T N Brown
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 48111 |
|---|---|
| NOME | T N Brown |
| PRENOMES | T N |
| SOBRENOME | Brown |
| ASSINATURA | BROWN T N |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Rice University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0952-3655 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 45 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 691 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 45 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1959 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 14 |
Critical Race Theory Speaks to the Sociology of Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Racial realism is an ideological stance and a mind-set or philosophy substantiating the permanence of racism in U.S. society. It originates from critical race theory. It incriminates white supremacy. It eviscerates racial progress narratives. Yet racial realism simultaneously offers Blacks strategies to achieve fulfillment and even triumph. With nationally representative data from the 2008–2009 National Annenberg Election Study (NAES08-Online) pa…
Wakanda forever! Consistency in correlates of black nationalist tendencies
Objective: This study investigates correlates of black nationalist tendencies , defined as endorsing sentiments consistent with black nationalism. Black nationalism is an ideology that advocates for cultural, economic, political, and social separatism, and/or community autonomy and self‐reliance as survival tactics. Warrant for this study arises from the opinion black nationalism is an anachronism—a throwback to the 1920s, late 1960s, or early 19…
Four More Years! or So What
This study investigated the mental health significance of Barack Obama's 2012 presidential re-election among Blacks. Upon his re-election, we hypothesized Blacks would either feel symbolic empowerment or relative deprivation. They would feel symbolic empowerment because a man who identifies as Black won re-election to the nation's highest office. His second victory should generate optimism, given his status as a historic first. Alternatively, the…
Patterns of HIV Disclosure and its Impact on the HIV Care Continuum Among Black Men who Have Sex With Men in South Carolina
Addressing the psychosocial concerns of Black men who have sex with men (MSM), such as HIV disclosure, is critical for effective HIV treatment efforts. Black MSM living with HIV experience multiple psychosocial challenges, such as “triple stigma” due to their sexual orientation, racial minority status, and HIV status, which hinder their HIV disclosure and subsequent HIV care-seeking behavior. Our study sought to examine the HIV disclosure pattern…
My Commander in Chief is Black! The Mental Health Significance of Barack Obama's 2008 Presidential Election for Military Veterans
This study investigated the mental health significance of Barack Obama's 2008 presidential election for military veterans. Many believed his election signaled a progressive shift in race relations and crucial challenge to White supremacy. Furthermore, many argued his election generated hope, especially among Blacks. We therefore hypothesized Black and Hispanic veterans would experience improved mental health after installment of the nation's firs…
Changes in Racial Apathy Among White Young Adults
This study investigates changes in racial apathy among white young adults using nationally representative panel survey data from the NSYR. Our regression models include social background, social values, and academic orientation variables specified as important correlates of racial apathy in prior cross-sectional studies. We also include interracial contact variables, which existing studies neglect. According to intergroup contact theory, interrac…
Viral Racism via Videos
This study analyzes five publicly posted videos wherein Asians experience interpersonal discrimination because of COVID-19. We think social scientists ignore how videos provide data for investigating interpersonal discrimination. We characterize the videos according to multiple features including context, characteristics, and responses of individuals involved, type of threat or mistreatment, and level of psychological and physical harm. We then s…
Intergroup Contact and White Racial Apathy
Scholars theorize racial apathy is one form contemporary white racial prejudice takes. Racial apathy signals not caring about racial inequality. Invoking intergroup contact theory, we hypothesize interracial contact would predict less racial apathy among whites. To test our hypothesis, we analyze survey data from white teenagers participating in the 2003 National Study of Youth and Religion (NSYR). We find interracial contact matters and its incl…
Belief in systemic racism and self-employment among working blacks
Scholars theorize that black–white disparities in self-employment persist because of racial disparities in human capital (e.g. educational attainment) and financial capital (e.g. assets). Such disparities represent the enduring economic legacy of racism. Yet, racism may also mobilize working blacks to pursue self-employment. In this study, we address whether working blacks’ racial capital – operationalized as belief in the significance of systemi…
Familial Incarceration, Social Role Combinations, and Mental Health Among African American Women
Objective The current study uses insights from the stress process model and role theory to examine the relationship between familial incarceration, three key social roles—spouse, parent, and employee—and African American women's mental health. Background Research documents the spillover effects of mass incarceration on the families of those incarcerated. Approximately half of black women have at least one family member currently incarcerated; yet…
A Descriptive Study Using the Comprehensive Race Socialization Inventory
