C A Hastorf
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 4683 |
|---|---|
| NOME | C A Hastorf |
| PRENOMES | C A |
| SOBRENOME | Hastorf |
| ASSINATURA | HASTORF C A |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of California, Berkeley |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4661-5524 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 63 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 939 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 63 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1981 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 19 |
Identification of archaeological macrobotanical geophytes from the Taraco Peninsula, Bolivia
The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture initiated fundamental changes in the way people interacted with plant communities both in the loci of domestication and beyond. The South American Andes is one domestication center that provided some of the world’s most important foods. The domestication processes of underground storage organs (USOs) such as Solanum, Oxalis, Ullucus, Tropaeolum and Lepidium began across the high plains of t…
Ancient Conflagration
In this study, we assess competing interpretations of a burnt ceremonial structure from the terminal Middle Formative period (ca. 300–100 BCE) by analyzing the stepped platform mound at Chiripa, Bolivia, through a systematic reconstruction of the fire that destroyed it. We developed a model of potential fire pathways, their social contexts, and material indicators. Our approach contrasts incipient fires from accident or arson to planned fires ini…
Formative Exchange in the Andean Titicaca Basin
The Andean mountains have a mosaic distribution of resources, and no one place has everything a community requires for subsistence, social life and ritual. Therefore, from the very beginning of human habitation there is evidence for short-and long-distance movement and trade. Settled societies in the Andes most commonly used llama caravans that crisscrossed the mountains and highland valleys, although these are hard to identify. Here we present s…
Agriculture as Metaphor of the Andean State
This chapter explores how agriculture served as a powerful metaphor for the Andean state, shaping its ideology, organization, and relationship with the natural world. Hastorf argues that the Andean state's control and manipulation of agricultural production, particularly through large-scale irrigation systems and terracing, became a central symbol of its power and legitimacy. This agricultural metaphor permeated various aspects of Andean society,…
The Rise and Fall of Wiñaymarka
Cultural implications of crop introductions in Andean prehistory
This chapter looks at the onset of agriculture and the entrance of crop use seen archaeologically along the west coast of Peru with a focus on the tempo of uptake of foreign crops. It uses the example of Peruvian coastal plant data, spanning the time of the first plants up to the evidence for the political developments of the Early Horizon. The regular use of domestic crops in the early days of farming, especially among the more sedentary forager…
The Life Force Materialized in the Andean Religion
The flavors archaeobotany forgot
Temporal Inflection Points in Decorated Pottery
The Late Formative period immediately precedes the emergence of Tiwanaku, one of the earliest South American states, yet it is one of the most poorly understood periods in the southern Lake Titicaca Basin (Bolivia). In this article, we refine the ceramic chronology of this period with large sets of dates from eight sites, focusing on temporal inflection points in decorated ceramic styles. These points, estimated here by Bayesian models, index spe…
The Lost Half of Andean Architecture
This paper examines an eighteenth-century roof in Chinchero, Peru to show the critical role played by roofs in Andean communities across time. Roofs can reveal identity constructions, continuation of traditions, adaptations to new influences, and relationships to local environments and the sacred. We present a discussion of the importance of roofs in architectural history, the critical role played by roofs in Inca architecture, and a description …
A ~6000 yr diatom record of mid- to late Holocene fluctuations in the level of Lago Wiñaymarca, Lake Titicaca (Peru/Bolivia)
A multidecadal-scale lake-level reconstruction for Lago Wiñaymarca, the southern basin of Lake Titicaca, has been generated from diatom species abundance data. These data suggest that ~6500 cal yr BP Lago Wiñaymarca was dry, as indicated by a sediment unconformity. At ~4400 cal yr BP, the basin began to fill, as indicated by the dominance of shallow epiphytic species. It remained somewhat saline with extensive wetlands and abundant aquatic plants…
Where the Land Meets the Sea
The actions and meanings of visible and hidden spaces at Formative Chiripa
The material evidence for a ceremonial tradition in the Titicaca Basin region began in the Formative phase. It includes a dispersed range of places and material evidence that entail both open and enclosed spaces. This paper investigates the evidence for how newly sedentary populations on the Taraco peninsula created meaningful places in the landscape during the Early and Middle Formative periods. The early buildings at Chiripa referenced an anima…
The social and political aspects of food surplus
This article looks at how surplus is not only an economic reality but a state of mind, created by and reflecting the social and political relations of a group, by considering examples of historic and prehistoric food surplus. The state of one's surplus is not just what one stores, but also how others see it and think about it. Individuals are not alone, but always think of their surplus within a larger network of social and political interactions…
