Kazurō Hanihara
Biographic Data
| ID | 4679219 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Kazurō Hanihara |
| GIVEN NAMES | Kazurō |
| FAMILY NAME | Hanihara |
| SIGNATURE | HANIHARA K |
| AFFILIATIONS | The University of Tokyo |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 46 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 57 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 46 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1952 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Reanalysis of Local Variations in the Ainu Crania
Local variations of the recent Ainu crania and their affinities to neighboring populations, both recent and prehistoric, were reanalyzed using multivariate statistical methods. Local variations in recent Ainu are apparent between the groups in northeastern and the other areas of Hokkaido. There is an evidence that the former group may have been influenced genetically to a certain extent by the Northeast Asian populations who adapted to xtremely c…
Dual structure model.A hypothesis related to the formation of Japanese group
この論文は, 沖縄人およびアイヌを含む日本人集団の形成史を単一の仮説で説明する二重構造モデルを提唱するものである。このモデルは次の点を想定する。すなわち, 日本列島の最初の居住者は後期旧石器時代に移動してきた東南アジア系の集団で, 縄文人はその子孫である。弥生時代になって第2の移動の波が北アジアから押し寄せたため, これら2系統の集団は列島内で徐々に混血した。この混血の過程は現在も続いており, 日本人集団の二重構造性は今もなお解消されていない。したがって身体•文化の両面にみられる日本の地域性-たとえば東西日本の差など-は, 混血または文化の混合の程度が地域によって異なるために生じたと説明することができる。またこのモデルは, 日本人の形質•文化にみられるさまざまな現象を説明するのみならず, イヌやハツカネズミなど, 人間以外の動物を対象とする研究結果にも適合する。同時に, このモデルによって日本の本土, 沖縄およびアイヌ系各集団の系統関係も矛盾なく説明することができる
The Population History of the Japanese.
This paper introduces a "dual structure model" that explains the population history of the Japanese population including the Okinawa islanders (Ryukyus) and Ainu under a single hypothesis. The model assumes that the first occupants of the Japanese Archipelago came from somewhere in Southeast Asia in the Upper Palaeolithic age and gave rise to the people in the Neolithic Jomon age, or Jomonese; then the second wave of migration from North Asia too…
Japan and human evolutionary research
Multivariate analysis of tooth crown morphology in Japanese-American F1 hybrids
Secular changes in the somatometric data of 13 year-old boys
昭和51年から61年にわたって東京在住の中学2年生男子の生体計測を行い,このデータにどのような時代変化がみられるかを検討し,以下の結果を得た。(1)高身長化傾向は認められず,一部の日本人集団では高身長化が止まっている可能性が考えられる。(2)胴長には年度とともに短くなる傾向があった。(3)胸囲,胸郭幅,寛上最小囲などに,年度とともに平均値だけでなく分散も大きくなる傾向があった。これは肥満児の増加傾向と関係する。(4)本資料では全国平均に比べて肥満傾向児が多い
Estimation of the Number of Early Migrants to Japan
The number of migrants to Japan during the period of 1, 000 years from the Aeneolithic Yayoi to early historic ages (ca. 300 B. C. to ca. 700 A. D.) were estimated by means of 2 models of simulation. One is the population growth model and the other the morphological change model. Both models provide almost the same estimates which suggest the number of the migrants might have been much greater than was expected. The total number of migrants from …
Variation in elemental composition of Japanese ancient (Jomon and Yayoi eras) human bones
Excavated ribs obtained from 30 Jomon and 7 Yayoi sites, and 5 skeletal components (rib, hand phalanx, vertebra, skull and fibula) of 3 different skeletons were analyzed for concentration of 19 elements by ICP atomic emission spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. Elements without showing locational variation in the concentration were B, Ca, Cu, Ni and Pb, and large variations were for Al, Co, Fe, Sr, Ti and V. Between two eras, signifi…
Secular Changes of Tooth to Denture Base Discrepancy during Japanese Prehistoric and Historic Ages
This article concerns with secular changes of tooth to denture base discrepancy during Japanese prehistoric and historic ages, by means of morphological analysis of Japanese skeletal remains as well as living people.Materials used were 122 skulls from the later Jomon, Kofun, Kamakura, Muromachi and Yedo eras. Two hundred and ninety living Japanese were also investigated. The frequency of discrepancy was surveyed by inspections of occlusion, and t…
Data of Cranial Measurements in Kinai Japanese
[in Japanese]
Dentofacial Morphology of Japanese Skeletal Remains from Later Jomon Period
Tooth to denture base discrepancy, one of the major pathogenic factors in dental diseases, is considered to be an expression of the evolution of human occlusion. If it is true, there should be preceding changes of jaw bones before the discrepancy becomes dominant. The present paper deals with the dentofacial morphology of Japanese skeletal remains from the later Jomon period, as the basis for studying the origin and pathogenic nature of the discr…