This study examines race socialization, defined as the process whereby individuals learn about the meaning and significance of race and racism. With data from the 2001–2004 National Survey of American Life-Adolescent Supplement (NSAL-A), we analyze responses to the Comprehensive Race Socialization Inventory (CRSI) among 1,170 African American and Caribbean Black adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17 years. The CRSI captures sources, frequency…
The Prevalence, Correlates, and Consequences of Racial Apathy Among Black Teenagers
Yes We Can!” The Mental Health Significance for U.S. Black Adults of Barack Obama’s 2008 Presidential Election
This study examines the mental health significance of Barack Obama’s 2008 presidential election for black adults. His election was a milestone moment. Hence, we expect black adults would experience improved mental health after the first self-identified black person wins election to the most powerful position in the United States. Using nationally representative survey data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), we address th…
A tale of two generations
Who Cares
Survey researchers theorize that how whites express racial prejudice changes across time. They argue one of its contemporary forms is racial apathy (i.e., not caring about racial equality). However, few empirical studies characterize racial apathy. To fill this gap, the present study addresses consistency in racial apathy across time at the population level and individual level. Using three waves of panel data (i.e., 2003, 2007-2008, and 2013) fr…
How Incarceration Influences Native-Born Black Men’s Risk of Obesity
Public health researchers should treat former incarceration with greater care in studies including native-born Black men because time spent incarcerated has lingering physical health significance
Relative Deprivation and Perceived Inefficacy of the Civil Rights Movement and of Black Elected Officials
Objectives This study addresses whether relative deprivation theory explains why some blacks perceive that the civil rights movement and black elected officials failed to improve the lot of the black community, including their own life chances. Methods We use data from a nationally representative survey of black adults, collected approximately 15 years after the passing of landmark civil rights legislation. Results Net of control variables, we fi…
State-level climate, anti-discrimination law, and sexual minority health status
Black Nationalist Tendencies and Their Association with Perceived Inefficacy of the Civil Rights Movement and of Black Elected Officials
This study addressed whether black nationalist tendencies explain why some blacks in 1980 perceived that the civil rights movement and black elected officials failed to improve the black community's standing, including their own life chances. Those holding positions consistent with black nationalism argue, among other things, that racial integration, political participation, and alignment with white interests could not ultimately produce racial p…
Race, Socioeconomic Position, and Physical Health
A substantial and long-standing body of research supports the widely held conclusion that socioeconomic position (SEP) is a primary determinant of physical health risk. However, supporting evidence derives almost entirely from studies of dominantly white populations, and more recent research suggests that this relationship may vary across race-ethnicity. This article considers the extent to which such evidence applies to African Americans. It doe…
The multidimensionality of health
With social survey data from a random sample of 1252 black and white adults who participated in the Nashville Stress and Health Study, we cross-classified biological markers of dysregulation with self-report health measures. Our aim was to quantify the degree of concordance between them. The study collected blood and urine samples to derive a 10 component estimate of allostatic load. In addition, the computer-assisted interview included an array …
Inconsistency within Expressed and Observed Racial Identifications
The present study extends previous work on distress that arises from discrepancy between self and interviewer racial identifications. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) data, we examine mental health consequences of inconsistency over time within expressed (self) and observed (interviewer) racial identifications among American Indians. Given that phenotype signals race, we also contribute to prior res…
Imprisoned by Empathy
The stress process model predicts that current incarceration of a family member should damage the health status of the inmate's relatives. We address this prediction with data from the National Survey of American Life, focusing exclusively on African American men ( n = 1,168). In survey-adjusted generalized linear models, we find that familial incarceration increases psychological distress, but its effect attenuates ostensibly after controlling f…
Minority Underrepresentation in Academia
Race, Nativity, Ethnicity, and Cultural Influences in the Sociology of Mental Health
Being black and feeling blue
Critical Race Theory Speaks to the Sociology of Mental Health
The sociology of mental health focuses on the epidemiology, etiology, correlates, and consequences of mental health (i.e., psychiatric disorder and symptoms, psychological distress, and subjective well-being) in an attempt to describe and explain how social structure influences an individual's psychological health. Critical race theory describes and explains iterative ways in which race is socially constructed across micro- and macro-levels, and …
White Americans' Genetic Lay Theories of Race Differences and Sexual Orientation
