•The British Journal of Criminology•2025•References: 49

    In some neighbourhoods, ethno-racial diversity promotes civility and encourages the development of inter-ethnic connections. In others, it leads to increased feelings of threat, the degradation of shared norms, and inter-ethnic conflict. Extensive research has examined the compositional effects of neighbourhoods on perceived disorder and conflict, although few studies have considered how ethno-racial neighbourhood spatial boundaries influence the…

  • Local gendered dynamics: A study of perceptions of risk in Australian high crime communities

    C Keel, Murray Lee•ARTICLE•Gender Place & Culture•2025•Cited by: 2•References: 61

  • Examining the directionality of mobility patterns in activity spaces: Introducing the ‘mobility snowflake’ visual analytic and measurement framework

    Open Access•Jacqueline Corcoran, Ying Lu et al.•ARTICLE•Applied Geography•2024

    Activity spaces characterise an individual's mobility patterns and provide critical insights important to a broad suite of applications. Emergent forms of disaggregate space-time data offer new opportunities to exploit a more granular approach to measuring and visualising activity spaces. Drawing on individual GPS trajectories for 365 participants covering a seven-day period the current paper presents a new measurement and visualisation framework…

  • Operationalizing Street Harassment Using Survey Instruments: A Systematic Review of Measuring Harassment in Public Spaces Using Surveys

    Open Access•C Keel, Rebecca Stewart et al.•ARTICLE•Trauma Violence & Abuse•2024

    Quantitative research has an omitted variable problem when it comes to measuring and modeling non-criminal threats in the urban environment. This systematic review identified questionnaires and surveys used to measure incidences of street harassment/harassment in public, to discuss how they operationalize street harassment/harassment in public, and to report the characteristics of those with the best evidence of reliability and validity. We searc…

  • Linking with migrants: The potential of digitally mediated connections to build social capital during crisis

    Open Access•Charishma Ratnam, C Keel et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Sociology•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 44

    Migrants rely on social capital when (re)settling in host communities. Connections with organisations are fundamental to developing local ties and accessing services. While scholarship is replete with studies on bonding and bridging ties, little is known about organisations' ties with migrants. Less is known about how digital technologies facilitate these links. Our article draws on interviews conducted at the onset of the Covid-19 crisis with 23…

  • The vicarious effects of hate: Inter-ethnic hate crime in the neighborhood and its consequences for exclusion and anticipated rejection

    C Keel, R Wickes et al.•ARTICLE•Ethnic and Racial Studies•2022

    Hate crime victimization is harmful for victims and those who share the victim’s identity. It may also be harmful for the broader community. Yet, few studies focus on the ripple effects of hate. This paper examines how secondary exposure to hate crime in the neighborhood, through witnessing or hearing about hate crime, influences individual perceptions of ethnic minorities, which in turn can harm social relations. Findings reveal that those who w…

  • When Law-And-Order Politics Fail: Media Fragmentation and Protective Factors That Limit the Politics of Fear

    Open Access•Murray Lee, Justin R Ellis et al.•ARTICLE•The British Journal of Criminology•2022•Cited by: 1•References: 36

    Law-and-order politics has long been a topic of scholarly work. The leveraging of fear of crime for political capital has been of particular concern. In the 2018 election in the Australian state of Victoria, crime and law-and-order became prominent political issues, particularly through racialized discourse about ‘African gangs’. That election provides a case study here. This article turns the traditional analysis of the politics of fear of crime…

  • Migration Review Tribunal Decisions in Student Visa Cancellation Appeals: Sympathy, Hardship and Exceptional Circumstances

    Marie Segrave, Helen Forbes-Mewett et al.•ARTICLE•Current Issues in Criminal Justice•2017

    This article examines the decisions of the Migration Review Tribunal (now the Administrative Appeals Tribunal) in relation to appeals of student visa cancellations. It draws on a 2010–11 study of appealed cases, and discusses both quantitatively and qualitatively the appeals and the decisions. The study builds on literature surrounding the regulation of migration and non-citizens within national borders by analysing the regulation of internationa…