A Preliminary Analysis of Geographical Variations in the Male Japanese Crania
Based on 476 crania of modern Japanese males, the geographical variations were analysed using several statistical techniques. The factors which explain large part of total variance were extracted by a principal component analysis. Factors concerning cranial length, facial depth, cranial and facial breadths, and height of the brain case seem to be most significant for analysing geographical variations. The shape of the brain case shows an apparent…
Secular Change of Dentofacial Morphology during Japanese Historic Ages
Dentofacial morphology of Japanese has been continuously altering through the historic ages toward the pattern of the moderns. Concerning the almost monotonous increase of the tooth to denture base discrepancy, this alteration is considered to tend always to reduction. The present paper deals with this secular change of the dentofacial morphology during the Japanese historic ages.Roentgenographic cephalograms of 95 Japanese skeletal remains from …
Microevolution and Tooth to Denture Base Discrepancy in Japanese Dentition
Tooth to denture base discrepancy, one of the major etiologic factors of malocclusion, is considered to have its origin in human evolution. The objective of this study is, therefore, to survey the general trend of the transitional change of frequencies of malocclusion and discrepancy through the history of man.The materials used were 122 skulls from Jomon, Kofun, Medieval, and Yedo eras, preserved in the University Museum, The University of Tokyo…
An analysis of errors in somatometric research
Two series of measurements taken by one investigator and by several investigators on the same subjects were compared to examine the reliability of the data obtained in large-scale somatometric research. The series of differences was analysed using analysis of variance, and statistically significant inter-observer difference was observed in 17 out of 20 variables (Table 3). From a practical point of view, 7 out of 17 variables with statistically s…
A Statistical Analysis of the Stone Arrow Heads Buried in the Grave Pits of Jomon Period
In this article, the authors intended to prove statistically that the stone arrow heads which were buried in grave pits had been selected from those used in daily life, and/or intentionally made for grave goods (funerary objects).The materials used were stone arrow heads unearthed from a grave pit and from other areas in the same site. The site belongs to the latest Jomon period, and is located at Satsukari in the southern part of Hokkaido. The e…
Statistical Data for Modern Japanese Crania
This report provides distance coefficients among local populations of modern male Japanese. MAHALANOBIS' D2s, Q-mode correlation coefficients, and PENROSE'S size and shape distances were computed on the basis of 33 cranial measurements shown in the text
Sexing of Japanese Skeleton and Teeth by Discriminant Function Method
This article reviews several studies on sexing bones and teeth by discriminant function method which particularly concern with the modern Japanese samples.Since PONS (1955) applied this method on human femur and sternum, investigators in the fields of physical anthropology and forensic medicine have come to recognize its usefulness for sexing, and a good number of studies have been undertaken.Using Japanese samples, HANIHARA first reported discri…
Sexing from Crown Diameters in the Permanent Teeth by Discriminant Function Method
1) Using the data on Japanese, Pima Indians, Australian Aborigines and American Negroes, the discriminant function coefficients for sexing were computed on the basis of the mesiodistal crown diameters of 7 maxillary and 7 mandibular permanent teeth excluding the third molars.2) Between-sex differences in the mean values were tested in each population (Tables 1 and 2). Although the significant differences were found in few teeth, the discriminant …
Estimation of age from the pubic symphysis by means of multiple regression analysis
This study has been carried out to assess the age from the pubic symphysial surface employing a multiple regression analysis and a quantification theory model I analysis. Using partial regression coefficients and/or normalized scores obtained from the analyses, ages of skeletal remains can be quantitatively estimated with a fairly high reliability. The use of this method is, however, limited to the samples between 18 and 38 years of age, because …
Additional features of Ainu dentition. V. Peopling of the pacific