This study examined the relationship between White Americans' genetic explanations, conceptualized as genetic lay theories, for perceived racial differences and for sexual orientation, and attitudes toward Blacks, and gay men and lesbians, respectively. Considering contrasting public discourse surrounding race and sexual orientation, we predicted that genetic lay theories would be associated with greater prejudice toward Blacks, but less prejudic…
Measuring Self-Perceived Racial and Ethnic Discrimination in Social Surveys
The aim of this article is to encourage a research agenda that attends to methodological considerations regarding measuring self-perceived racial and ethnic discrimination in social surveys. Toward this end, the author compared validity of alternative measures of discrimination. The first measure asks whether something unfair or bad has happened because of race and ethnicity, whereas the second measure asks about generic unfair events independent…
Contemporary Immigration Policy Orientations Among Dominant‐Group Members in Western Europe
Predictors of immigration policy attitudes were investigated among members of receiving societies in large national probability samples in 15 Western European countries. We found that a considerable proportion of the variation in immigration policy orientations toward outgroups could be explained by self‐ and group interests and independent measures of perceived threat. Self‐reported racism also contributed independently and significantly to thes…
Race, Socioeconomic Position, and Physical Health
A substantial and long-standing body of research supports the widely held conclusion that socioeconomic position (SEP) is a primary determinant of physical health risk. However, supporting evidence derives almost entirely from studies of dominantly white populations, and more recent research suggests that this relationship may vary across race-ethnicity. This article considers the extent to which such evidence applies to African Americans. It doe…
Race, racism, and mental health
Critical race theory provides a much‐needed framework for improving the study of race and racism's influence on psychological health and illness. Implicating the mundane and extraordinary, critical race theory explains how racism determines lifestyles and life chances. It also clarifies the individual and institutional nature of racism. Such clarification should be meaningful to sociologists of mental health, especially those interested in how ra…
There's No Race On The Playing Field
Contrary to patterns in the public opinion literature, the authors predicted White and Black athletes would agree at similar levels that racial and ethnic discrimination is no longer a problem. Using survey data collected from 533 intercollegiate student athletes as part of the 1996 Progress in College/Social and Group Experiences study, they found White and Black athletes did not differ significantly in their perceptions of discrimination. The a…
Traditional and Contemporary Prejudice and Urban Whites' Support for Affirmative Action and Government Help
Data from a probability sample of a major metropolitan area in the United States were used to examine the extent to which racial prejudice predicted variations in whites' support for both government efforts to help blacks through social and economic initiatives, in general, and through Affirmative Action programs in employment, in particular. We examined the relative contributions of traditional and contemporary racial prejudice, individual and g…
The multidimensionality of health
With social survey data from a random sample of 1252 black and white adults who participated in the Nashville Stress and Health Study, we cross-classified biological markers of dysregulation with self-report health measures. Our aim was to quantify the degree of concordance between them. The study collected blood and urine samples to derive a 10 component estimate of allostatic load. In addition, the computer-assisted interview included an array …
Race Socialization Messages Across Historical Time
In this study we investigated whether the content of race socialization messages varied by birth cohort, using data from a national probability sample. Most respondents recalled receiving messages about what it means to be black from their parents or guardians; these messages were coded into five mutually exclusive content categories: individual pride, racial group pride, deference to and fear of whites, color-blind, and whites are prejudiced. We…
State-level climate, anti-discrimination law, and sexual minority health status
Imprisoned by Empathy
The stress process model predicts that current incarceration of a family member should damage the health status of the inmate's relatives. We address this prediction with data from the National Survey of American Life, focusing exclusively on African American men ( n = 1,168). In survey-adjusted generalized linear models, we find that familial incarceration increases psychological distress, but its effect attenuates ostensibly after controlling f…
Negotiating Boundaries and Bonds
This study addressed intergroup differences in how often U.S. families socialized young children to their ethnic/racial heritage using nationally representative survey data gathered as part of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (ECLS-K).The sample ( N = 18,827) included young White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, American Indian, and multiracial children. Among other things, the auth…
Inconsistency within Expressed and Observed Racial Identifications
The present study extends previous work on distress that arises from discrepancy between self and interviewer racial identifications. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) data, we examine mental health consequences of inconsistency over time within expressed (self) and observed (interviewer) racial identifications among American Indians. Given that phenotype signals race, we also contribute to prior res…
