J Howell
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 4609 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | J Howell |
| NOMBRES | J |
| APELLIDO | Howell |
| FIRMA | HOWELL J |
| AFILIACIONES | London School of Economics and Political Science |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0643-2464 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 63 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 252 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 63 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1985 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Government Contracting Services to Social Organisations in China
Contracting of social services has been adopted in China as an innovation in welfare provision. This article reviews the emerging literature on contracting of services to social organisations in China in order to identify lines of further enquiry. It reviews research published in the English and Chinese languages up to 2018. We identify three distinct narratives: public sector reform, improvement of welfare service quality and capacity, and trans…
Meeting Marginal Demands in New Welfare Governance? China’s Contracting of Welfare Services in the Sectors of Disability and HIV/Aids
Since 2013, China has rolled out a policy to contract welfare services to non-governmental forces. This has stimulated a growing body of research on the change of China’s welfare governance. This article focuses on a topic that needs to be added, which is the variation of contracting across different service sectors and the operation of the policy in meeting the needs of marginal people. Based on policy analyses and in-depth interviews, we examin…
From Green Shoots to Crushed Petals
Effects of Government Contracting of Services on NGOs in China
The government of the Communist Party of China (CPC) rolled out a national policy to contract out social and welfare services to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in 2013. This study explores how government contracting of services affects NGOs. We examine three areas: marketization, financial dependency, and autonomy. We find significant convergence of the effects of contracting on NGOs in China with NGOs’ experiences in liberal democratic co…
Technologies of Authoritarian Statecraft in Welfare Provision
In 2013 the authoritarian Chinese Communist Party adopted a nationwide policy to contract out welfare services to social organizations. This presented the Party/state with a conundrum: how best to foster service-oriented social organizations whilst retaining control over politically sensitive groups. Using a Foucauldian framework of analysis, this article explores the rationalities and technologies of statecraft deployed to navigate this tension.…
Accountability and legitimacy of NGOs under authoritarianism
How non-governmental organisations (NGOs) craft accountability and legitimacy in authoritarian states is poorly understood. We put forward a framework of analysis for capturing the processes of making accountability and legitimacy. We introduce the ideas of first- and second-order accountability and stocks of accountability capital. In authoritarian regimes, building second-order accountability through the accumulation of stocks of accountability…
Adaptation under Scrutiny
This paper examines processes of adaptive governance and authoritarian resilience through the lens of community governance, bringing together hitherto unrelated fields of study. It argues first that adaptation has unintended consequences that can threaten stability but do not necessarily cause regime crisis. Second, it contends that the structural fault-lines of institutionalised categorical inequality, marketisation, and professionalization, alo…
Shall We Dance? Welfarist Incorporation and the Politics of State–Labour NGO Relations
Relations between the state and labour NGOs in China have been particularly fraught. In 2012, they took an interesting turn when some local governments made overtures to labour NGOs to cooperate in providing services to migrant workers. This article argues that this shift is part of a broader strategy of “welfarist incorporation” to redraw the social contract between state and labour. There are two key elements to this strategy: first, a relaxati…
Just What Do Physicians Do? Unexpected Continuities from Sixteenth-Century Padua
Journal Article Just What Do Physicians Do? Unexpected Continuities from Sixteenth-Century Padua Get access Joel Howell Joel Howell University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Email: [email protected] [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Volume 69, Issue 4, October 2014, Pages 662–664, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jru028 Published…
The securitisation of NGOs post-9/11
This article argues that the securitisation of an issue can involve not only negative, exclusionary and repressive extraordinary measures but also more positive, inclusionary and productive strategies of engagement. It also argues that such bifurcated strategies of security can evoke a spectrum of responses that sets limits on the process of securitisation. It examines these two arguments through the lens of the securitisation of development NGOs…
Civil Society in China
Civil Society in China
In the past two decades, “civil society” has become a central organizing concept in the social sciences. Occupying the middle ground between the state and private life, the civil sphere encompasses everything from associations to protests to church groups to nongovernmental organizations. Interest in the topic exploded with the decline of statism in the 1980s and 1990s, and many of our current debates about politics and social policy are informed…
