James C Ha
Biographic Data
| ID | 4873119 |
|---|---|
| NAME | James C Ha |
| GIVEN NAMES | James C |
| FAMILY NAME | Ha |
| SIGNATURE | HA J C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Washington |
| ORCID | 0009-0004-6830-2088 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 17 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 4 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 17 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2017 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Food for Thought
Enrichment is a key to keeping animals in zoos healthy and stimulated. For carnivores, the practice of feeding vertebrate animal carcasses, like those of goats or deer, or whole body prey animals like chickens or rabbits, can be an effective form of enrichment. While it is beneficial for animal care, carcass feeding may also be off-putting to some visitors. This research aimed to address this concern by describing the attitudes and comfort levels…
An empirical comparison of short tandem repeats (STRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for relatedness estimation in Chinese rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta )
We compare the effectiveness of short tandem repeat (STR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes for estimating pairwise relatedness, using molecular data and pedigree records from a captive Chinese rhesus macaque population at the California National Primate Research Center. We find that a panel of 81 SNPs is as effective at estimating first-order kin relationships as a panel of 14 highly polymorphic STRs. We note, however, that the …
Temperament in Rhesus, Long‐Tailed, and Pigtailed Macaques Varies by Species and Sex
Temperament differs among individuals both within and between species. Evidence suggests that differences in temperament of group members may parallel differences in social behavior among groups or between species. Here, we compared temperament between three closely related species of monkey—rhesus ( Macaca mulatta ), long‐tailed ( M. fascicularis ), and pigtailed ( M. nemestrina ) macaques—using cage‐front behavioral observations of individually…
Four decades of leading‐edge research in the reproductive and developmental sciences
Population Genetics of the W ashington N ational P rimate R esearch C enter's ( W a NPRC ) Captive Pigtailed Macaque ( Macaca nemestrina ) Population
Pigtailed macaques ( Macaca nemestrina ) provide an important model for biomedical research on human disease and for studying the evolution of primate behavior. The genetic structure of captive populations of pigtailed macaques is not as well described as that of captive rhesus ( M. mulatta) or cynomolgus ( M. fascicularis ) macaques. The W ashington N ational P rimate R esearch C enter houses the largest captive colony of pigtailed macaques loca…
Aggression in pigtailed macaque ( Macaca nemestrina ) breeding groups affects pregnancy outcome
Past research has shown that aggressive behaviors can affect female reproductive outcome in nonhuman primate captive breeding programs. In this study, aggressive behaviors were recorded in a colony of pigtailed macaque monkeys ( Macaca nemestrina ) and related to pregnancy outcome. For 22 weeks, behavioral data were collected from nine breeding groups, consisting of zero to one male (some males were removed after a cycle of conceptions for husban…
Developmental and cross-situational stability in infant pigtailed macaque temperament
We assessed developmental stability and context generalizability of temperament in pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) from the University of Washington Infant Primate Research Lab. A principal components analysis condensed 6 behavioral measures into 2 components, interpreted as reactivity and boldness. Changes in these measures over the 1st 10 months of development showed a trend toward calmer and bolder behavior with age, with significant in…
Floating limb behaviors and self‐biting are associated in laboratory monkeys
Early descriptions of floating limb behaviors in monkeys were associated with isolation rearing, a practice that ended more than two decades ago. The present authors named various forms of behaviors in which a leg is elevated for no apparent reason: “Floating Limb Suite” (FLS). Floating limb behaviors, identified in laboratory monkeys at the Washington National Primate Research Center (WaNPRC), consist of two subcategories distinguished by whethe…
Genetics and caging type affect birth weight in captive pigtailed macaques ( Macaca nemestrina )
The heritability of birth weight was estimated in 3,562 captive pigtailed macaques using 30 years of breeding and pedigree records. Based on a pedigree of over 12,000 animals, quantitative genetic analyses were performed using statistical variance decomposition methods. The model included additive genetic effects, cytoplasmic genetic effects, birth environment, shared maternal environment, and unmeasured environmental effects. The results demonst…
Nineteen new microsatellite DNA polymorphisms in pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina)
Demographic analysis of the Washington Regional Primate Research Center pigtailed macaque colony, 1967-1996
This work presents the results of a demographic analysis of 30 years of breeding records from the University of Washington's recently closed Primate Field Station at Medical Lake, Washington. Summaries of population growth, age-specific fertility and mortality rates, first-year survival, and seasonality of reproduction are presented, as well as an analysis of survival by decade. In addition, we present data on interbirth intervals in this populat…
Survival and reproduction in the first two years following a large-scale primate colony move and social reorganization
(Macaca nemestrina) and baboon (Papio cynocephalus, Papio anubis, and hybrids) breeding colonies from the Primate Field Station (PFS) (Medical Lake, WA) to the Tulane Regional Primate Research Center (Covington, LA). Colony records on all 598 pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) and 157 baboons (P. c. anubis) shipped to the Tulane Primate Center from the PFS breeding colony were used for analysis of species, sex, age, origin, current status, an…
