W Duxbury
Biographic Data
| ID | 48757 |
|---|---|
| NAME | W Duxbury |
| GIVEN NAMES | W |
| FAMILY NAME | Duxbury |
| SIGNATURE | DUXBURY W |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2071-8357 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 123 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2017 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Political Fracturing within the Asian American Electorate
Racial minority political influence may be jeopardized when constituent subgroups disagree on policy priorities and on the political parties that best represent their interests. In this study, we examine the prevalence of political fracturing— the formation of pluralistic subgroups that coalesce around political ideology, identity, trust, engagement, and issue opinions within broader racial groups—within the Asian American electorate, an increasi…
Marginal Structural Effects for Exponential Random Graph Models
Exponential random graph models (ERGMs) are now a staple for social network analysis due to their ability to parameterize effects from endogenous network structures, such as two stars and triangles. However, interpreting coefficients for structural ERGM terms poses two problems. First, it is not possible to change the value of a structural term “holding all else constant” in models with nontrivial dyadic dependencies. Second, parameters for struc…
Micro Effects on Macro Structure: Identification, Interpretation, Mediation, and Sensitivity Analysis for Model Selection
How do social network interactions at the micro level generate novel network structures at the macro level? While recent methodological advancements have enabled the statistical analysis of micro–macro network effects, the current literature says little about the conditions sufficient to draw causal inference, how to evaluate indirect pathways that generate macro-level structures, or how to assess the sensitivity of empirical estimates to model c…
The Risk Creates the Reward: Reputational Returns to Legal and Quality Risks in Online Illegal Drug Trade
Although buyers in unregulated markets depend heavily on reputational information in the absence of state oversight, few studies examine how the riskiness of a good may condition reputational effects on prices. We capitalize on novel data on 10,465 illegal drug exchanges on one online 'darknet' illegal drug market and computational text analysis to evaluate how distinct types of legal and quality risks moderate reputational effects on illegal dru…
Why are state prison populations shrinking? A research note
After four decades of explosive growth, the US imprisonment rate began to inch downward in 2008. Despite fostering extensive public and policy debate, we know surprisingly little about why state imprisonment rates are declining. Although prior studies have examined correlates of decreases in imprisonment, it is currently unknown how much of the observed decrease in state prison populations can be attributed to decreases in the crime rate since it…
Black in blue networks: Social Network Integration and Racial Disparities in Police Use of Force
Explanations for police behavior argue that "us versus them" group dynamics shape officer interactions with the public. Yet, studies on racial disparities in policing overlook the interpersonal networks central to scholarship on group boundaries. We integrate insights from the literature on networks, group identity, and intergroup relations to consider how social network size and racial composition affect racial disparities in police officer use …
Peculiar Institution? The Legacy of Slavery and Prison Expansion in the United States, 1970–2015
Despite a long line of scholarship on race and social control, evidence that incarceration can be connected to slavery is difficult to provide. This study evaluates whether slavery had long-term effects on growth in state incarceration rates by focusing on two key theoretical indicators: the size of the enslaved population prior to the Civil War and demographic changes during the Great Migration. Results reveal that states that historically had l…
Micro-Macro Mediation Analysis in Social Networks
Mediation analysis is increasingly used in the social sciences. Extension to social network data, however, has proved difficult because statistical network models are formulated at a lower level of analysis (the dyad) than many outcomes of interest. This study introduces a general approach for micro-macro mediation analysis in social networks. The author defines the average mediated micro effect (AMME) as the indirect effect of a network selectio…
Collaborating on the Carceral State: Political Elite Polarization and the Expansion of Federal Crime Legislation Networks, 1979 to 2005
Lawmakers are routinely confronted by urgent social issues, yet they hold conflicting policy preferences, incentives, and goals that can undermine collaboration. How do lawmakers collaborate on solutions to urgent issues in the presence of conflicts? I argue that by building mutual trust, networks provide a mechanism to overcome the risks conflict imposes on policy collaboration. But, in doing so, network dependence constrains lawmakers' ability …
The Ties that Bind are those that Punish: Network Polarization and Federal Crime Policy Gridlock, 1979-2005
Largely overlooked in research on criminal legal expansion is the rise of political polarization and its attendant consequences for crime policy. Drawing on theories of intergroup collaboration and policymaking research, I argue that network polarization-low frequencies of collaborative relations between lawmakers belonging to distinct political groups-negatively affects crime legislation passage by reducing information flows, increasing intergro…
Online Illegal Cryptomarkets
Cryptomarkets-online markets for illegal goods-have revolutionized the illegal drug trade, constituting about 10% of all drug trades and attracting users to a greater variety of and more addictive substances than available in offline drug markets. This review introduces the burgeoning area of sociology research on illegal cryptomarkets, particularly in the realm of drug trade. We emphasize the expanding role of illicit online trade and its releva…
The Boys in Blue Are Watching You: The Shifting Metropolitan Landscape and Big Data Police Surveillance in the United States
Despite decades of crime decline, police surveillance has continued to expand through a range of tactics oriented towards policing social disadvantage. Yet, despite attention to the linkages between residential inequality and policing, few studies have accounted for two intertwined structural developments since the turn of the 21st century: (1) the shift away from spatially concentrated patterns of racial segregation within urban centers towards …
The Asymmetry of Embeddedness: Illegal Trade Networks and Drug Purchasing Diversity on an Online Illegal Drug Market
