Krishna N Balasubramaniam
Biographic Data
| ID | 4774787 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Krishna N Balasubramaniam |
| GIVEN NAMES | Krishna N |
| FAMILY NAME | Balasubramaniam |
| SIGNATURE | BALASUBRAMANIAM K N |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California, Davis |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2101-0588 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 13 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 20 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 13 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2011 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Assessing the Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Infection Among Free‐Ranging Long‐Tailed Macaques ( Macaca fascicularis ) in Thailand
The threat of disease transmission at the intersection of human‐wildlife interfaces underscores the urgent need for detailed studies on the transmission of human‐borne pathogens across species, especially among nonhuman primates in urban areas. This research focuses on the social and demographic determinants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) infection in free‐ranging long‐tailed macaques ( Macaca fascicularis ) in Thailand. Behavioral …
Prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae in Wild Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Thailand
An expanding human population has increased the risk of zoonosis (Devaux et al. 2019), particularly between humans and wild primates, given our close evolutionary histories and shared ecologies (Fuentes and Hockings 2010). Among the major classes of zoonotic agents, some enteropathogenic bacteria (family Enterobacteriaceae) can cause lethal diarrheal disease and pose a serious threat to all primates (McLennan et al. 2018). Enterobacteriaceae may …
Infant Survival Among Free-Living Bonnet Macaques (Macaca radiata) in South India
Female reproductive success depends to a large extent on infants’ ability to survive to maturity. While most studies of female reproductive success have focused on the effects of individuals’ sociodemographic factors (e.g., age/parity, dominance rank) on offspring survival among wild primates living in less disturbed habitats, little research has focused on offspring survival in urban or periurban animals. Here we investigated sociodemographic an…
Individuals in urban dwelling primate species face unequal benefits associated with living in an anthropogenic environment
Impact of anthropogenic factors on affiliative behaviors among bonnet macaques
OBJECTIVES: In primates, allogrooming and other affiliative behaviors confer many benefits and may be influenced by many socioecological factors. Of these, the impact of anthropogenic factors remain relatively understudied. Here we ask whether interactions with humans decreased macaques' affiliative behaviors by imposing time-constraints, or increased these behaviors on account of more free-/available-time due to macaques' consumption of high-ene…
Time matching between grooming partners: Do methodological distinctions between short versus long‐term reciprocation matter
Primatologists have long focused on grooming exchanges to examine aspects of social relationships, co‐operation, and social cognition. One particular interest is the extent to which reciprocating grooming partners time match, and the time frame over which they do so. Conclusions about time matching vary across species. Generally, researchers focus on the duration of pauses between grooming episodes that involve a switch in partner roles and choos…
Rates of human–macaque interactions affect grooming behavior among urban‐dwelling rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta )
OBJECTIVES: The impact of anthropogenic environmental changes may impose strong pressures on the behavioral flexibility of free-ranging animals. Here, we examine whether rates of interactions with humans had both a direct and indirect influence on the duration and distribution of social grooming in commensal rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected in two locations in the city of Shimla in northern India: an ur…
The influence of phylogeny, social style, and sociodemographic factors on macaque social network structure
Among nonhuman primates, the evolutionary underpinnings of variation in social structure remain debated, with both ancestral relationships and adaptation to current conditions hypothesized to play determining roles. Here we assess whether interspecific variation in higher-order aspects of female macaque (genus: Macaca) dominance and grooming social structure show phylogenetic signals, that is, greater similarity among more closely-related species…
Prevalence of enteric bacterial parasites with respect to anthropogenic factors among commensal rhesus macaques in Dehradun, India
Human–wildlife conflict: Proximate predictors of aggression between humans and rhesus macaques in I ndia
Macaques live in close contact with humans across South and Southeast Asia, and direct interaction is frequent. Aggressive contact is a concern in many locations, particularly among populations of rhesus and longtail macaques that co‐inhabit urbanized cities and towns with humans. We investigated the proximate factors influencing the occurrence of macaque aggression toward humans as well as human aggression toward macaques to determine the extent…