Social housing and pregnancy outcome in captive pigtailed macaques
We present a retrospective analysis of 30 years of breeding records from a colony of pigtailed macaques at the University of Washington's Regional Primate Research Center, specifically examining the effects on pregnancy outcome of sire presence, presence of other pregnant females, group stability, overall group size, and dam age and parity. Data on 2,040 pregnancies (1,890 live births) of socially housed pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) wer…
Behavioral measurement of temperament in male nursery-raised infant macaques and baboons
We define temperament as an individual's set of characteristic behavioral responses to novel or challenging stimuli. This study adapted a temperament scale used with rhesus macaques by Schneider and colleagues [American Journal of Primatology 25:137-155, 1991] for use with male pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina, n = 7), longtailed macaque (M. fascicularis, n = 3), and baboon infants (Papio cynocephalus anubis, n = 4). Subjects were evaluated t…
Multiple-spell, discrete-time survival analysis of developmental data
To measure cognitive development in 123 pigtailed macaques, we calculated medians and quartiles for the milestones of classical (Piagetian) object concept development (plain reach, partial-hide, full-hide, and A-not-B) in both 2-dimensional (screen) and 3-dimensional (well) tasks. Using multiple-spell, discrete-time survival analysis, we examined the influence of 4 independent variables (starting age, sex, birth weight, and task) on the probabili…
Climbing test to measure gross motor development in monkeys
This report describes an apparatus, protocol, and coding procedure to quantify gross motor skills in infant Macaca nemestrina , and presents data obtained from this system. The apparatus consists of a 1.8‐m‐tall Plexiglas tube extending from the top of a standard stainless steel cage. Animals climb the tube to reach a food reward. Measures of climbing ability included time and number of contacts with the tube. Data were collected on 336 climbs to…
Ultrasound measurement of fetal growth in Macaca nemestrina
Longitudinal ultrasound data were collected for 18 structures in 37 pigtailed macaque ( Macaca nemestrina ) fetuses to 1) generate standards of normal fetal growth, 2) measure operator reliability, 3) assess the accuracy of linear and nonlinear regression models to estimate gestational age and dates of delivery, and 4) evaluate the portability of equations and absolute values derived from data at one facility (Seattle) to describe independently c…
Developmental and cross-situational stability in infant pigtailed macaque temperament
We assessed developmental stability and context generalizability of temperament in pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) from the University of Washington Infant Primate Research Lab. A principal components analysis condensed 6 behavioral measures into 2 components, interpreted as reactivity and boldness. Changes in these measures over the 1st 10 months of development showed a trend toward calmer and bolder behavior with age, with significant in…
Food for Thought
Enrichment is a key to keeping animals in zoos healthy and stimulated. For carnivores, the practice of feeding vertebrate animal carcasses, like those of goats or deer, or whole body prey animals like chickens or rabbits, can be an effective form of enrichment. While it is beneficial for animal care, carcass feeding may also be off-putting to some visitors. This research aimed to address this concern by describing the attitudes and comfort levels…
Climbing test to measure gross motor development in monkeys
This report describes an apparatus, protocol, and coding procedure to quantify gross motor skills in infant Macaca nemestrina , and presents data obtained from this system. The apparatus consists of a 1.8‐m‐tall Plexiglas tube extending from the top of a standard stainless steel cage. Animals climb the tube to reach a food reward. Measures of climbing ability included time and number of contacts with the tube. Data were collected on 336 climbs to…
Ultrasound measurement of fetal growth in Macaca nemestrina
Longitudinal ultrasound data were collected for 18 structures in 37 pigtailed macaque ( Macaca nemestrina ) fetuses to 1) generate standards of normal fetal growth, 2) measure operator reliability, 3) assess the accuracy of linear and nonlinear regression models to estimate gestational age and dates of delivery, and 4) evaluate the portability of equations and absolute values derived from data at one facility (Seattle) to describe independently c…
Multiple-spell, discrete-time survival analysis of developmental data
To measure cognitive development in 123 pigtailed macaques, we calculated medians and quartiles for the milestones of classical (Piagetian) object concept development (plain reach, partial-hide, full-hide, and A-not-B) in both 2-dimensional (screen) and 3-dimensional (well) tasks. Using multiple-spell, discrete-time survival analysis, we examined the influence of 4 independent variables (starting age, sex, birth weight, and task) on the probabili…
Social housing and pregnancy outcome in captive pigtailed macaques
We present a retrospective analysis of 30 years of breeding records from a colony of pigtailed macaques at the University of Washington's Regional Primate Research Center, specifically examining the effects on pregnancy outcome of sire presence, presence of other pregnant females, group stability, overall group size, and dam age and parity. Data on 2,040 pregnancies (1,890 live births) of socially housed pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) wer…
Behavioral measurement of temperament in male nursery-raised infant macaques and baboons
We define temperament as an individual's set of characteristic behavioral responses to novel or challenging stimuli. This study adapted a temperament scale used with rhesus macaques by Schneider and colleagues [American Journal of Primatology 25:137-155, 1991] for use with male pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina, n = 7), longtailed macaque (M. fascicularis, n = 3), and baboon infants (Papio cynocephalus anubis, n = 4). Subjects were evaluated t…
