H Orom
Biographic Data
| ID | 47295 |
|---|---|
| NAME | H Orom |
| GIVEN NAMES | H |
| FAMILY NAME | Orom |
| SIGNATURE | OROM H |
| AFFILIATIONS | University at Buffalo, State University of New York |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0147-8378 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 25 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 54 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 25 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Reasons people avoid colorectal cancer information: A mixed-methods study
OBJECTIVE: With screening, colorectal cancer can be detected when treatable, or even prevented. However, approximately one in five people tend to avoid colorectal cancer information, and avoidance is associated with being less likely to have been screened for the disease. Crucial to developing strategies to reduce information avoidance, we sought a comprehensive understanding of reasons people avoid colorectal cancer information. METHODS AND MEAS…
I don’t know my child’s asthma risk: Evidence against satisficing as an explanation for ‘don’t know’ responses
Several studies suggest that "don't know" (DK) responses to risk perception items may represent meaningful expressions of uncertainty about disease risk. However, researchers are often discouraged from including a DK response option in survey items due to concerns about respondents overusing it to minimize cognitive effort-a phenomenon often referred to as satisficing . Our objective was to investigate whether patterns of DK responses to risk per…
Dismissing “Don’t Know” Responses to Perceived Risk Survey Items Threatens the Validity of Theoretical and Empirical Behavior-Change Research
Since the middle of the 20th century, perceptions of risk have been critical to understanding engagement in volitional behavior change. However, theoretical and empirical risk perception research seldom considers the possibility that risk perceptions do not simply exist: They must be formed. Thus, some people may not have formulated a perception of risk for a hazard at the time a researcher asks them, or they may not be confident in the extent to…
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Prosocial Beliefs and Prevention Behavior During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Prevention is political: Political party affiliation predicts perceived risk and prevention behaviors for Covid-19
This differential response may affect virus transmission patterns and poses a considerable challenge for health communications efforts
Examining strategies for addressing high levels of ‘I don’t know’ responding to risk perception questions for colorectal cancer and diabetes: An experimental investigation
Objective Many people say they ‘don’t know’ their risk for common diseases (DK responders). Inadequate health literacy and higher disease information avoidance may suppress risk knowledge and thereby increase DK responding. Study goals were to examine two plausible interventions to address the health education needs of DK responders. Design: Participants were identified in a pre-screener as DK responders for either diabetes or colorectal cancer (…
Agency beliefs are associated with lower health information avoidance
Background: Avoiding health information is relatively common and is associated with lower knowledge of health risks and lower engagement in protective health behaviour. Health information avoidance likely limits the effectiveness of health communication interventions. Objective: To identify beliefs associated with avoiding health information. Design: Two cross-sectional studies. Setting: Two representative samples of adults residing in the USA. M…
Financial scarcity is indirectly related to multiple aspects of executive function through stress and the strength of association depends on childhood poverty
Financial scarcity, or having insufficient financial resources to meet needs, directly impairs multiple aspects of executive function (EF). Financial scarcity is also stressful and stress impairs EF, however, whether stress mediates the effect of scarcity on EF, and whether these associations vary by either the aspect of EF being measured, or self-reported developmental history of poverty, is not known. Data were collected from a cross-sectional …
‘Don’t know’ responding and estimates of perceived risk: Failing to provide a ‘don’t know’ response systematically biases laypeople’s perceived risk estimates
Individuals sometimes report that they don’t know their risk for a health problem, but many studies of illness risk perception do not provide a ‘don’t know’ (DK) response option. We examined how providing versus not providing a DK option affected responding – either the number of DK responses when the option was provided or the number of skips when a DK option was not provided. We also examined whether it systematically affected perceived risk es…
Cultural worldviews and perceived risk of colon cancer and diabetes
Individuals with different cultural worldviews conceptualize risks in distinct ways, yet this work has not extended to personal illness risk perception. The purpose of this study was to 1) examine the relationships between two types of cultural worldviews (Hierarchy-Egalitarian; Individualism-Communitarianism) and perceived risk (perceived severity and susceptibility) for diabetes and colon cancer, 2) test whether health literacy modifies the abo…