  • Cherokee Archaeology: A Study of the Appalachian Summit

    Charles H Fairbanks, C Keel•ARTICLE•Man•1978•Cited by: 21

  • Cherokee Archaeology: A Study of the Appalachian Summit

    Charles H Fairbanks, C Keel•ARTICLE•Man•1978•Cited by: 21

  • Local gendered dynamics: A study of perceptions of risk in Australian high crime communities

    C Keel, Murray Lee•ARTICLE•Gender Place & Culture•2025•Cited by: 2•References: 61

  • Linking with migrants: The potential of digitally mediated connections to build social capital during crisis

    Open Access•Charishma Ratnam, C Keel et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Sociology•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 44

    Migrants rely on social capital when (re)settling in host communities. Connections with organisations are fundamental to developing local ties and accessing services. While scholarship is replete with studies on bonding and bridging ties, little is known about organisations' ties with migrants. Less is known about how digital technologies facilitate these links. Our article draws on interviews conducted at the onset of the Covid-19 crisis with 23…

  • When Law-And-Order Politics Fail: Media Fragmentation and Protective Factors That Limit the Politics of Fear

    Open Access•Murray Lee, Justin R Ellis et al.•ARTICLE•The British Journal of Criminology•2022•Cited by: 1•References: 36

    Law-and-order politics has long been a topic of scholarly work. The leveraging of fear of crime for political capital has been of particular concern. In the 2018 election in the Australian state of Victoria, crime and law-and-order became prominent political issues, particularly through racialized discourse about ‘African gangs’. That election provides a case study here. This article turns the traditional analysis of the politics of fear of crime…

  • Cherokee Archaeology: A Study of the Appalachian Summit

    Charles H Fairbanks, C Keel•ARTICLE•Man•1978•Cited by: 21

  • Migration Review Tribunal Decisions in Student Visa Cancellation Appeals: Sympathy, Hardship and Exceptional Circumstances

    Marie Segrave, Helen Forbes-Mewett et al.•ARTICLE•Current Issues in Criminal Justice•2017

    This article examines the decisions of the Migration Review Tribunal (now the Administrative Appeals Tribunal) in relation to appeals of student visa cancellations. It draws on a 2010–11 study of appealed cases, and discusses both quantitatively and qualitatively the appeals and the decisions. The study builds on literature surrounding the regulation of migration and non-citizens within national borders by analysing the regulation of internationa…

  • The vicarious effects of hate: Inter-ethnic hate crime in the neighborhood and its consequences for exclusion and anticipated rejection

    C Keel, R Wickes et al.•ARTICLE•Ethnic and Racial Studies•2022

    Hate crime victimization is harmful for victims and those who share the victim’s identity. It may also be harmful for the broader community. Yet, few studies focus on the ripple effects of hate. This paper examines how secondary exposure to hate crime in the neighborhood, through witnessing or hearing about hate crime, influences individual perceptions of ethnic minorities, which in turn can harm social relations. Findings reveal that those who w…

  • When Law-And-Order Politics Fail: Media Fragmentation and Protective Factors That Limit the Politics of Fear

    Open Access•Murray Lee, Justin R Ellis et al.•ARTICLE•The British Journal of Criminology•2022•Cited by: 1•References: 36

    Law-and-order politics has long been a topic of scholarly work. The leveraging of fear of crime for political capital has been of particular concern. In the 2018 election in the Australian state of Victoria, crime and law-and-order became prominent political issues, particularly through racialized discourse about ‘African gangs’. That election provides a case study here. This article turns the traditional analysis of the politics of fear of crime…

  • Examining the directionality of mobility patterns in activity spaces: Introducing the ‘mobility snowflake’ visual analytic and measurement framework

    Open Access•Jacqueline Corcoran, Ying Lu et al.•ARTICLE•Applied Geography•2024

    Activity spaces characterise an individual's mobility patterns and provide critical insights important to a broad suite of applications. Emergent forms of disaggregate space-time data offer new opportunities to exploit a more granular approach to measuring and visualising activity spaces. Drawing on individual GPS trajectories for 365 participants covering a seven-day period the current paper presents a new measurement and visualisation framework…

  • Operationalizing Street Harassment Using Survey Instruments: A Systematic Review of Measuring Harassment in Public Spaces Using Surveys

