J Hackworth
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 47275 |
|---|---|
| NOME | J Hackworth |
| PRENOMES | J |
| SOBRENOME | Hackworth |
| ASSINATURA | HACKWORTH J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Toronto |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9407-7137 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 56 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 887 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 56 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1999 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 14 |
Manufacturing virtual group threat
In this reply, I argue that the lived local scale has become less important as a basis for neo-reactionary politics because of the proliferation of social networks that bond disparate individuals around narratives of loss. This dynamic is most acute in the North American urban sphere where isolation has long been a key feature
Racial Capitalism and the Propaganda of Conservative Economics
Racial capitalism has been an active terrain of political economy debate since the 1970s, but the last 5 years have seen a wider diffusion of the concept. We identify one modern component of racial capitalism that has seldom been discussed in extant work: the role of conservative economics at legitimating racial capitalist processes. To this end, we raise the following question: What does a narrative of support for racial capitalism look like in …
Anti-black rental housing discrimination in the multicultural city? A field experiment in Toronto, Canada
Racial capitalism in urban studies
The burgeoning growth of racial capitalism work within urban studies (RCUS) has garnered considerable attention. In this critical commentary, we embark on an examination of existing scholarship to ascertain its theoretical relevance within this domain. Our inquiry reveals a predominant focus on the plight of individuals ensnared in the web of everyday racial capitalism. The existing body of work predominantly directs its gaze towards what we term…
Beyond nostalgia for the Herrenvolk industrial economy
In this response to Luger and Schwarze I concur that the meaning and application of the “post-industrial” is imprecise. In particular, I argue that current manifestations of the concept background the role of racism at generating the landscapes often solely attributed to deindustrialization
Deconstructing Gentrification
Can Anti‐Blackness Become As Systematic as Uneven Development in Geography
Anti-Black residential preferences in Toronto
Urban studies scholars have explored the relationship between anti-Black residential preferences and segregation for nearly 50 years in the United States. The classical conception was that Black-white segregation was created and reinforced by a mix of anti-Black preference, discrimination, and poverty. Recently, scholars have been puzzled about why open anti-Blackness has diminished, but segregation has not. The compelling explanations for this t…
Reaction to the Black City as a Cause of Modern Conservatism
Social scientists in a variety of fields have long relied on economic-structuralist theories to understand the ascendance and hegemony of the modern Conservative Movement in the United States. In the materialist theory of political change (MTPC), structural crisis in the 1970s destabilized Keynesian-managerialism, and paved the way for neoliberalism. Key weaknesses of this approach include its relatively aspatial scope—comparatively less attentio…
Right Sizing for Efficiency and Equity but Achieving Neither
"Right Sizing for Efficiency and Equity but Achieving Neither." Journal of the American Planning Association, 87(3), pp. 440–441
W.E.B. Du Bois and the urban political economy tradition in geography
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois’s considerable contributions were actively diminished during his life and remain marginal in geography. This is unfortunate for urban geography, particularly its political economy wing, because his empirical and theoretical work offer an illuminating internal critique of modern debates in the field. This review essay attempts to initiate a wider dialogue about the potential value of Du Bois to the influential urba…
Foregrounding racism as a cause of urban decline
Why Black‐Majority Neighbourhoods Are The Epicentre Of Population Shrinkage In The American Rust Belt
Despite a clear association between the most African‐American neighbourhoods and overall population shrinkage in Rust Belt cities, few have explored the theoretical challenges that this poses. First, if racial prejudice is the key ingredient for this relationship, why would this result in overall population loss and not simply a reduction of White residents? Second, why if stigmatisation generates the pre‐conditions for in‐migration and investmen…
Shrinking Cities, Shrinking Households, or Both
Household size decline accounts for a substantial portion of population loss in shrinking cities, yet little research has focused on it. Much of the literature presents a simple growth/decline binary that is largely determined via population figures. In this paper, we highlight the importance and assess the impact of household size changes on population decline, and determine what types of household size declines are more acute in shrinking citie…