The Relationship between Internalization and Self-Esteem among Black Adults
We address whether individual variation in internalization of positive or negative racial stereotypes was associated with low levels of self-esteem in a national probability sample of 2,107 self-identified black adults interviewed face-to-face in 1980 (National Survey of Black Americans). Rejection of positive stereotypes and acceptance of negative stereotypes were statistically linked to declining levels of self-esteem, controlling for backgroun…
Who Cares
Survey researchers theorize that how whites express racial prejudice changes across time. They argue one of its contemporary forms is racial apathy (i.e., not caring about racial equality). However, few empirical studies characterize racial apathy. To fill this gap, the present study addresses consistency in racial apathy across time at the population level and individual level. Using three waves of panel data (i.e., 2003, 2007-2008, and 2013) fr…
Yes We Can!” The Mental Health Significance for U.S. Black Adults of Barack Obama’s 2008 Presidential Election
This study examines the mental health significance of Barack Obama’s 2008 presidential election for black adults. His election was a milestone moment. Hence, we expect black adults would experience improved mental health after the first self-identified black person wins election to the most powerful position in the United States. Using nationally representative survey data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), we address th…
Child, Parent, and Situational Correlates of Familial Ethnic/Race Socialization
This study examines child, parent, and situational correlates of familial ethnic/race socialization using nationally representative data gathered as part of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998 - 1999 (ECLS-K). The ECLS-K sample (N = 18,950) includes White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, American Indian, and multiracial kindergarteners, with survey data available at the child, parent/guardi…
Race-Related Correlates of Young Adults' Subjective Well-Being
Correlates of racial label use among Americans of African descent
A tale of two generations
The Prevalence, Correlates, and Consequences of Racial Apathy Among Black Teenagers
Minority Underrepresentation in Academia
Predictors of Racial Label Preference in Detroit
This study examined African Americans' racial label preferences at two time points using data collected in the 1971 and 1992 Detroit Area Studies. Survey respondents chose from the following racial labels: Black, Negro, Colored, Afro-American, African American, or no preference/it makes no difference which label. At both time points, there were significant differences in age and education by preferred labels but gender and income differences by p…
The St Ninian's Isle Silver Hoard
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Traditional and Contemporary Prejudice and Urban Whites' Support for Affirmative Action and Government Help
Data from a probability sample of a major metropolitan area in the United States were used to examine the extent to which racial prejudice predicted variations in whites' support for both government efforts to help blacks through social and economic initiatives, in general, and through Affirmative Action programs in employment, in particular. We examined the relative contributions of traditional and contemporary racial prejudice, individual and g…
Predictors of Racial Label Preference in Detroit
This study examined African Americans' racial label preferences at two time points using data collected in the 1971 and 1992 Detroit Area Studies. Survey respondents chose from the following racial labels: Black, Negro, Colored, Afro-American, African American, or no preference/it makes no difference which label. At both time points, there were significant differences in age and education by preferred labels but gender and income differences by p…
Correlates of racial label use among Americans of African descent
Being black and feeling blue
Contemporary Immigration Policy Orientations Among Dominant‐Group Members in Western Europe
Predictors of immigration policy attitudes were investigated among members of receiving societies in large national probability samples in 15 Western European countries. We found that a considerable proportion of the variation in immigration policy orientations toward outgroups could be explained by self‐ and group interests and independent measures of perceived threat. Self‐reported racism also contributed independently and significantly to thes…
Measuring Self-Perceived Racial and Ethnic Discrimination in Social Surveys
The aim of this article is to encourage a research agenda that attends to methodological considerations regarding measuring self-perceived racial and ethnic discrimination in social surveys. Toward this end, the author compared validity of alternative measures of discrimination. The first measure asks whether something unfair or bad has happened because of race and ethnicity, whereas the second measure asks about generic unfair events independent…
Race-Related Correlates of Young Adults' Subjective Well-Being
The Relationship between Internalization and Self-Esteem among Black Adults
We address whether individual variation in internalization of positive or negative racial stereotypes was associated with low levels of self-esteem in a national probability sample of 2,107 self-identified black adults interviewed face-to-face in 1980 (National Survey of Black Americans). Rejection of positive stereotypes and acceptance of negative stereotypes were statistically linked to declining levels of self-esteem, controlling for backgroun…
The influence of race and religion on abstinence from alcohol, cigarettes and marijuana among adolescents.