Civil Society, Corporatism and Capitalism in China
This article examines the dual logic of the market and state in shaping the trajectory of civil society in China. Specifically, it argues first that the central and local governments' strategy of control and engagement of civil society is fuelled by the inter-related drive to maintain political stability and promote capitalist development. Second, it suggests that a corporatist framework of analysis is inadequate for understanding the dynamics of…
Women, Gender and Rural Development in China
Commentary
In his essay on three global crises, John Clark asserts that the global economic recession, the ‘War on Terror’1 and climate change have had a devastating effect on civil society. With finances squ
Louise Penner, Victorian Medicine and Social Reform
Louise Penner's book Victorian Medicine and Social Reform: Florence Nightingale among the Novelists makes an important contribution to the study of this famous figure, not only by outlining the literary influences on Nightingale's life and letters, but by emphasising the shifts in her rhetorical techniques according to her underlying goals for social and health reform. Florence Nightingale scholarship often seems to reflect ‘a desire to sum up he…
Associations and the Chinese State
Counter‐terrorism and the Politics of Aid
Against the backdrop of terrorist attacks in 1998 and 2002, Kenya has come under pressure from aid donors and diplomatic circles to co‐operate in achieving the political and military objectives of the War on Terror. The Kenyan government has received legal, technical and financial support to implement new counter‐terrorism structures. However, while these have raised concerns around human rights and the ability of people to come together and orga…
The War of the Lamb
One of the latest posthumous collections of essays and lectures by John Howard Yoder, The War of the Lamb: The Ethics of Nonviolence and Peacemaking, is edited by Glen Stasson, Mark Thiessen Nation, and Matt Hamsher. First, I want to make a note about the introduction. In addition to providing an account of the selection of essays and lectures within the volume, Glen Stassen's introduction provides a strong hermeneutical framework through which h…
Securing the World and Challenging Civil Society
Following President Bush's declaration of a 'War on Terror' in 2001, governments around the world introduced a range of counter-terrorist legislation, policies and practices. These measures have affected not only human rights and civil liberties but also civil society and aid frameworks. Although the Obama administration has renounced the language of the 'War on Terror' and taken steps to revoke aspects such as water-boarding and the detention fa…
Manufacturing Civil Society and the Limits of Legitimacy
Changing Donor Policy and Practice in Civil Society in the Post-9/11 Aid Context
This article argues that the global ‘War on Terror’ regime has contributed in complex and differentiated ways to the increasing securitisation of development policy and practice. The global ‘War on Terror’ regime refers to a complex and contradictory weaving of discourses, political alliances, policy and legislative changes, institutional arrangements and practices. This is manifest in aid rhetoric, policy discourse, institutional convergence and…
Civil society and migrants in China
The Chinese economy has enjoyed unprecedented growth rates averaging around 10 per cent over the last three decades. By 2005 it had become the world’s fourth largest economy, ousting the UK from this position. It is a significant trading partner of Europe, Japan and the US, has absorbed over US$ 60.3 billion in foreigndirect investment1 andhas becomeamajor consumer of theworld’smineral resources. Its rapid growth has also contributed to a sharp d…
The backlash against civil society in the wake of the Long War on Terror
The enthusiasm for civil society that emerged in the late 1980s and 1990s with the collapse of the Berlin Wall and the spread of democratic regimes has been replaced in recent years by a backlash against civil society on many levels and fronts. This has particularly intensified since the attacks of 11 September 2001 and the ensuing global war on terror. This article examines the causes of this backlash within the context of the 'Long War on Terro…
Civil Society In China
Self-Governance and Community
This article has three objectives: 1) to assess the contribution of villager self-government to the development of community councils in urban China; 2) to discuss whether there are lessons to be learned from the experiments in urban community councils relevant to the building of rural communities; and 3) most importantly, to raise theoretical issues common to both villager self-government and urban community councils. In fulfilling these three a…
Prospects for village self-governance in China
This article explores the changes in village self-governance in the reform period. It reflects upon the potential of village self-governance to contribute towards a broader democratisation process in China. It begins by reviewing rural governance in the pre-reform period, drawing attention to the factors stimulating change. It then examines the newly emerging system of village self-governance, focussing on the village committees, village assembli…
Women's Political Participation in China