Manufacturing Decline
For decades, the distressed cities of the Rust Belt have been symbols of deindustrialization and postindustrial decay, their troubles cast as the inevitable outcome of economic change. The debate about why the fortunes of cities such as Detroit have fallen looms large over questions of social policy. In Manufacturing Decline, Jason Hackworth offers a powerful critique of the role of Rust Belt cities in American political discourse, arguing that a…
The Neoliberal City
The shift in the ideological winds toward a "free-market" economy has brought profound effects in urban areas. The Neoliberal City presents an overview of the effect of these changes on today's cities. The term "neoliberalism" was originally used in reference to a set of practices that first-world institutions like the IMF and World Bank impose on third-world countries and cities. The support of unimpeded trade and individual freedoms and the dis…
Navigating Ethnicity
Urban crisis as conservative bonding capital
The rise of neoliberalism in the United States is often linked to the economic crises of the 1970s. Within this narrative, stagflation, the OPEC oil embargo and the first major postwar threats to American economic hegemony challenged the ideational supremacy of Keynesianism. With major corporate organizational help, the ideas of once obscure economists were then elevated to policy by sympathetic politicians. This narrative is important but fails …
Gentrification As A Politico‐Economic Window
This essay provides some reflections on the ‘Changing State of Gentrification’ article published in 2001. I focus on three areas that have been raised as critiques of this article: (i) the issue of generalisability; (ii) the mechanics of ‘waves’; and (iii) the conceptualisation of the state. I reemphasise the importance of using gentrification as a window to wider politico‐economic change
Race and the Production of Extreme Land Abandonment in the American Rust Belt
Extreme land abandonment is one of the most visible expressions of urban decline. Conventional theory emphasizes housing lifecycle processes, municipal fiscal challenges and deindustrialization to explain its prevalence. Empirically however, these factors are not strongly associated with the most extreme instances of land abandonment in the American Rust Belt. Race, by contrast, is strongly associated with these patterns, yet there is little ment…
Introduction
This chapter summarizes some of the prominent meanings of faith-based welfare. It considers the ways in which various radical right Christian philosophical movements support neoliberalism in an ideational way, and then focuses on the actualized influence that these movements have on welfare policy. Formal efforts to fuse the neoliberal and religiously conservative wings of the American Right have existed at least since the 1960s and have been cov…
Defiant Neoliberalism and the Danger of Detroit
Critical geographical studies of neoliberalism have emphasised how local spatialities complicate the implementation and theorisation of top‐down, idealised versions of the ideology. The central assumption is that local circumstances autonomously contradict or disrupt such deployments of neoliberalism. This paper explores the deployment of ‘defiant neoliberalism’, and the use of Detroit as a vehicle to promote and ‘prove’ its veracity. Some geogra…
Demolition as urban policy in the American Rust Belt
Demolition has long been a component of urban policy in the United States and elsewhere. Until recently, however, demolition was seen as a mere component of a wider policy-e.g. the first step to build an affordable housing complex, or a revived commercial strip. Recently some have suggested that demolition can have stand-alone regenerative effects-that is, if blighted housing is demolished, surrounding markets and neighborhoods will heal and rege…
Using market-based policies to address market collapse in the American Rust Belt
Land abandonment is an acute problem for shrinking cities throughout the world. The prevailing legal paradigm in the United States relies on market logics to address abandonment—specifically by auctioning abandoned parcels to the highest bidder. This emphasis is reinforced by a variety of structural forces at multiple scales, despite its highly questionable efficacy as a way to return land to "productive use." In this article, we explore the case…
Why there is no Detroit in Canada
Despite significant structural similarities, Canadian and American Rust Belt cities have very different levels of inner core land abandonment. Cities like Detroit and Cleveland are filled with thousands of vacant lots. No abandonment of this magnitude exists in the Canadian Rust Belt, despite significant deindustrialization, suburbanization, wealth, and localist politics—all factors theorized to be central causes for American Rust Belt abandonmen…
The changing state of gentrification