OBJECTIVE: Past research has not fully explained why black youth are less likely than white youth to use alcohol and other substances. One plausible yet underexamined explanation is the "religion hypothesis," which posits that black youth are more likely than white youth to abstain because they are more religious than white youth. The present study tested this hypothesis empirically. METHOD: The study examined data from large, nationally represen…
Critical Race Theory Speaks to the Sociology of Mental Health
The sociology of mental health focuses on the epidemiology, etiology, correlates, and consequences of mental health (i.e., psychiatric disorder and symptoms, psychological distress, and subjective well-being) in an attempt to describe and explain how social structure influences an individual's psychological health. Critical race theory describes and explains iterative ways in which race is socially constructed across micro- and macro-levels, and …
There's No Race On The Playing Field
Contrary to patterns in the public opinion literature, the authors predicted White and Black athletes would agree at similar levels that racial and ethnic discrimination is no longer a problem. Using survey data collected from 533 intercollegiate student athletes as part of the 1996 Progress in College/Social and Group Experiences study, they found White and Black athletes did not differ significantly in their perceptions of discrimination. The a…
The Comprehensive Race Socialization Inventory
This pilot study introduces the comprehensive race socialization inventory (CRSI), an amalgam and extension of existing inventories that systematically captures the race socialization process within Black families. Using survey data collected in 2000 and 2001 from a convenience sample of Black adolescents ( n= 18) and a random sample of Black college students ( n= 225), the authors compare data yielded from the CRSI with data yielded from existin…
White Americans' Genetic Lay Theories of Race Differences and Sexual Orientation
This study examined the relationship between White Americans' genetic explanations, conceptualized as genetic lay theories, for perceived racial differences and for sexual orientation, and attitudes toward Blacks, and gay men and lesbians, respectively. Considering contrasting public discourse surrounding race and sexual orientation, we predicted that genetic lay theories would be associated with greater prejudice toward Blacks, but less prejudic…
Race Socialization Messages Across Historical Time
In this study we investigated whether the content of race socialization messages varied by birth cohort, using data from a national probability sample. Most respondents recalled receiving messages about what it means to be black from their parents or guardians; these messages were coded into five mutually exclusive content categories: individual pride, racial group pride, deference to and fear of whites, color-blind, and whites are prejudiced. We…
Child, Parent, and Situational Correlates of Familial Ethnic/Race Socialization
This study examines child, parent, and situational correlates of familial ethnic/race socialization using nationally representative data gathered as part of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998 - 1999 (ECLS-K). The ECLS-K sample (N = 18,950) includes White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, American Indian, and multiracial kindergarteners, with survey data available at the child, parent/guardi…
Race, racism, and mental health
Critical race theory provides a much‐needed framework for improving the study of race and racism's influence on psychological health and illness. Implicating the mundane and extraordinary, critical race theory explains how racism determines lifestyles and life chances. It also clarifies the individual and institutional nature of racism. Such clarification should be meaningful to sociologists of mental health, especially those interested in how ra…
Evaluating the Health Belief Model
ASR 2010 to 2012
Negotiating Boundaries and Bonds
This study addressed intergroup differences in how often U.S. families socialized young children to their ethnic/racial heritage using nationally representative survey data gathered as part of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (ECLS-K).The sample ( N = 18,827) included young White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, American Indian, and multiracial children. Among other things, the auth…
Race, Nativity, Ethnicity, and Cultural Influences in the Sociology of Mental Health
Minority Underrepresentation in Academia
The multidimensionality of health
With social survey data from a random sample of 1252 black and white adults who participated in the Nashville Stress and Health Study, we cross-classified biological markers of dysregulation with self-report health measures. Our aim was to quantify the degree of concordance between them. The study collected blood and urine samples to derive a 10 component estimate of allostatic load. In addition, the computer-assisted interview included an array …
Inconsistency within Expressed and Observed Racial Identifications
The present study extends previous work on distress that arises from discrepancy between self and interviewer racial identifications. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) data, we examine mental health consequences of inconsistency over time within expressed (self) and observed (interviewer) racial identifications among American Indians. Given that phenotype signals race, we also contribute to prior res…
Imprisoned by Empathy
The stress process model predicts that current incarceration of a family member should damage the health status of the inmate's relatives. We address this prediction with data from the National Survey of American Life, focusing exclusively on African American men ( n = 1,168). In survey-adjusted generalized linear models, we find that familial incarceration increases psychological distress, but its effect attenuates ostensibly after controlling f…
Psychology (38 obras) · Sociology (33 obras) · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research (27 obras) · Social Psychology (25 obras) · Gender Studies (22 obras) · Medicine (17 obras) · Political science (17 obras) · Social Psychology (17 obras) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (15 obras) · Racism (14 obras)