    Open Access•C Keel, Rebecca Stewart et al.•ARTICLE•Trauma Violence & Abuse•2024

    Quantitative research has an omitted variable problem when it comes to measuring and modeling non-criminal threats in the urban environment. This systematic review identified questionnaires and surveys used to measure incidences of street harassment/harassment in public, to discuss how they operationalize street harassment/harassment in public, and to report the characteristics of those with the best evidence of reliability and validity. We searc…

  • Linking with migrants: The potential of digitally mediated connections to build social capital during crisis

    Open Access•Charishma Ratnam, C Keel et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Sociology•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 44

    Migrants rely on social capital when (re)settling in host communities. Connections with organisations are fundamental to developing local ties and accessing services. While scholarship is replete with studies on bonding and bridging ties, little is known about organisations' ties with migrants. Less is known about how digital technologies facilitate these links. Our article draws on interviews conducted at the onset of the Covid-19 crisis with 23…

  • A step in time: A sequence analysis and choice modelling approach to examine time allocation in individual activities and the role of neighbourhood crime

    Open Access•Ying Lu, C Keel et al.•ARTICLE•Environment and Planning B Urban…•2025

    The Space-Time Budget (STB) method is used to collect spatial and temporal features of an individual’s activities and is an important technique to explore relationships between the environment and crime. This spatial and temporal approach to the study of everyday activity spaces reveals much about victimisation experiences, the relationship between place, time, and perceptions of safety, and where and when offending may occur. Few studies, howeve…

  • Vulnerability and place: A test of the psychology of perceived vulnerability for women and men

    Open Access•C Keel, R Wickes et al.•ARTICLE•Current Issues in Criminal Justice•2025

    Research shows that women’s heightened worry about crime reflects a stronger sense of psychological vulnerability, constituted not only by their perceptions of the likelihood of victimisation but also their sense of control over victimisation and the anticipated consequences of crime. While gender differences in worry have been widely studied, less is known about how neighbourhood context shapes these psychological processes. This study addresses…

  • Gendered spatial mobilities in urban neighbourhoods: Women’s and men’s victimisation, perceptions of risk, and gendered threat in their neighbourhood activity space

    Open Access•C Keel, R Wickes et al.•ARTICLE•Urban Studies•2025•References: 61

    An individual’s activity space reflects their physical movement through and exposure to environments, including potentially risky settings. Historically, women’s and men’s activity spaces differed as a function of gendered household responsibilities. There are also gendered dynamics of place including experiences of victimisation, women’s heightened perceptions of victimisation risk, and perceived gendered threat for women that influence gendered…

  • Contested Boundaries and Perceptions of Inter-ethnic Disorder

    Open Access•R Wickes, C Keel et al.•ARTICLE•The British Journal of Criminology•2025•References: 49

    In some neighbourhoods, ethno-racial diversity promotes civility and encourages the development of inter-ethnic connections. In others, it leads to increased feelings of threat, the degradation of shared norms, and inter-ethnic conflict. Extensive research has examined the compositional effects of neighbourhoods on perceived disorder and conflict, although few studies have considered how ethno-racial neighbourhood spatial boundaries influence the…

  • Local gendered dynamics: A study of perceptions of risk in Australian high crime communities

    C Keel, Murray Lee•ARTICLE•Gender Place & Culture•2025•Cited by: 2•References: 61

  • Route repetition and activity spaces: Spatial networks, routes, stops and routines

    Open Access•Ying Lu, Lihong Zhang et al.•ARTICLE•Applied Geography•2026

    Activity spaces are a longstanding geographic concept used to describe the mobility patterns of an individual. The proliferation of disaggregate space-time data now enables a sophisticated network-orientated approach to measuring and visualising these spaces. The current study leverages individual Global Positioning System trajectories from 365 participants over a seven-day period to introduce ‘route repetition’, a novel network-based metric quan…

Crime Patterns and Interventions (7 works) · Sociology (7 works) · Psychology (6 works) · Criminology (5 works) · Political science (5 works) · Law (4 works) · Computer Science (3 works) · Geography (3 works) · Perception (3 works) · Social Psychology (3 works)

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