This article takes up the issue of women's political participation in village committees in China. Of interest is the decline in and continuing low level of women's political participation in village governance structures in the reform period, and particularly following the widespread introduction of competitive village elections since 1988. The dominant explanation given for women's numerical under-representation in village committees, and in po…
Women's Organizations and Civil Society in China Making a Difference
This article explores the changing terrain of women's organizations in the reform period in China. It identifies the internal and external factors which have triggered both changes within the All-China Women's Federation (ACWF), the officially designated mass organization representing women's interests, as well as the emergence of new, more autonomous women's organizations. It looks closely at the influence of these organizations on government po…
Reflections on the Chinese State
This article examines critically the application of the developmental state concept to China. A conjuncture of specific political, socio-economic and institutional processes, both internal and external, undermines the case for China as a developmental state. Against a back-drop of intensifying global economic competition, intense rivalry between local economic actors for markets, resources and foreign investment not only produces contradictory de…
The struggle for survival
Manufacturing Civil Society and the Limits of Legitimacy
An Unholy Trinity? Civil Society, Economic Liberalization and Democratization in post‐Mao China
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Gender and Civil Society
This article sets out to provide a framework for thinking about the gendered nature of civil society. The first section looks at how civil society researchers, both past and present, have failed to provide any analysis of the gendered relations of civil society. This is not least because the family is posited as a residual boundary-marker for the purposes of clearing the analytic path for the investigation of state-civil society relations. Simila…
Post-Beijing reflections
Making Civil Society from the Outside – Challenges for Donors
The securitisation of NGOs post-9/11
This article argues that the securitisation of an issue can involve not only negative, exclusionary and repressive extraordinary measures but also more positive, inclusionary and productive strategies of engagement. It also argues that such bifurcated strategies of security can evoke a spectrum of responses that sets limits on the process of securitisation. It examines these two arguments through the lens of the securitisation of development NGOs…
Civil Society, Corporatism and Capitalism in China
This article examines the dual logic of the market and state in shaping the trajectory of civil society in China. Specifically, it argues first that the central and local governments' strategy of control and engagement of civil society is fuelled by the inter-related drive to maintain political stability and promote capitalist development. Second, it suggests that a corporatist framework of analysis is inadequate for understanding the dynamics of…
Changing Donor Policy and Practice in Civil Society in the Post-9/11 Aid Context
This article argues that the global ‘War on Terror’ regime has contributed in complex and differentiated ways to the increasing securitisation of development policy and practice. The global ‘War on Terror’ regime refers to a complex and contradictory weaving of discourses, political alliances, policy and legislative changes, institutional arrangements and practices. This is manifest in aid rhetoric, policy discourse, institutional convergence and…
The backlash against civil society in the wake of the Long War on Terror
The enthusiasm for civil society that emerged in the late 1980s and 1990s with the collapse of the Berlin Wall and the spread of democratic regimes has been replaced in recent years by a backlash against civil society on many levels and fronts. This has particularly intensified since the attacks of 11 September 2001 and the ensuing global war on terror. This article examines the causes of this backlash within the context of the 'Long War on Terro…
Organising around women and labour in China
This article explores the changes in organisation around labour and women’s issues in China. It is argued that whilst the two fields of organisation share common features, they have also evolved in distinct ways, reflecting the relative salience of gender and labour issues and the approach of non-governmental women’s and labour groups towards the Party-state. This focus on women’s and labour groups provides more general insights into the emergenc…
Counter‐terrorism and the Politics of Aid
Against the backdrop of terrorist attacks in 1998 and 2002, Kenya has come under pressure from aid donors and diplomatic circles to co‐operate in achieving the political and military objectives of the War on Terror. The Kenyan government has received legal, technical and financial support to implement new counter‐terrorism structures. However, while these have raised concerns around human rights and the ability of people to come together and orga…
Coping with transition
The devastating effects of food crises and famine in Africa and Asia in the 1980s have stimulated a spate of research into the strategies that households adopt in order to survive.' This work has not only served to strengthen the theoretical claims of an entitlements approach to famine,2 but also provided important insights into the changing objectives of households, their diverse responses to food crises and the variable significance of apparent…
Trade unionism in China