Refuge in new food environments? The role of urban planning in facilitating food equity for new Americans
In the United States, resettled refugees arrive in designated resettlement cities where they can in theory start a new life with support systems in place. Although refugee resettlement agencies are the main point of contact upon arrival, agencies are mandated to work with refugees for 90 days. Traditionally, local governments have not had purposeful contact with resettled refugee populations, yet the policies they enact and built environments the…
Causes and consequences of uncertainty about illness risk perceptions
We identified determinants of uncertainty about perceived risk judgments and demonstrated that uncertainty is associated with lower engagement in risk-reducing behavior. We found that people likely have metacognitive awareness of when their judgments are overly pessimistic, resulting in uncertainty and that question context (more constraints) and people's time orientation (future orientation) are associated with lower uncertainty. Uncertainty abo…
Differences in Rural and Urban Health Information Access and Use
PURPOSE: Rural residents may have lower access to and use of certain health information sources relative to urban residents. We investigated differences in information source access and use between rural and urban US adults and whether having low health literacy might exacerbate rural disparities in access to and use of health information. METHODS: Six hundred participants (50% rural) completed an online survey about access and use of 25 health i…
Health Literacy and Use and Trust in Health Information
There is a need to investigate which health information sources are used and trusted by people with limited health literacy to help identify strategies for addressing knowledge gaps that can contribute to preventable illness. We examined whether health literacy was associated with people's use of and trust in a range of potential health information sources. Six hundred participants from a GfK Internet survey panel completed an online survey. We a…
Racial Discrimination and Stigma Consciousness Are Associated with Higher Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Minority Men
Nativity and Perceived Healthcare Quality
Avoiding cancer risk information
Perceived cancer risk and risk attributions among African-American residents of a low-income, predominantly African-American neighborhood
Objective. In some national surveys, African-Americans have had lower scores on perceived cancer risk items than whites. Our goals were to confirm low perceptions of cancer risk in an African-American community sample and explore participants' attributions for their perceived cancer risk.Design. Data were from three cross-sectional surveys. We report levels of perceived absolute and comparative cancer risk in a community sample of African-America…
The Role of Social Toxicity in Responses to a Slowly‐Evolving Environmental Disaster: The Case of Amphibole Asbestos Exposure in Libby, Montana, USA
Experiencing a disaster has significant negative effects on psychological adjustment. Case study accounts point to two consistent trends in slowly‐evolving environmental disasters: (a) patterns of negative social dynamics, and (b) relatively worse psychological outcomes than in natural disasters. Researchers have begun to explicitly postulate that the social consequences of slowly‐evolving environmental disasters (e.g., community conflict) have t…
Life‐Threatening Disparities: The Treatment of Black and White Cancer Patients
Cancer mortality and survival rates are much poorer for Black patients than for White patients. We argue that Black–White treatment disparities are a major reason for these disparities. We examine three specific kinds of Black–White treatment disparities: disparities in information exchange in oncology interactions, disparities in the treatment of breast cancer, and disparities in the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer. In the fina…
A Typology of Communication Dynamics in Families Living a Slow-Motion Technological Disaster
With increasing numbers of communities harmed by exposures to toxic substances, greater understanding of the psychosocial consequences of these technological disasters is needed. One community living the consequences of a slow-motion technological disaster is Libby, Montana, where, for nearly 70 years, amphibole asbestos-contaminated vermiculite was mined and processed. Former mine employees and Libby area residents continue to cope with the heal…
Community‐Level Social Support Responses in a Slow‐Motion Technological Disaster: The Case of Libby, Montana
Social support is an important resource for communities experiencing disasters. However, a disaster's nature (rapid‐ versus slow‐onset, natural versus technological) may influence community‐level responses. Disaster research on social support focuses primarily on rapid‐onset natural disasters and, to a lesser extent, rapid‐onset technological disasters. Little research has addressed slow‐onset disasters. This study explores social support process…
Personality dynamics, meaning, and idiosyncrasy: Identifying cross-situational coherence by assessing personality architecture
What Underlies Appraisals? Experimentally Testing a Knowledge‐and‐Appraisal Model of Personality Architecture Among Smokers Contemplating High‐Risk Situations