Identifying 'plantscapes' at the Classic Maya village of Joya de Cerén, El Salvador
Documenting Cultural Selection Pressure Changes on Chile Pepper (Capsicum baccatum L.) Seed Size Through Time in Coastal Peru (7,600 B.P.–Present)
Fishing and environmental change during the emergence of social complexity in the Lake Titicaca Basin
Political centers in context
Flotation versus dry sieving archaeobotanical remains
During excavations at the site of Casa Vieja located in the Peruvian coastal desert, archaeological plant remains were systematically collected to assess whether it is more productive and informative to sieve sandy sediments in dry environments or to process such samples by water flotation, a persistent methodological concern. At Casa Vieja, dual subsamples were collected and analyzed using both of these procedures. For dry, sandy sediment condit…
Calculating ceramic vessel volume
Calculating the volume of ceramic vessels found whole or in fragments on archaeological sites is a key analytical endeavour that can have implications for economic and social activity, including storage and feasting. Established methods for estimating volumes are mostly based on the assumption that vessel shapes approximate to a circular form in plan-view. This new study shows that such an assumption may not be warranted and that methods that ass…
Let's Drink Together
Since the Formative times, maize is and has been a highly valued social commodity in the Andes, particularly in the form of a traditional beer called chicha. While chicha production is well attested in the archaeology and ethnohistory of Andean states, the emergence of maize symbolism in earlier societies has not been systematically addressed. In this study phytolith and starch grain analyses are used to trace production, processing, and consumpt…
Diversity In Andean Chenopodium Domestication
The domestication of Chenopodium in the Andean altiplano of South America was a complex process that took place during the Formative period (1800 B.C.-A.D. 400). We identified a new archaeological morphological type of Chenopodium sp. at the La Barca site, located in the Department of Oruro, Bolivia. We analyzed testa texture, margin configuration, beak prominence, seed diameter, and testa thickness using scanning electron microscopy. As a member…
Integrated Contextual Approaches to Understanding Past Activities Using Plant and Animal Remains from Kala Uyuni, Lake Titicaca, Bolivia
Tradition Brought to the Surface
Based on more than a decade of research on the Taraco Peninsula, Titicaca Basin, Bolivia, we discuss the role of memory, tradition and ancestral participation from the earliest settled communities to the founding and influence of the Tiwanaku order. We examine the shifting role of social memory vis-à-vis public ceremonies, pottery and food production. While the earlier phases give a sense of familial community and the construction of place throug…
The fish of Lake Titicaca
Pre-Hispanic Political Change and the Role of Maize in the Central Andes of Peru
While archeologists have the capacity to track changing food use in the archeological record, they have not tended to use food systems in the study of social and political change. To do so, an awareness must be gained of the meanings of foods, which then can illuminate the strategic use of a particular food in the creation of relationships of dependence and prestige. Archeological evidence from the central Andes of Peru indicates that the role of…
The Effect of the Inka State on Sausa Agricultural Production and Crop Consumption
Through detailed paleoethnobotanical data analysis, this paper discusses the agricultural production of the prehistoric Sausa people of the Andean central highlands in the context of their autonomous regional political organization. This pattern then is compared with changes in agricultural production when the Sausa were part of the Inka empire. The evidence implies that the Inka not only required local residents to work for state production but …
Empire and Domestic Economy
Monumentality and the Rise of Religious Authority in Precontact Hawai'i [and Comments and Reply]
Andean luxury foods
Certain kinds of food can be classed as "luxurious" because they are difficult to procure and reserved for an élite - but luxury foods can be more surely defined from their context of use. Using examples from Andean archaeology the author shows how different foodstuffs perform ceremonial roles in different sectors of society. Many ordinary people use them to feed the ancestors, while the élite may put significance on a variety of consumables, inc…
Laboratory goals and considerations for multiple microfossil extraction in archaeology
Let's Drink Together
Since the Formative times, maize is and has been a highly valued social commodity in the Andes, particularly in the form of a traditional beer called chicha. While chicha production is well attested in the archaeology and ethnohistory of Andean states, the emergence of maize symbolism in earlier societies has not been systematically addressed. In this study phytolith and starch grain analyses are used to trace production, processing, and consumpt…
Food, Meals, and Daily Activities
We consider the daily practices of food preparation and consumption at the Neolithic Anatolian site of Çatalhöyük. We present the major food activities suggested from the archaeological evidence, including the timing and range of possible ingredients eaten by the residents of this thousand-year settlement. Plant, animal, and mineral resources, as well as the food production and preparation practices, are viewed in the context of the seasonal cycl…