Crown morphology of 85 plaster dental casts from skeletal and living Ainus of less than 1/8 non‐Ainu admixture is described and compared for microevolutionary and origins considerations. There is no significant sex dimorphism and few inter‐sample differences through time. Inter‐observer differences occur where observation standards are poorly established. Ainu teeth exhibit a simplified pattern and have trait frequencies more like those of Polyne…
Distances between Australian aborigines and certain other populations based on dental measurements
Affinities of Dental Characteristics in the Okinawa Islanders
Dental characteristics were investigated using plaster casts of the permanent dentition from 60 inhabitants in the central part of Okinawa Island. Frequency distributions of the dental traits in the Okinawans were very similar to those of the Japanese in the main island, Ainu and Pima Indians, but largely different from those of the Caucasoids. In addition, multivariate statistical analysis suggested that the dental characteristics in the Okinawa…
Factors Controlling Crown Size of the Deciduous Dentition
Factor analysis on mesiodistal crown diameters of the deciduous dentition was carried out using samples from Japanese and those from Australian Aborigines.The purposes of this study are to find the main factors which control size and proportion of the dentition, and to compare different populations on the basis of factors obtained.The results are summarized as follows: 1) three factors were found to be largely responsible for characterizing crown…
Mongoloid Dental Complex in the Deciduous Dentition with Special Reference to the Dentition of the Ainu
Although several investigations have been made from different aspects, the origin and the racial history of the Ainu are still remained unsolved. In this connection, it is required to investigate additional characteristics which have not been discussed so far in detail. The present article describes dental characters in the Ainu and gives some idea of morphological pattern of this population. Comparisons with the other populations are also discus…
Estimation of age from the pubic symphysis by means of multiple regression analysis
This study has been carried out to assess the age from the pubic symphysial surface employing a multiple regression analysis and a quantification theory model I analysis. Using partial regression coefficients and/or normalized scores obtained from the analyses, ages of skeletal remains can be quantitatively estimated with a fairly high reliability. The use of this method is, however, limited to the samples between 18 and 38 years of age, because …
Additional features of Ainu dentition. V. Peopling of the pacific
Crown morphology of 85 plaster dental casts from skeletal and living Ainus of less than 1/8 non‐Ainu admixture is described and compared for microevolutionary and origins considerations. There is no significant sex dimorphism and few inter‐sample differences through time. Inter‐observer differences occur where observation standards are poorly established. Ainu teeth exhibit a simplified pattern and have trait frequencies more like those of Polyne…
Reanalysis of Local Variations in the Ainu Crania
Local variations of the recent Ainu crania and their affinities to neighboring populations, both recent and prehistoric, were reanalyzed using multivariate statistical methods. Local variations in recent Ainu are apparent between the groups in northeastern and the other areas of Hokkaido. There is an evidence that the former group may have been influenced genetically to a certain extent by the Northeast Asian populations who adapted to xtremely c…
Distances between Australian aborigines and certain other populations based on dental measurements
Multivariate analysis of tooth crown morphology in Japanese-American F1 hybrids
Dual structure model.A hypothesis related to the formation of Japanese group
この論文は, 沖縄人およびアイヌを含む日本人集団の形成史を単一の仮説で説明する二重構造モデルを提唱するものである。このモデルは次の点を想定する。すなわち, 日本列島の最初の居住者は後期旧石器時代に移動してきた東南アジア系の集団で, 縄文人はその子孫である。弥生時代になって第2の移動の波が北アジアから押し寄せたため, これら2系統の集団は列島内で徐々に混血した。この混血の過程は現在も続いており, 日本人集団の二重構造性は今もなお解消されていない。したがって身体•文化の両面にみられる日本の地域性-たとえば東西日本の差など-は, 混血または文化の混合の程度が地域によって異なるために生じたと説明することができる。またこのモデルは, 日本人の形質•文化にみられるさまざまな現象を説明するのみならず, イヌやハツカネズミなど, 人間以外の動物を対象とする研究結果にも適合する。同時に, このモデルによって日本の本土, 沖縄およびアイヌ系各集団の系統関係も矛盾なく説明することができる
Japan and human evolutionary research
Aino-Cave on Shimokita Peninsula, Japan
In August 1951, we excavated three limestone caves, identified as A, B and C, in Iwaya village, Aomori Prefecture. Both caves A and B were filled with beach sand and pebbles ; there were shellmounds in cave C. In these cave-deposits we discovered human bones, animal bones and implements. The human bones were derived from the Tokugawa era as determined by the cultural remains.It was necessary to pay special attention to cave C, as two low and narr…