We tested a theoretical model of personality structures underlying patterns of intra‐individual variability in contextualized appraisals. The KAPA (Knowledge‐and‐Appraisal Personality Architecture) model was tested experimentally among smokers appraising their efficacy to resist the urge to smoke in high‐risk situations. In a novel design, we assessed self‐knowledge and situational beliefs idiographically and employed cognitive priming to manipul…
Race and Sex Differences in Cutaneous Pain Perception
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine race and sex differences in cutaneous pain perception. METHODS: Pain perception was measured using a suprathreshold evaluation of pain intensity and pain unpleasantness to a series of thermal stimuli in 27 whites (14 men and 13 women) and 24 African Americans (12 men and 12 women). Blood pressure, depressive symptoms, anxiety state levels, and negative mood were assessed before pain testing to…
Avoiding cancer risk information
Racial Discrimination and Stigma Consciousness Are Associated with Higher Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Minority Men
Community‐Level Social Support Responses in a Slow‐Motion Technological Disaster: The Case of Libby, Montana
Social support is an important resource for communities experiencing disasters. However, a disaster's nature (rapid‐ versus slow‐onset, natural versus technological) may influence community‐level responses. Disaster research on social support focuses primarily on rapid‐onset natural disasters and, to a lesser extent, rapid‐onset technological disasters. Little research has addressed slow‐onset disasters. This study explores social support process…
Personality dynamics, meaning, and idiosyncrasy: Identifying cross-situational coherence by assessing personality architecture
Life‐Threatening Disparities: The Treatment of Black and White Cancer Patients
Cancer mortality and survival rates are much poorer for Black patients than for White patients. We argue that Black–White treatment disparities are a major reason for these disparities. We examine three specific kinds of Black–White treatment disparities: disparities in information exchange in oncology interactions, disparities in the treatment of breast cancer, and disparities in the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer. In the fina…
Causes and consequences of uncertainty about illness risk perceptions
We identified determinants of uncertainty about perceived risk judgments and demonstrated that uncertainty is associated with lower engagement in risk-reducing behavior. We found that people likely have metacognitive awareness of when their judgments are overly pessimistic, resulting in uncertainty and that question context (more constraints) and people's time orientation (future orientation) are associated with lower uncertainty. Uncertainty abo…
Refuge in new food environments? The role of urban planning in facilitating food equity for new Americans
In the United States, resettled refugees arrive in designated resettlement cities where they can in theory start a new life with support systems in place. Although refugee resettlement agencies are the main point of contact upon arrival, agencies are mandated to work with refugees for 90 days. Traditionally, local governments have not had purposeful contact with resettled refugee populations, yet the policies they enact and built environments the…
Perceived cancer risk and risk attributions among African-American residents of a low-income, predominantly African-American neighborhood
Objective. In some national surveys, African-Americans have had lower scores on perceived cancer risk items than whites. Our goals were to confirm low perceptions of cancer risk in an African-American community sample and explore participants' attributions for their perceived cancer risk.Design. Data were from three cross-sectional surveys. We report levels of perceived absolute and comparative cancer risk in a community sample of African-America…
A Typology of Communication Dynamics in Families Living a Slow-Motion Technological Disaster
With increasing numbers of communities harmed by exposures to toxic substances, greater understanding of the psychosocial consequences of these technological disasters is needed. One community living the consequences of a slow-motion technological disaster is Libby, Montana, where, for nearly 70 years, amphibole asbestos-contaminated vermiculite was mined and processed. Former mine employees and Libby area residents continue to cope with the heal…
Race and Sex Differences in Cutaneous Pain Perception
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine race and sex differences in cutaneous pain perception. METHODS: Pain perception was measured using a suprathreshold evaluation of pain intensity and pain unpleasantness to a series of thermal stimuli in 27 whites (14 men and 13 women) and 24 African Americans (12 men and 12 women). Blood pressure, depressive symptoms, anxiety state levels, and negative mood were assessed before pain testing to…
What Underlies Appraisals? Experimentally Testing a Knowledge‐and‐Appraisal Model of Personality Architecture Among Smokers Contemplating High‐Risk Situations