Inka Rule in the Northern Calchaquí Valley, Argentina
Inka rule in the northern Calchaquí Valley in NW Argentina employed a varied strategy that drew the region's societies into the empire in the 15th century A.C. Surface survey, site mapping, and excavation, combined with review of historical documents, show that the Inkas applied measures designed to ensure security, intensify production of agropastoral and mineral resources, introduce state ideology, administer state activities, and establish cul…
Inca Cosmology and the Human Body
The Distribution and Contents of Inca State Storehouses in the Xauxa Region of Peru
The activities of the Inca state in the Xauxa region of the Peruvian central highlands were partially supported by the stockpiling of agricultural, gathered, and craft goods in over 2,000 storehouses, distributed among 52 architectural complexes. The spatial organization and architectural standardization of the storage facilities suggest that the accumulation and disbursement of these goods within the province was centrally managed, but that mate…
Tradition Brought to the Surface
Based on more than a decade of research on the Taraco Peninsula, Titicaca Basin, Bolivia, we discuss the role of memory, tradition and ancestral participation from the earliest settled communities to the founding and influence of the Tiwanaku order. We examine the shifting role of social memory vis-à-vis public ceremonies, pottery and food production. While the earlier phases give a sense of familial community and the construction of place throug…
The Inca Empire
The historical landscape - pre-state societies in the Andes, class and state formation - some theoretical considerations, class and state formation in the Andes Inca society before the Empire - the creation of Inca society, the prelude to Empire, the constitution of the Empire the impact of Empire - the formation and organization of the Imperial State, conquest, succession, and the changing composition of the Imperial ruling class quiescence and …
Climatic Change and Its Effect on Prehispanic Agriculture in the Central Peruvian Andes
The effect of climatic change on human and natural populations is most readily discernible in geographic locations where climate is a significant factor in limiting the range of activities. Today, as in the past, severe minimum temperatures at high altitudes limit the range of production of various crops in the Peruvian Andes. Periodic climatic cooling, as evidenced by the deposits from two recent glaciations, lowered the upper elevation limit of…
Testing old wives' tales in Palaeoethnobotany
Effect of heating on the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of bone collagen
The fish of Lake Titicaca
Current Paleoethnobotany
offers powerful tools for reconstructing past cultures by examining the interaction of human populations with the plant world. Plant remains from archaeological sites can provide information for a number of disciplines: archaeologists may use such remains to examine how plants were used, how agriculture changed over time, or how plant offerings in burials signaled social status; ecologists and botanists may use them to study morphological changes…
The cultural life of early domestic plant use
To what extent was gender an important factor in plant domestication? How much of the domestication process can be considered as cultural rather than biological? Christine Hastorf considers these and many associated questions in this topical essay about plants and people
Recent research in paleoethnobotany
Temporal Inflection Points in Decorated Pottery
The Late Formative period immediately precedes the emergence of Tiwanaku, one of the earliest South American states, yet it is one of the most poorly understood periods in the southern Lake Titicaca Basin (Bolivia). In this article, we refine the ceramic chronology of this period with large sets of dates from eight sites, focusing on temporal inflection points in decorated ceramic styles. These points, estimated here by Bayesian models, index spe…
The social and political aspects of food surplus
This article looks at how surplus is not only an economic reality but a state of mind, created by and reflecting the social and political relations of a group, by considering examples of historic and prehistoric food surplus. The state of one's surplus is not just what one stores, but also how others see it and think about it. Individuals are not alone, but always think of their surplus within a larger network of social and political interactions…
Interpretation in Context
During the past 20 years the collection of samples for flotation and subsequent paleoethnobotanical analyses have flourished. At the same time, archaeologists have become increasingly concerned with both the physical and cultural contexts of material remains. With this in mind, we must critically examine the sampling schemes used in the field and laboratory. This article presents a method that can help archaeologists recover the most complete inf…
Identifying 'plantscapes' at the Classic Maya village of Joya de Cerén, El Salvador
Late Prehistoric Wood Use in an Andean Intermontane Valley
Maps and index of radiocarbon-dated samples from Southern California
The Distribution and Contents of Inca State Storehouses in the Xauxa Region of Peru
The activities of the Inca state in the Xauxa region of the Peruvian central highlands were partially supported by the stockpiling of agricultural, gathered, and craft goods in over 2,000 storehouses, distributed among 52 architectural complexes. The spatial organization and architectural standardization of the storage facilities suggest that the accumulation and disbursement of these goods within the province was centrally managed, but that mate…