Gentrification has changed in ways that are related to larger economic and political restructuring. Among these changes is the return of heavy state intervention in the process. This paper explores heightened state involvement in gentrification by examining the process in three New York City neighbourhoods: Clinton, Long Island City, and DUMBO (Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass). We argue that state intervention has returned for three key …
Postrecession Gentrification in New York City
Although multiple authors have identified changes to gentrification since the early 1990s recession, there is not yet a composite sketch of the process in its contemporary form. The author synthesizes the growing body of literature on postrecession gentrification and explores its manifestation in three New York City neighborhoods. The literature points to four fundamental changes in the way that gentrification works. First, corporate developers a…
Ethnic Packaging and Gentrification
Urban theory has historically situated ethnic commercial strips as an organic extension of nearby ethnic residential enclaving. While this is still a useful way to frame such commercial spaces in many cities, this article argues that some areas of this sort function as a marketable branding mechanism (intended or not) to produce nearby residential gentrification. This article explores the influence of ethnic packaging on the process of gentrifica…
The Neoliberal City
The shift in the ideological winds toward a "free-market" economy has brought profound effects in urban areas. The Neoliberal City presents an overview of the effect of these changes on today's cities. The term "neoliberalism" was originally used in reference to a set of practices that first-world institutions like the IMF and World Bank impose on third-world countries and cities. The support of unimpeded trade and individual freedoms and the dis…
Neoliberalism, Contingency and Urban Policy
Various authors have argued that common understandings of neoliberalism are flawed because they do not adequately account for its geographical contingency or internal contradictions. Many have suggested that neoliberalism is either too internally riven with contradiction to be considered a singular consistent project, or that its implementation is so locally contingent that we cannot plausibly speak of one ideal-type placeless ideology. Primarily…
Local autonomy, bond-rating agencies and neoliberal urbanism in the United States
The influence of bond-rating agencies on local autonomy is explored in light of recent research which views autonomy not as the degree of separation from the global economy, but rather as the nature of the interaction that places have with the wider politico-economic sphere. Based on the recent experience of American cities, it appears that the activities of rating agencies influence local autonomy more so now than during the immediate postwar pe…
The Neoliberal City
Rightsizing as Spatial Austerity in the American Rust Belt
Rightsizing' is a planning paradigm currently being applied to shrinking cities in North America and Europe. The central idea is to avoid the trap of growth-oriented planning by restructuring the urban landscape around mixed-income, mixed-use clusters. By replacing the current sprawling inefficiency, proponents argue, environmental, equity, and infrastructure efficiency goals can be achieved. Some have worried however, that rightsizing is merely …
Inner-City Real Estate Investment, Gentrification, and Economic Recession in New York City
Considerable debate about the significance of the early 1990s recession (and subsequent property boom) on gentrification is still largely unresolved because the scale of analysis used to research this question has continued to focus on the neighborhood. This study examines the influence of recession on gentrification in New York City through citywide housing-market data. By using a wider lens to examine gentrification, the larger progression of u…
Faith, Welfare, and the City
Studies of neoliberalism have focused on the rollback/rollout nature of the process as it manifests in different urban geographies. According to this narrative, neoliberalism and its proponents mobilize to roll back Keynesian or socialist institutions, while simultaneously or subsequently mobilizing a rollout of institutions that might reproduce a neoliberal social order in the future. Somewhat lost in this narrative, with its emphasis on the cre…
Demolition as urban policy in the American Rust Belt
Demolition has long been a component of urban policy in the United States and elsewhere. Until recently, however, demolition was seen as a mere component of a wider policy-e.g. the first step to build an affordable housing complex, or a revived commercial strip. Recently some have suggested that demolition can have stand-alone regenerative effects-that is, if blighted housing is demolished, surrounding markets and neighborhoods will heal and rege…
The Collision of Faith and Economic Development in Toronto’s Inner Suburban Industrial Districts
New places of worship have grown dramatically within former industrial areas in recent decades in Toronto. Many have located within areas that are officially protected against the incursion of nonindustrial land users. The protection of these zones, known as “employment districts,” from noncommercial users has become a centerpiece of Toronto’s economic development strategy. This strategy and the massive expansion of places of worship attempting t…