Consistency of dominance rank order: A comparison of David's scores with I&SI and Bayesian methods in macaques
In nonhuman primate social groups, dominance ranks are usually assigned to individuals based on outcomes of dyadic agonistic encounters. Multiple approaches have been used, but currently there is no consensus. One approach, David's Scores (DS), offers dual advantages of yielding cardinal scores that may in turn be used to compute hierarchical steepness. Here we correlate rank orders yielded by DS with those yielded by both the traditionally used …
Hierarchical Steepness, Counter‐Aggression, and Macaque Social Style Scale
Nonhuman primates show remarkable variation in several aspects of social structure. One way to characterize this variation in the genus M acaca is through the concept of social style, which is based on the observation that several social traits appear to covary with one another in a linear or at least continuous manner. In practice, macaques are more simply characterized as fitting a four‐grade scale in which species range from extremely despotic…
Using biological markets principles to examine patterns of grooming exchange in Macaca thibetana
Biological markets principles offer testable hypotheses to explain variation in grooming exchange patterns among nonhuman primates. They predict that when within‐group contest competition (WGC) is high and dominance hierarchies steep, grooming interchange with other “commodity” behaviors (such as agonistic support) should prevail. In contrast, when WGC is low and gradients shallow, market theory predicts that grooming reciprocity should prevail. …
Human–wildlife conflict: Proximate predictors of aggression between humans and rhesus macaques in I ndia
Macaques live in close contact with humans across South and Southeast Asia, and direct interaction is frequent. Aggressive contact is a concern in many locations, particularly among populations of rhesus and longtail macaques that co‐inhabit urbanized cities and towns with humans. We investigated the proximate factors influencing the occurrence of macaque aggression toward humans as well as human aggression toward macaques to determine the extent…
Rates of human–macaque interactions affect grooming behavior among urban‐dwelling rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta )
OBJECTIVES: The impact of anthropogenic environmental changes may impose strong pressures on the behavioral flexibility of free-ranging animals. Here, we examine whether rates of interactions with humans had both a direct and indirect influence on the duration and distribution of social grooming in commensal rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected in two locations in the city of Shimla in northern India: an ur…
Impact of anthropogenic factors on affiliative behaviors among bonnet macaques
OBJECTIVES: In primates, allogrooming and other affiliative behaviors confer many benefits and may be influenced by many socioecological factors. Of these, the impact of anthropogenic factors remain relatively understudied. Here we ask whether interactions with humans decreased macaques' affiliative behaviors by imposing time-constraints, or increased these behaviors on account of more free-/available-time due to macaques' consumption of high-ene…
Infant Survival Among Free-Living Bonnet Macaques (Macaca radiata) in South India
Female reproductive success depends to a large extent on infants’ ability to survive to maturity. While most studies of female reproductive success have focused on the effects of individuals’ sociodemographic factors (e.g., age/parity, dominance rank) on offspring survival among wild primates living in less disturbed habitats, little research has focused on offspring survival in urban or periurban animals. Here we investigated sociodemographic an…
Using biological markets principles to examine patterns of grooming exchange in Macaca thibetana
Biological markets principles offer testable hypotheses to explain variation in grooming exchange patterns among nonhuman primates. They predict that when within‐group contest competition (WGC) is high and dominance hierarchies steep, grooming interchange with other “commodity” behaviors (such as agonistic support) should prevail. In contrast, when WGC is low and gradients shallow, market theory predicts that grooming reciprocity should prevail. …
Hierarchical Steepness, Counter‐Aggression, and Macaque Social Style Scale
Nonhuman primates show remarkable variation in several aspects of social structure. One way to characterize this variation in the genus M acaca is through the concept of social style, which is based on the observation that several social traits appear to covary with one another in a linear or at least continuous manner. In practice, macaques are more simply characterized as fitting a four‐grade scale in which species range from extremely despotic…
Consistency of dominance rank order: A comparison of David's scores with I&SI and Bayesian methods in macaques
In nonhuman primate social groups, dominance ranks are usually assigned to individuals based on outcomes of dyadic agonistic encounters. Multiple approaches have been used, but currently there is no consensus. One approach, David's Scores (DS), offers dual advantages of yielding cardinal scores that may in turn be used to compute hierarchical steepness. Here we correlate rank orders yielded by DS with those yielded by both the traditionally used …