Alteration of and ratios of plant matter during the initial stages of diagenesis
Reconstruction of prehistoric plant production and cooking practices by a new isotopic method
Effect of heating on the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of bone collagen
Dietary Reconstruction in the Andes
Christine Hastorf is assistant professor at the department of anthropology, University of Minnesota, and has been working and excavating in Peru since 1977, completing her doctoral dissertation on prehistoric and modern agricultural systems there. She has recently been awarded an NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award to continue her palaeoethnobotanical research in the Peruvian Andes. With increasing anthropological interest in questions of s…
Archaeological evidence of coca (Erythroxylum coca, erythroxylaceae) in the upper mantaro valley, Peru
Paleoethnobotany
Climatic Change and Its Effect on Prehispanic Agriculture in the Central Peruvian Andes
The effect of climatic change on human and natural populations is most readily discernible in geographic locations where climate is a significant factor in limiting the range of activities. Today, as in the past, severe minimum temperatures at high altitudes limit the range of production of various crops in the Peruvian Andes. Periodic climatic cooling, as evidenced by the deposits from two recent glaciations, lowered the upper elevation limit of…
The Effect of the Inka State on Sausa Agricultural Production and Crop Consumption
Through detailed paleoethnobotanical data analysis, this paper discusses the agricultural production of the prehistoric Sausa people of the Andean central highlands in the context of their autonomous regional political organization. This pattern then is compared with changes in agricultural production when the Sausa were part of the Inka empire. The evidence implies that the Inka not only required local residents to work for state production but …
Current Paleoethnobotany
offers powerful tools for reconstructing past cultures by examining the interaction of human populations with the plant world. Plant remains from archaeological sites can provide information for a number of disciplines: archaeologists may use such remains to examine how plants were used, how agriculture changed over time, or how plant offerings in burials signaled social status; ecologists and botanists may use them to study morphological changes…
The Uses of Style in Archaeology
Testing old wives' tales in Palaeoethnobotany
The Inca Empire
The historical landscape - pre-state societies in the Andes, class and state formation - some theoretical considerations, class and state formation in the Andes Inca society before the Empire - the creation of Inca society, the prelude to Empire, the constitution of the Empire the impact of Empire - the formation and organization of the Imperial State, conquest, succession, and the changing composition of the Imperial ruling class quiescence and …
Pre-Hispanic Political Change and the Role of Maize in the Central Andes of Peru
While archeologists have the capacity to track changing food use in the archeological record, they have not tended to use food systems in the study of social and political change. To do so, an awareness must be gained of the meanings of foods, which then can illuminate the strategic use of a particular food in the creation of relationships of dependence and prestige. Archeological evidence from the central Andes of Peru indicates that the role of…
Monumentality and the Rise of Religious Authority in Precontact Hawai'i [and Comments and Reply]
The Uses of Style in Archaeology
List of contributors Preface Christine Hastorf 1. Introduction Margaret W. Conkey and Christine A. Hastorf 2. Experimenting with style in archaeology: some historical and theoretical issues Margaret W. Conkey 3. Style and history in art history Whitney Davis 4. Style and ethnicity in archaeology: the case for isochrestism James R. Sackett 5. Style as historical quality Ian Hodder 6. Investigating style: an exploratory analysis of some Plains buri…
Agriculture and the Onset of Political Inequality before the Inka
Inca Cosmology and the Human Body
Agriculture and the Onset of Political Inequality before the Inka
Introduction: politics, agriculture, and inequality Part I. Political Inequality and Economics: 2. The onset of political inequality 3. The economics of intensive Andean agriculture Part II. Socio-Political Change in the Mantaro Region: 4. Sausa cultural setting of the region 5. Upper Mantaro archaeological site and settlement data 6. Regional socio-political structures: Wanka II hierarchical developments Part III. Agricultural Production in the …
Interpretation in Context
During the past 20 years the collection of samples for flotation and subsequent paleoethnobotanical analyses have flourished. At the same time, archaeologists have become increasingly concerned with both the physical and cultural contexts of material remains. With this in mind, we must critically examine the sampling schemes used in the field and laboratory. This article presents a method that can help archaeologists recover the most complete inf…
Women and Children First
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The cultural life of early domestic plant use
To what extent was gender an important factor in plant domestication? How much of the domestication process can be considered as cultural rather than biological? Christine Hastorf considers these and many associated questions in this topical essay about plants and people
Recent Research in Paleoethnobotany
Recent research in paleoethnobotany
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