Why there is no Detroit in Canada
Despite significant structural similarities, Canadian and American Rust Belt cities have very different levels of inner core land abandonment. Cities like Detroit and Cleveland are filled with thousands of vacant lots. No abandonment of this magnitude exists in the Canadian Rust Belt, despite significant deindustrialization, suburbanization, wealth, and localist politics—all factors theorized to be central causes for American Rust Belt abandonmen…
Progressive Activism in a Neoliberal Context
Recent characterizations of social policy transitions in a variety of national contexts have pointed to the influence of neoliberalism so frequently that some have begun to refer to it (neoliberalism) as the new metaconcept in social theory
Public Housing and the Rescaling of Regulation in the USA
The simultaneous upward and downward rescaling of regulation has dramatically altered welfare provisioning systems in very different national contexts during the past thirty years. Frequently lost in the literature on rescaling, though, is the notion that localities have not been 'given' power in the same way that international institutions have. Though local institutional variation accounts for more difference in welfare provision than before, t…
The Durability of Roll-Out Neoliberalism Under Centre-Left Governance
Jason Hackworth’s “The Durability of Roll-out Neoliberalism Under Centre-Left Governance: The Case of Ontario’s Social Housing Sector” raises the fact that Centre-Left governments pose a particular set of problems for activists aiming to undermine or reverse neoliberal policies. This study explores social housing in Ontario during the past 10 years to illustrate and reflect upon this issue. The sector was ravaged by the Tory “Common Sense Revolut…
Using market-based policies to address market collapse in the American Rust Belt
Land abandonment is an acute problem for shrinking cities throughout the world. The prevailing legal paradigm in the United States relies on market logics to address abandonment—specifically by auctioning abandoned parcels to the highest bidder. This emphasis is reinforced by a variety of structural forces at multiple scales, despite its highly questionable efficacy as a way to return land to "productive use." In this article, we explore the case…
Gentrification As A Politico‐Economic Window
This essay provides some reflections on the ‘Changing State of Gentrification’ article published in 2001. I focus on three areas that have been raised as critiques of this article: (i) the issue of generalisability; (ii) the mechanics of ‘waves’; and (iii) the conceptualisation of the state. I reemphasise the importance of using gentrification as a window to wider politico‐economic change
Compassionate Neoliberalism
(2010). Compassionate Neoliberalism?: Evangelical Christianity, the Welfare State, and the Politics of the Right. Studies in Political Economy / Recherches en économie politique: Vol. 86, No. 1, pp. 83-108
Neoliberalism, Partiality, and the Politics of Faith-Based Welfare in the United States
Since the inception of Western liberal democracy, the separation of church and state has been held in constant tension. Jason Hackworth's article, Neoliberalism, Partiality, and the Politics of Faith-based Welfare in the United States, provides a compelling analysis of the rise of faith-based social services in America. He locates this shift as part of a broader transformation of welfarism from state provision to social service contracting. His a…
Race and the Production of Extreme Land Abandonment in the American Rust Belt
Extreme land abandonment is one of the most visible expressions of urban decline. Conventional theory emphasizes housing lifecycle processes, municipal fiscal challenges and deindustrialization to explain its prevalence. Empirically however, these factors are not strongly associated with the most extreme instances of land abandonment in the American Rust Belt. Race, by contrast, is strongly associated with these patterns, yet there is little ment…
Shrinking Cities, Shrinking Households, or Both
Household size decline accounts for a substantial portion of population loss in shrinking cities, yet little research has focused on it. Much of the literature presents a simple growth/decline binary that is largely determined via population figures. In this paper, we highlight the importance and assess the impact of household size changes on population decline, and determine what types of household size declines are more acute in shrinking citie…
Urban crisis as conservative bonding capital
The rise of neoliberalism in the United States is often linked to the economic crises of the 1970s. Within this narrative, stagflation, the OPEC oil embargo and the first major postwar threats to American economic hegemony challenged the ideational supremacy of Keynesianism. With major corporate organizational help, the ideas of once obscure economists were then elevated to policy by sympathetic politicians. This narrative is important but fails …