The period of neo-liberalism in the 1980s and the post-Cold War context of the 1990s have challenged trade unions throughout the world. With the onset of market reforms from 1978 onwards, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) began to revitalize its activities. However, reform and entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) have posed new challenges to the functioning and legitimacy of the ACFTU. In confronting its various challenges…
The Chinese Economic Miracle and Urban Workers
The End of an Era
The reunification of Germany on 3 October 1990 marked the end not only of a socialist experiment but also of an alternative source of aid to developing countries as far apart as Vietnam, Cuba, and Mozambique. Whilst the Soviet Union was the major socialist provider of assistance, the former German Democratic Republic (G.D.R.) played a not insignificant rôle. Yet how great was the loss to the developing world when the G.D.R. rapidly disintegrated?…
Effects of Government Contracting of Services on NGOs in China
The government of the Communist Party of China (CPC) rolled out a national policy to contract out social and welfare services to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in 2013. This study explores how government contracting of services affects NGOs. We examine three areas: marketization, financial dependency, and autonomy. We find significant convergence of the effects of contracting on NGOs in China with NGOs’ experiences in liberal democratic co…
Adaptation under Scrutiny
This paper examines processes of adaptive governance and authoritarian resilience through the lens of community governance, bringing together hitherto unrelated fields of study. It argues first that adaptation has unintended consequences that can threaten stability but do not necessarily cause regime crisis. Second, it contends that the structural fault-lines of institutionalised categorical inequality, marketisation, and professionalization, alo…
Village elections in China
L'introduction progressive d'élections villageoises en Chine a retenu toute l'attention des politiques, chercheurs et autres analystes, en Chine comme à l'étranger. Or ce processus a conduit à une diminution de la représentation des femmes au sein des comités villageois. Après avoir décrit le déroulement des élections villageoises, l'auteur évoque les controverses qu'a fait naître l'idée de compétition, les problèmes qui en ont résulté et la mani…
Prospects for NGOs in China
This article explores the prospects for indigenous and foreign NGOs in post-Mao China. The structural complexity of the emerging NGO sector is illustrated by a typology of the new social organisations which have flourished in the last ten years. The author considers the factors favouring the expansion of this intermediary sector of quasi- and non-governmental activity, but also analyses the factors constraining the emergence in the near future of…
Product Sophistication, Industrial Organisation, and Location
In this paper are presented the results of an analysis of the location and organisation of product innovation and sophistication in the UK pharmaceutical industry. Significant spatial variations in plant product technological sophistication were identified on an urban-size basis, with factories located in smaller urban centres less likely to be of low-technology status. In terms of nonspatial factors it was the organisational characteristics of t…
Pharmaceuticals and Europe 1992
This paper provides an analysis of the implications of 1992 on the European pharmaceutical industry and sets it within the wider restructuring of the industry. The creation of a single European pharmaceutical market will, however, be gradual and will often present conflicting tendencies. The response of the major drug companies to the period of rapid technological change associated with the development of biotechnology is assessed. Their financia…
Refashioning State-Society Relations in China
The End of an Era
The reunification of Germany on 3 October 1990 marked the end not only of a socialist experiment but also of an alternative source of aid to developing countries as far apart as Vietnam, Cuba, and Mozambique. Whilst the Soviet Union was the major socialist provider of assistance, the former German Democratic Republic (G.D.R.) played a not insignificant rôle. Yet how great was the loss to the developing world when the G.D.R. rapidly disintegrated?…
Striking a New Balance
With the liberalisation of the economy and the influx of foreign capital into China, new social organisations have emerged which mediate between the state and society. Howell argues that although these organisations harbour elements of a civil society, they have a complex relationship with the Party/state, casting doubt upon their credentials as organs of civil society. They are best understood in the dual context of state transformation and soci…
Prospects for NGOs in China
This article explores the prospects for indigenous and foreign NGOs in post-Mao China. The structural complexity of the emerging NGO sector is illustrated by a typology of the new social organisations which have flourished in the last ten years. The author considers the factors favouring the expansion of this intermediary sector of quasi- and non-governmental activity, but also analyses the factors constraining the emergence in the near future of…
Household coping strategies in Kyrgyzstan
The author considers the coping strategies used by the newly poor households of the now-independent nation-state Kyrgyzstan. Like other former members of the Soviet Union, Kyrgyzstan has fared badly economically since the disintegration of both the Union and complex economic links with it. In 1994, Save the Children Fund (SCF) carried out research into these coping strategies, the findings of which are briefly presented here. Full details can be …