We tested a theoretical model of personality structures underlying patterns of intra‐individual variability in contextualized appraisals. The KAPA (Knowledge‐and‐Appraisal Personality Architecture) model was tested experimentally among smokers appraising their efficacy to resist the urge to smoke in high‐risk situations. In a novel design, we assessed self‐knowledge and situational beliefs idiographically and employed cognitive priming to manipul…
Personality dynamics, meaning, and idiosyncrasy: Identifying cross-situational coherence by assessing personality architecture
Community‐Level Social Support Responses in a Slow‐Motion Technological Disaster: The Case of Libby, Montana
Social support is an important resource for communities experiencing disasters. However, a disaster's nature (rapid‐ versus slow‐onset, natural versus technological) may influence community‐level responses. Disaster research on social support focuses primarily on rapid‐onset natural disasters and, to a lesser extent, rapid‐onset technological disasters. Little research has addressed slow‐onset disasters. This study explores social support process…
Life‐Threatening Disparities: The Treatment of Black and White Cancer Patients
Cancer mortality and survival rates are much poorer for Black patients than for White patients. We argue that Black–White treatment disparities are a major reason for these disparities. We examine three specific kinds of Black–White treatment disparities: disparities in information exchange in oncology interactions, disparities in the treatment of breast cancer, and disparities in the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer. In the fina…
A Typology of Communication Dynamics in Families Living a Slow-Motion Technological Disaster
With increasing numbers of communities harmed by exposures to toxic substances, greater understanding of the psychosocial consequences of these technological disasters is needed. One community living the consequences of a slow-motion technological disaster is Libby, Montana, where, for nearly 70 years, amphibole asbestos-contaminated vermiculite was mined and processed. Former mine employees and Libby area residents continue to cope with the heal…
Perceived cancer risk and risk attributions among African-American residents of a low-income, predominantly African-American neighborhood
Objective. In some national surveys, African-Americans have had lower scores on perceived cancer risk items than whites. Our goals were to confirm low perceptions of cancer risk in an African-American community sample and explore participants' attributions for their perceived cancer risk.Design. Data were from three cross-sectional surveys. We report levels of perceived absolute and comparative cancer risk in a community sample of African-America…
The Role of Social Toxicity in Responses to a Slowly‐Evolving Environmental Disaster: The Case of Amphibole Asbestos Exposure in Libby, Montana, USA
Experiencing a disaster has significant negative effects on psychological adjustment. Case study accounts point to two consistent trends in slowly‐evolving environmental disasters: (a) patterns of negative social dynamics, and (b) relatively worse psychological outcomes than in natural disasters. Researchers have begun to explicitly postulate that the social consequences of slowly‐evolving environmental disasters (e.g., community conflict) have t…
Nativity and Perceived Healthcare Quality
Avoiding cancer risk information
Racial Discrimination and Stigma Consciousness Are Associated with Higher Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Minority Men
Health Literacy and Use and Trust in Health Information
There is a need to investigate which health information sources are used and trusted by people with limited health literacy to help identify strategies for addressing knowledge gaps that can contribute to preventable illness. We examined whether health literacy was associated with people's use of and trust in a range of potential health information sources. Six hundred participants from a GfK Internet survey panel completed an online survey. We a…
Differences in Rural and Urban Health Information Access and Use
PURPOSE: Rural residents may have lower access to and use of certain health information sources relative to urban residents. We investigated differences in information source access and use between rural and urban US adults and whether having low health literacy might exacerbate rural disparities in access to and use of health information. METHODS: Six hundred participants (50% rural) completed an online survey about access and use of 25 health i…
‘Don’t know’ responding and estimates of perceived risk: Failing to provide a ‘don’t know’ response systematically biases laypeople’s perceived risk estimates
Individuals sometimes report that they don’t know their risk for a health problem, but many studies of illness risk perception do not provide a ‘don’t know’ (DK) response option. We examined how providing versus not providing a DK option affected responding – either the number of DK responses when the option was provided or the number of skips when a DK option was not provided. We also examined whether it systematically affected perceived risk es…
Cultural worldviews and perceived risk of colon cancer and diabetes
Individuals with different cultural worldviews conceptualize risks in distinct ways, yet this work has not extended to personal illness risk perception. The purpose of this study was to 1) examine the relationships between two types of cultural worldviews (Hierarchy-Egalitarian; Individualism-Communitarianism) and perceived risk (perceived severity and susceptibility) for diabetes and colon cancer, 2) test whether health literacy modifies the abo…