Racial capitalism in urban studies
The burgeoning growth of racial capitalism work within urban studies (RCUS) has garnered considerable attention. In this critical commentary, we embark on an examination of existing scholarship to ascertain its theoretical relevance within this domain. Our inquiry reveals a predominant focus on the plight of individuals ensnared in the web of everyday racial capitalism. The existing body of work predominantly directs its gaze towards what we term…
Why Black‐Majority Neighbourhoods Are The Epicentre Of Population Shrinkage In The American Rust Belt
Despite a clear association between the most African‐American neighbourhoods and overall population shrinkage in Rust Belt cities, few have explored the theoretical challenges that this poses. First, if racial prejudice is the key ingredient for this relationship, why would this result in overall population loss and not simply a reduction of White residents? Second, why if stigmatisation generates the pre‐conditions for in‐migration and investmen…
Local Planning and Economic Restructuring
This paper presents an analysis of commercial land redevelopment in the Phoenix Metropolitan area during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Using four specific cases, I show how local landscape change is connected to the broader forces of urban restructuring. In addition, I discuss important differences between the city-building process in a central core and a suburban process within this structural context. The local deviations from the structural …
The New Middle Class and the Remaking of the Central City
Organizing the Landscape
State Devolution, Urban Regimes, and the Production of Geographic Scale
Regime theory attempts to understand the complexity of governance in an era of public-private cooperation. Yet because it is an explicit attempt to avoid the economism of past state theory, it struggles to understand how regimes become agents of capitalism. This study examines the process of regime formation in New Brunswick, New Jersey, by focusing on how its activities have become increasingly motivated by the expansion-exclusion dialectic of c…
The changing state of gentrification
Gentrification has changed in ways that are related to larger economic and political restructuring. Among these changes is the return of heavy state intervention in the process. This paper explores heightened state involvement in gentrification by examining the process in three New York City neighbourhoods: Clinton, Long Island City, and DUMBO (Down Under the Manhattan Bridge Overpass). We argue that state intervention has returned for three key …
Inner-City Real Estate Investment, Gentrification, and Economic Recession in New York City
Considerable debate about the significance of the early 1990s recession (and subsequent property boom) on gentrification is still largely unresolved because the scale of analysis used to research this question has continued to focus on the neighborhood. This study examines the influence of recession on gentrification in New York City through citywide housing-market data. By using a wider lens to examine gentrification, the larger progression of u…
Postrecession Gentrification in New York City
Although multiple authors have identified changes to gentrification since the early 1990s recession, there is not yet a composite sketch of the process in its contemporary form. The author synthesizes the growing body of literature on postrecession gentrification and explores its manifestation in three New York City neighborhoods. The literature points to four fundamental changes in the way that gentrification works. First, corporate developers a…
Local autonomy, bond-rating agencies and neoliberal urbanism in the United States
The influence of bond-rating agencies on local autonomy is explored in light of recent research which views autonomy not as the degree of separation from the global economy, but rather as the nature of the interaction that places have with the wider politico-economic sphere. Based on the recent experience of American cities, it appears that the activities of rating agencies influence local autonomy more so now than during the immediate postwar pe…
Social polarization and the politics of low income mortgage lending in the united states
The structured inequalities of capital investment and disinvestment are prominent themes in critical urban and regional research, but many accounts portray ‘capital’ as a global, faceless and placeless abstraction operating according to a hidden, unitary logic. Sweeping political‐economic shifts in the last generation demonstrate that capital may shape urban and regional processes in many different ways, and each of these manifestations creates d…
Globalizing Cities
Key Words: economic restructuringglobalizationurban form
Public Housing and the Rescaling of Regulation in the USA
The simultaneous upward and downward rescaling of regulation has dramatically altered welfare provisioning systems in very different national contexts during the past thirty years. Frequently lost in the literature on rescaling, though, is the notion that localities have not been 'given' power in the same way that international institutions have. Though local institutional variation accounts for more difference in welfare provision than before, t…