Age Changes in the Male Japanese Pubic Bone
T. WINGATE TODD (1920-21) studied age changes on the pubic bone of Whites and Negro-White hybrids. It is well-known that his reports have been applied widely to determine the presumptive age of the dead. In his papers he found there were slight sexual and racial differences
Identification of the Dead
The identification of the dead body is very important for forensic medicine, which requires extensive use of the technique of physical anthropology. Unfortunately, however, physical anthropologists have not developed adequate facilities for identifi-cation in Japan, although we expect to in the future. In considering the problem seriously physical anthropologists will make great contributions to forensic medicine and to physical anthropology itse…
Studies on the Deciduous Dentition of the Japanese and the Japanese-American Hybrids
I have studied the morphlogy of the deciduous dentition of Japanese children, and made comparisons with Japanese-American hybrids. The former belong to a public kindergarten in Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, and Futaba Nursery, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, and the latter to the Elizabeth Sander's Home, Oiso, Kanagawa Prefecture. They were three to six years of age
Studies on the Deciduous Dentition of the Japanese and the Japanese-American Hybrids
I have reported previously on the morphology of the deciduous incisors in this Journal (Vol. 63, No. 5). The present article is description on the deciduous canines as the second chapter of my work
Variation of the Articular Facets on the Talus
The morphology of the talus has been studied by many authors from many point of view, because this bone is very important in relation to the erect and sitting postures in man
Studies on the Deciduous Dentition of the Japanese and the Japanese-American Hybrids
This article describes the deciduous lower molars, and forms the third chapter of my work
Studies on the Deciduous Dentition of the Japanese and the Japanese-American Hybrids
This article describes the deciduous upper molars and forms the fourth chapter of my work
Sexual Diagnosis of Japanese Long Bones by Means of Discriminant Function
Sexual diagnosis of skeleton is a very important problem in the held of anthropology as well as in that of legal medicine. We have a great many methods for this purpose, but there are few of them that express our satis-faction as far as objectivity, simplicity and correctness are concerned. Considering all of these points of view, it may be affirmed, at least in the present state, that the best way is synthetic estimation by multiple measurements
Sex Diagnosis of Japanese Skulls and Scapulae by
The author previously reported in this journal (vol. 66, no. 4) on the method of sex diagnosis of the Japanese long bones by means of discriminant function. The present paper gives a method of sexing of the Japanese skulls and scapulae by the same way.The materials were modern Japanese skulls of 105 (64 males and 41 females) and the scapulae of 132 individuals (76 males and 56 females), between the ages of 20 to 60 years. All of them belong to th…
Criteria for Classification of Crown Characters of the Human Deciduous Dentition
[in Japanese]
Crown Characters of the Deciduous Dentition of the Japanese-American Hybrids
The Deflecting Wrinkle on the Lower Molars in Recent Man
[in Japanese]
Evolutionary Significance of Reduced and Supernumerary Teeth in the Dentition
Crown diameters in I1 through M1, except for I2, were compared between den titions having conical or missing upper lateral incisors (Group C) and those having normal teeth (Group N), as well as between the latter and those having supernumerary mosiodentes (Group M). The purpose of this study is to find relationship of the tooth number anomaly to the normal characters as represented by crown diameters in the remaining teeth, and to give possible i…
Some Crown Characters of the Deciduous Incisors and Canines in Japanese-American Hybrids
[in Japanese]
Tuberculum accessorium mediale internum in the Human Deciduous Lower Second Molars
[in Japanese]
Mongoloid Dental Complex in the Deciduous Dentition
Special importance was attributed to the concept of character complex in the dentition to analyse the human population histories.Based upon the comparative studies of several races, the term 'Mongoloid dental complex' was proposed for combination of the crown characters which commonly show relatively high frequencies in the deciduous dentition of the Mongoloid populations but not so in the other. The complex is, at present, confirmed to include t…