Human–wildlife conflict: Proximate predictors of aggression between humans and rhesus macaques in I ndia
Macaques live in close contact with humans across South and Southeast Asia, and direct interaction is frequent. Aggressive contact is a concern in many locations, particularly among populations of rhesus and longtail macaques that co‐inhabit urbanized cities and towns with humans. We investigated the proximate factors influencing the occurrence of macaque aggression toward humans as well as human aggression toward macaques to determine the extent…
Prevalence of enteric bacterial parasites with respect to anthropogenic factors among commensal rhesus macaques in Dehradun, India
The influence of phylogeny, social style, and sociodemographic factors on macaque social network structure
Among nonhuman primates, the evolutionary underpinnings of variation in social structure remain debated, with both ancestral relationships and adaptation to current conditions hypothesized to play determining roles. Here we assess whether interspecific variation in higher-order aspects of female macaque (genus: Macaca) dominance and grooming social structure show phylogenetic signals, that is, greater similarity among more closely-related species…
Time matching between grooming partners: Do methodological distinctions between short versus long‐term reciprocation matter
Primatologists have long focused on grooming exchanges to examine aspects of social relationships, co‐operation, and social cognition. One particular interest is the extent to which reciprocating grooming partners time match, and the time frame over which they do so. Conclusions about time matching vary across species. Generally, researchers focus on the duration of pauses between grooming episodes that involve a switch in partner roles and choos…
Rates of human–macaque interactions affect grooming behavior among urban‐dwelling rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta )
OBJECTIVES: The impact of anthropogenic environmental changes may impose strong pressures on the behavioral flexibility of free-ranging animals. Here, we examine whether rates of interactions with humans had both a direct and indirect influence on the duration and distribution of social grooming in commensal rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected in two locations in the city of Shimla in northern India: an ur…
Individuals in urban dwelling primate species face unequal benefits associated with living in an anthropogenic environment
Impact of anthropogenic factors on affiliative behaviors among bonnet macaques
OBJECTIVES: In primates, allogrooming and other affiliative behaviors confer many benefits and may be influenced by many socioecological factors. Of these, the impact of anthropogenic factors remain relatively understudied. Here we ask whether interactions with humans decreased macaques' affiliative behaviors by imposing time-constraints, or increased these behaviors on account of more free-/available-time due to macaques' consumption of high-ene…
Prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae in Wild Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Thailand
An expanding human population has increased the risk of zoonosis (Devaux et al. 2019), particularly between humans and wild primates, given our close evolutionary histories and shared ecologies (Fuentes and Hockings 2010). Among the major classes of zoonotic agents, some enteropathogenic bacteria (family Enterobacteriaceae) can cause lethal diarrheal disease and pose a serious threat to all primates (McLennan et al. 2018). Enterobacteriaceae may …
Infant Survival Among Free-Living Bonnet Macaques (Macaca radiata) in South India
Female reproductive success depends to a large extent on infants’ ability to survive to maturity. While most studies of female reproductive success have focused on the effects of individuals’ sociodemographic factors (e.g., age/parity, dominance rank) on offspring survival among wild primates living in less disturbed habitats, little research has focused on offspring survival in urban or periurban animals. Here we investigated sociodemographic an…
Assessing the Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Infection Among Free‐Ranging Long‐Tailed Macaques ( Macaca fascicularis ) in Thailand
The threat of disease transmission at the intersection of human‐wildlife interfaces underscores the urgent need for detailed studies on the transmission of human‐borne pathogens across species, especially among nonhuman primates in urban areas. This research focuses on the social and demographic determinants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) infection in free‐ranging long‐tailed macaques ( Macaca fascicularis ) in Thailand. Behavioral …
Biology (12 works) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (12 works) · Macaque (10 works) · Ecology (8 works) · Psychology (8 works) · Animal Behavior and Reproduction (6 works) · Social Psychology (6 works) · Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior (5 works) · Rhesus macaque (5 works) · Aggression (4 works)