Market Reforms and the Emergent Constellation of Civil Society in China
This chapter aims to provide an overall context for the detailed case studies of intermediate social organizations. It begins with a brief inquiry into the existence and character of ‘civil society’ organizations in pre-revolutionary China as a historical benchmark for viewing their emergence in the era of economic reform. Next, the chapter describes the structure of Chinese social organization during the Maoist era and identifies the socio-econo…
Urban Women and the Women's Federation
This chapter is centred on urban women and the Women's Federation. It evaluates changes in the structural position of women in the urban economy since the introduction of the reforms, emphasizing changes in sectoral employment, remuneration, and recruitment. The chapter traces the changes in the character and role of the Women's Federation, identifying the differences that have emerged within the organization regarding the desirability of economi…
Civil Society in the Countryside? Social Organizations and Rural Development
This chapter examines the role of social organizations in two rapidly urbanizing rural areas in the economically dynamic coastal regions: the counties/cities of Xiaoshan in Zhejiang province and Nanhai in Guangdong province. It evaluates how changes in the structure and dynamics of the rural economy have changed patterns of associational life in the countryside and small-scale rural cities and towns, particularly the decline of the rural collecti…
The Rise of New-Style Social Organizations at the National Level
This chapter presents an overview of the emergence and character of the new social organizations. It describes the policies and regulations that have conditioned their emergence at both national and local levels, distinguishes the various types of association, and explains the differences between national and local-level organizations. The chapter provides detailed case-studies of various types of associations, examines the different functions of…
Civil Society, Corporatism, and China's Political Future
This chapter discusses the overall results of the investigations on China' civil society. It associates them with the paradigm of ‘civil society’ and the specific initial hypotheses about the changing nature of social organization. The chapter presents analytical insights and revisions that have emerged from the inquiry.
Social Organizations in the Cities
This chapter examines the emergence of the new social organizations and their role in the urban context, based on case studies of one large, heavy-industrial city — Shenyang in the north-eastern province of Liaoning — and one medium-sized, light-industrial city: Nantong in the central/coastal province of Jiangsu. It determines whether there are regional variations in the development of social organizations; to what extent the establishment of the…
Chinese Trade Unions
This chapter presents evidence on the changing composition of the urban manual workforce in China, on the changing context of industrial relations at the enterprise level, on the attitudes of Chinese workers to the reforms, and the impact of the reforms on their perceived interests. It then examines the evolving role of the trade-union organization — ACFTU — within the new economic structure, enterprise system, and regulatory environment created …
The Rise of the Entrepreneurs and Business Associations
The Search for Civil Society
The struggle for survival
Poverty and transition in Kyrgyzstan
Coping with transition
The devastating effects of food crises and famine in Africa and Asia in the 1980s have stimulated a spate of research into the strategies that households adopt in order to survive.' This work has not only served to strengthen the theoretical claims of an entitlements approach to famine,2 but also provided important insights into the changing objectives of households, their diverse responses to food crises and the variable significance of apparent…
The Chinese Economic Miracle and Urban Workers
Post-Beijing reflections
Uneven Development in the Third World
Transition in kyrgyzstan
Summaries This article attempts to move away from macrolevel analyses and descriptions of the process of transition. It thus not only explores the social effects of transition in Kyrgyzstan in three distinct local contexts, but also considers the impact on children. It underlines the need for both localised studies of transitional economies as well as disaggregated research on particular social groups
An Unholy Trinity? Civil Society, Economic Liberalization and Democratization in post‐Mao China
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Prospects for village self-governance in China
This article explores the changes in village self-governance in the reform period. It reflects upon the potential of village self-governance to contribute towards a broader democratisation process in China. It begins by reviewing rural governance in the pre-reform period, drawing attention to the factors stimulating change. It then examines the newly emerging system of village self-governance, focussing on the village committees, village assembli…
Political science (60 obras) · Law (46 obras) · Politics (41 obras) · Economics (40 obras) · Sociology (33 obras) · China (32 obras) · Civil society (25 obras) · China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance (24 obras) · Law (24 obras) · Political economy (24 obras)