Morphological Pattern of the Deciduous Dentition in the Japanese-American Hybrids
Crown characters of the deciduous dentition in the Japanese-American hybrids were compared with those of their parental populations in the light of character complex, or morphological pattern characterizing the Mongoloid as well as Caucasoid populations.In the hybrid groups, both Japanese-Whites and Japanese-Negroes, the frequency distributions of the crown characters generally show intermediate patterns between the parental populations. At the s…
Mongoloid Dental Complex in the Deciduous Dentition with Special Reference to the Dentition of the Ainu
Although several investigations have been made from different aspects, the origin and the racial history of the Ainu are still remained unsolved. In this connection, it is required to investigate additional characteristics which have not been discussed so far in detail. The present article describes dental characters in the Ainu and gives some idea of morphological pattern of this population. Comparisons with the other populations are also discus…
Upper Lateral Incisor Variability and the Size of the Remaining Teeth
The mesiodistal crown diameters were measured on the dentition of three groups in the Pima Indians. The first group (Group N) carries the upper lateral incisors of normal shape, the second (Group R) those incisors of reduced or conical shape, and the third (Group M) malformed or over-developed type of incisors. The three groups showed more or less extent of differences as a whole, namely, Group R is smaller and Group M is larger than the Group N.…
Quantitative Analysis of the Shovel-Shaped Character in the Incisors
A new measuring instrument was designed and the degree of the shovel-shaped character in the upper central incisor was measured in terms of the largest depth of the lingual fossa from a chord between the mesial and distal marginal ridges. This method allows continuous representation of the shovel-shaping which has so far been treated as a discrete trait. In this article, some basic problems related to this method were discussed and merits of quan…
Quantitative Analysis of the Hypocone in the Human Upper Molars
A new technique which measures the relative size of the hypocone in the two-dimensional space was proposed. This measurement shows quite parallel trends to those obtained by the other methods so far employed, and allows reasonably detailed comparisons either between the molar teeth or between the racial populations. It was also emphasized, through the twin studies, that the measurements are largely controlled by genes. In addition, modern man and…
Affinities of Dental Characteristics in the Okinawa Islanders
Dental characteristics were investigated using plaster casts of the permanent dentition from 60 inhabitants in the central part of Okinawa Island. Frequency distributions of the dental traits in the Okinawans were very similar to those of the Japanese in the main island, Ainu and Pima Indians, but largely different from those of the Caucasoids. In addition, multivariate statistical analysis suggested that the dental characteristics in the Okinawa…
Factors Controlling Crown Size of the Deciduous Dentition
Factor analysis on mesiodistal crown diameters of the deciduous dentition was carried out using samples from Japanese and those from Australian Aborigines.The purposes of this study are to find the main factors which control size and proportion of the dentition, and to compare different populations on the basis of factors obtained.The results are summarized as follows: 1) three factors were found to be largely responsible for characterizing crown…
Additional features of Ainu dentition. V. Peopling of the pacific
Crown morphology of 85 plaster dental casts from skeletal and living Ainus of less than 1/8 non‐Ainu admixture is described and compared for microevolutionary and origins considerations. There is no significant sex dimorphism and few inter‐sample differences through time. Inter‐observer differences occur where observation standards are poorly established. Ainu teeth exhibit a simplified pattern and have trait frequencies more like those of Polyne…
Biology (31 works) · Medicine (28 works) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (23 works) · Geography (22 works) · Orthodontics (22 works) · Orthodontics (21 works) · Demography (17 works) · Dentition (16 works) · Mathematics (16 works) · dental development and anomalies (14 works)