Nineteen new microsatellite DNA polymorphisms in pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina)
Demographic analysis of the Washington Regional Primate Research Center pigtailed macaque colony, 1967-1996
This work presents the results of a demographic analysis of 30 years of breeding records from the University of Washington's recently closed Primate Field Station at Medical Lake, Washington. Summaries of population growth, age-specific fertility and mortality rates, first-year survival, and seasonality of reproduction are presented, as well as an analysis of survival by decade. In addition, we present data on interbirth intervals in this populat…
Survival and reproduction in the first two years following a large-scale primate colony move and social reorganization
(Macaca nemestrina) and baboon (Papio cynocephalus, Papio anubis, and hybrids) breeding colonies from the Primate Field Station (PFS) (Medical Lake, WA) to the Tulane Regional Primate Research Center (Covington, LA). Colony records on all 598 pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) and 157 baboons (P. c. anubis) shipped to the Tulane Primate Center from the PFS breeding colony were used for analysis of species, sex, age, origin, current status, an…
Genetics and caging type affect birth weight in captive pigtailed macaques ( Macaca nemestrina )
The heritability of birth weight was estimated in 3,562 captive pigtailed macaques using 30 years of breeding and pedigree records. Based on a pedigree of over 12,000 animals, quantitative genetic analyses were performed using statistical variance decomposition methods. The model included additive genetic effects, cytoplasmic genetic effects, birth environment, shared maternal environment, and unmeasured environmental effects. The results demonst…
Floating limb behaviors and self‐biting are associated in laboratory monkeys
Early descriptions of floating limb behaviors in monkeys were associated with isolation rearing, a practice that ended more than two decades ago. The present authors named various forms of behaviors in which a leg is elevated for no apparent reason: “Floating Limb Suite” (FLS). Floating limb behaviors, identified in laboratory monkeys at the Washington National Primate Research Center (WaNPRC), consist of two subcategories distinguished by whethe…
Aggression in pigtailed macaque ( Macaca nemestrina ) breeding groups affects pregnancy outcome
Past research has shown that aggressive behaviors can affect female reproductive outcome in nonhuman primate captive breeding programs. In this study, aggressive behaviors were recorded in a colony of pigtailed macaque monkeys ( Macaca nemestrina ) and related to pregnancy outcome. For 22 weeks, behavioral data were collected from nine breeding groups, consisting of zero to one male (some males were removed after a cycle of conceptions for husban…
Developmental and cross-situational stability in infant pigtailed macaque temperament
We assessed developmental stability and context generalizability of temperament in pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) from the University of Washington Infant Primate Research Lab. A principal components analysis condensed 6 behavioral measures into 2 components, interpreted as reactivity and boldness. Changes in these measures over the 1st 10 months of development showed a trend toward calmer and bolder behavior with age, with significant in…
Population Genetics of the W ashington N ational P rimate R esearch C enter's ( W a NPRC ) Captive Pigtailed Macaque ( Macaca nemestrina ) Population
Pigtailed macaques ( Macaca nemestrina ) provide an important model for biomedical research on human disease and for studying the evolution of primate behavior. The genetic structure of captive populations of pigtailed macaques is not as well described as that of captive rhesus ( M. mulatta) or cynomolgus ( M. fascicularis ) macaques. The W ashington N ational P rimate R esearch C enter houses the largest captive colony of pigtailed macaques loca…
Temperament in Rhesus, Long‐Tailed, and Pigtailed Macaques Varies by Species and Sex
Temperament differs among individuals both within and between species. Evidence suggests that differences in temperament of group members may parallel differences in social behavior among groups or between species. Here, we compared temperament between three closely related species of monkey—rhesus ( Macaca mulatta ), long‐tailed ( M. fascicularis ), and pigtailed ( M. nemestrina ) macaques—using cage‐front behavioral observations of individually…
Four decades of leading‐edge research in the reproductive and developmental sciences
An empirical comparison of short tandem repeats (STRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for relatedness estimation in Chinese rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta )
We compare the effectiveness of short tandem repeat (STR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes for estimating pairwise relatedness, using molecular data and pedigree records from a captive Chinese rhesus macaque population at the California National Primate Research Center. We find that a panel of 81 SNPs is as effective at estimating first-order kin relationships as a panel of 14 highly polymorphic STRs. We note, however, that the …
Food for Thought
Enrichment is a key to keeping animals in zoos healthy and stimulated. For carnivores, the practice of feeding vertebrate animal carcasses, like those of goats or deer, or whole body prey animals like chickens or rabbits, can be an effective form of enrichment. While it is beneficial for animal care, carcass feeding may also be off-putting to some visitors. This research aimed to address this concern by describing the attitudes and comfort levels…
Biology (15 works) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (12 works) · Macaque (11 works) · Psychology (9 works) · Animal Behavior and Reproduction (8 works) · Ecology (8 works) · Primate (8 works) · Developmental psychology (7 works) · Macaca nemestrina (7 works) · Zoology (6 works)