Gentrification Processes
Emergent Urban Forms, or Emergent Post-Modernisms? A Comparison of Large U.S. Metropolitan Areas
Post-modern urban theory has problematized the universality of existing models of urban form by focusing on fluidity and complexity in the urban landscape. Urban form is "chaotic," "galactic," and even "random" according to this view. Somewhat lost in this perspective are the emergent urban forms occurring in a wide variety of cities. This paper challenges the universalization of landscape complexity that lies at the core of post-modern urbanism …
Progressive Activism in a Neoliberal Context
Recent characterizations of social policy transitions in a variety of national contexts have pointed to the influence of neoliberalism so frequently that some have begun to refer to it (neoliberalism) as the new metaconcept in social theory
Ethnic Packaging and Gentrification
Urban theory has historically situated ethnic commercial strips as an organic extension of nearby ethnic residential enclaving. While this is still a useful way to frame such commercial spaces in many cities, this article argues that some areas of this sort function as a marketable branding mechanism (intended or not) to produce nearby residential gentrification. This article explores the influence of ethnic packaging on the process of gentrifica…
Neoliberalism, Contingency and Urban Policy
Various authors have argued that common understandings of neoliberalism are flawed because they do not adequately account for its geographical contingency or internal contradictions. Many have suggested that neoliberalism is either too internally riven with contradiction to be considered a singular consistent project, or that its implementation is so locally contingent that we cannot plausibly speak of one ideal-type placeless ideology. Primarily…
Space, Power and Participation
Urban pattern and land cover variation in the greater Toronto area
Recent epistemological shifts in environmental geography have created a space to consider the interactions between ecological and urban systems more seriously. While openness to thinking about urban ecosystems has increased in recent years, there remain fundamental gaps in our knowledge. For example, recent research has examined the impact of urban–rural gradients on ecological conditions, but major voids exist regarding the relationship between …
The Durability of Roll-Out Neoliberalism Under Centre-Left Governance
Jason Hackworth’s “The Durability of Roll-out Neoliberalism Under Centre-Left Governance: The Case of Ontario’s Social Housing Sector” raises the fact that Centre-Left governments pose a particular set of problems for activists aiming to undermine or reverse neoliberal policies. This study explores social housing in Ontario during the past 10 years to illustrate and reflect upon this issue. The sector was ravaged by the Tory “Common Sense Revolut…
The Neoliberal City
An Expression of Appreciation
Neoliberalism, Partiality, and the Politics of Faith-Based Welfare in the United States
Since the inception of Western liberal democracy, the separation of church and state has been held in constant tension. Jason Hackworth's article, Neoliberalism, Partiality, and the Politics of Faith-based Welfare in the United States, provides a compelling analysis of the rise of faith-based social services in America. He locates this shift as part of a broader transformation of welfarism from state provision to social service contracting. His a…
Normalizing 'Solutions' to 'Government Failure
The notion of 'government failure' is central to theories of neoliberal normativity. Rather than focusing on 'market failures' and their correctives, neoliberalism aims to demonstrate ways that government 'incompetence', 'inefficiency', and 'graft' pollute or completely block the provision of adequate public services. Little work has been done, however, to determine the extent to which this notion has been accepted within the political mainstream…
Compassionate Neoliberalism
(2010). Compassionate Neoliberalism?: Evangelical Christianity, the Welfare State, and the Politics of the Right. Studies in Political Economy / Recherches en économie politique: Vol. 86, No. 1, pp. 83-108
Faith, Welfare, and the City
Studies of neoliberalism have focused on the rollback/rollout nature of the process as it manifests in different urban geographies. According to this narrative, neoliberalism and its proponents mobilize to roll back Keynesian or socialist institutions, while simultaneously or subsequently mobilizing a rollout of institutions that might reproduce a neoliberal social order in the future. Somewhat lost in this narrative, with its emphasis on the cre…
Political science (41 obras) · Sociology (39 obras) · Law (33 obras) · Economics (28 obras) · Politics (27 obras) · Political economy (23 obras) · Geography (22 obras) · Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism (20 obras) · Urbanization and City Planning (19 obras) · Law (18 obras)