Refuge in new food environments? The role of urban planning in facilitating food equity for new Americans
In the United States, resettled refugees arrive in designated resettlement cities where they can in theory start a new life with support systems in place. Although refugee resettlement agencies are the main point of contact upon arrival, agencies are mandated to work with refugees for 90 days. Traditionally, local governments have not had purposeful contact with resettled refugee populations, yet the policies they enact and built environments the…
Causes and consequences of uncertainty about illness risk perceptions
We identified determinants of uncertainty about perceived risk judgments and demonstrated that uncertainty is associated with lower engagement in risk-reducing behavior. We found that people likely have metacognitive awareness of when their judgments are overly pessimistic, resulting in uncertainty and that question context (more constraints) and people's time orientation (future orientation) are associated with lower uncertainty. Uncertainty abo…
Examining strategies for addressing high levels of ‘I don’t know’ responding to risk perception questions for colorectal cancer and diabetes: An experimental investigation
Objective Many people say they ‘don’t know’ their risk for common diseases (DK responders). Inadequate health literacy and higher disease information avoidance may suppress risk knowledge and thereby increase DK responding. Study goals were to examine two plausible interventions to address the health education needs of DK responders. Design: Participants were identified in a pre-screener as DK responders for either diabetes or colorectal cancer (…
Agency beliefs are associated with lower health information avoidance
Background: Avoiding health information is relatively common and is associated with lower knowledge of health risks and lower engagement in protective health behaviour. Health information avoidance likely limits the effectiveness of health communication interventions. Objective: To identify beliefs associated with avoiding health information. Design: Two cross-sectional studies. Setting: Two representative samples of adults residing in the USA. M…
Financial scarcity is indirectly related to multiple aspects of executive function through stress and the strength of association depends on childhood poverty
Financial scarcity, or having insufficient financial resources to meet needs, directly impairs multiple aspects of executive function (EF). Financial scarcity is also stressful and stress impairs EF, however, whether stress mediates the effect of scarcity on EF, and whether these associations vary by either the aspect of EF being measured, or self-reported developmental history of poverty, is not known. Data were collected from a cross-sectional …
Dismissing “Don’t Know” Responses to Perceived Risk Survey Items Threatens the Validity of Theoretical and Empirical Behavior-Change Research
Since the middle of the 20th century, perceptions of risk have been critical to understanding engagement in volitional behavior change. However, theoretical and empirical risk perception research seldom considers the possibility that risk perceptions do not simply exist: They must be formed. Thus, some people may not have formulated a perception of risk for a hazard at the time a researcher asks them, or they may not be confident in the extent to…
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Prosocial Beliefs and Prevention Behavior During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Prevention is political: Political party affiliation predicts perceived risk and prevention behaviors for Covid-19
This differential response may affect virus transmission patterns and poses a considerable challenge for health communications efforts
I don’t know my child’s asthma risk: Evidence against satisficing as an explanation for ‘don’t know’ responses
Several studies suggest that "don't know" (DK) responses to risk perception items may represent meaningful expressions of uncertainty about disease risk. However, researchers are often discouraged from including a DK response option in survey items due to concerns about respondents overusing it to minimize cognitive effort-a phenomenon often referred to as satisficing . Our objective was to investigate whether patterns of DK responses to risk per…
Reasons people avoid colorectal cancer information: A mixed-methods study
OBJECTIVE: With screening, colorectal cancer can be detected when treatable, or even prevented. However, approximately one in five people tend to avoid colorectal cancer information, and avoidance is associated with being less likely to have been screened for the disease. Crucial to developing strategies to reduce information avoidance, we sought a comprehensive understanding of reasons people avoid colorectal cancer information. METHODS AND MEAS…
Psychology (20 works) · Medicine (19 works) · Social Psychology (12 works) · Perception (11 works) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (10 works) · Environmental health (10 works) · Risk perception (9 works) · Health care (7 works) · Psychiatry (7 works) · Risk Perception and Management (7 works)