While economic sociology research and theory argue that excessive network embeddedness depresses competition in illegal markets, prior research does not examine how distinct types of embeddedness may have asymmetric effects on the diversity of purchasing behavior-the range of illegal goods that buyers typically purchase. This study considers how network embeddedness can positively or negatively affect drug purchasing diversity in online drug mark…
The Past and Present of Crime Research in Social Forces: How the Sociology of Crime Lost its Roots—And Found Them Again
The centennial of Social Forces provides an opportunity to examine change and stability in crime research in one of sociology’s oldest journals. Since the first issue of Social Forces in 1922, crime and punishment have transitioned from marginal topics subsumed under the umbrella of deviance studies to a central research area. This essay traces the intellectual development of crime research as captured in Social Forces’ pages and contrasts it wit…
A Threatening Tone: Homicide, Racial Threat Narratives, and the Historical Growth of Incarceration in the United States, 1926–2016
This study evaluates how homicide, racial threat, and media discourse interacted to shape the timing and persistence of prison growth in the United States. Drawing on Blumer’s classic work, I argue that media discourse circulates threat narratives that portray racial minorities as either economically, politically, or criminally threatening. Criminal threat narratives increase in response to highly salient crimes, like homicide, and exert institut…
Scaling bias in pooled exponential random graph models
Racial Resentment and the Death Penalty
We explore the annual number of death sentences imposed on black and white offenders within each US state from 1989 through 2017, with particular attention to the impact of aggregate levels of racial resentment. Controlling for general ideological conservatism, homicides, population size, violent crime, institutional and partisan factors, and the inertial nature of death sentencing behavior, we find that racial hostility translates directly into …
Micro Effects on Macro Structure in Social Networks
How do individuals’ network selection decisions create unique network structures? Despite broad sociological interest in the micro-level social interactions that create macro-level network structure, few methods are available to statistically evaluate micro-macro relationships in social networks. This study introduces a general methodological framework for testing the effect of (micro) network selection processes, such as homophily, reciprocity, …
Network embeddedness in illegal online markets: Endogenous Sources of Prices and Profit in Anonymous Criminal Drug Trade
Although economic sociology emphasizes the role of social networks for shaping economic action, little research has examined how network governance structures affect prices in the unregulated and high-risk social context of online criminal trade. We consider how overembeddedness-a state of excessive interconnectedness among market actors-arises from endogenous trade relations to shape prices in illegal online markets with aggregate consequences f…
The Problem of Scaling in Exponential Random Graph Models
This study shows that residual variation can cause problems related to scaling in exponential random graph models (ERGM). Residual variation is likely to exist when there are unmeasured variables in a model-even those uncorrelated with other predictors-or when the logistic form of the model is inappropriate. As a consequence, coefficients cannot be interpreted as effect sizes or compared between models and homophily coefficients, as well as other…
Fear or Loathing in the United States? Public Opinion and the Rise of Racial Disparity in Mass Incarceration, 1978–2015
Adefining characteristic of mass incarceration is the overwhelming racial disparity in US prison populations. Yet, little research has examined the role of public attitudes in the growth of racial disparity in incarceration rates during the prison boom. This article considers the influence of explicit and modern forms of prejudice and traces a portion of the rise in racial disparity in incarceration rates to historically high levels of fear of cr…
Whose Vote Counts for Crime Policy
Policy responsiveness to public opinion is necessary for democratic governance, yet research on crime policy responsiveness has focused on the public at large, overlooking variation in policy support among demographic bodies and its heterogeneous effects on policy implementation. Creating new state-level measures of group opinion on punitive policy mood using 257,356 responses to 79 national surveys administered between 1970 and 2015, this study …
A General Panel Model for Unobserved Time Heterogeneity with Application to the Politics of Mass Incarceration
Panel data analysis is common in the social sciences. Fixed effects models are a favorite among sociologists because they control for unobserved heterogeneity (unexplained variation) among cross-sectional units, but estimates are biased when there is unobserved heterogeneity in the underlying time trends. Two-way fixed effects models adjust for unobserved time heterogeneity but are inefficient, cannot include unit-invariant variables, and elimina…
Who Controls Criminal Law? Racial Threat and the Adoption of State Sentencing Law, 1975 to 2012
Threat theory argues that states toughen criminal laws to repress the competitive power of large minority groups. Yet, research on threat suffers from a poor understanding of why minority group size contributes to social control and a lack of evidence on whether criminal law is uniquely responsive to the political interests of majority racial groups at all. By compiling a unique state-level dataset on 230 sentencing policy changes during mass inc…
Diagnosing Multicollinearity in Exponential Random Graph Models
Exponential random graph models (ERGM) have been widely applied in the social sciences in the past 10 years. However, diagnostics for ERGM have lagged behind their use. Collinearity-type problems can emerge without detection when fitting ERGM, yielding inconsistent model estimates and problematizing inference from parameters. This article provides a method to detect multicollinearity in ERGM. It outlines the problem and provides a method to calcu…
Who Controls Criminal Law? Racial Threat and the Adoption of State Sentencing Law, 1975 to 2012
Threat theory argues that states toughen criminal laws to repress the competitive power of large minority groups. Yet, research on threat suffers from a poor understanding of why minority group size contributes to social control and a lack of evidence on whether criminal law is uniquely responsive to the political interests of majority racial groups at all. By compiling a unique state-level dataset on 230 sentencing policy changes during mass inc…
The Problem of Scaling in Exponential Random Graph Models
This study shows that residual variation can cause problems related to scaling in exponential random graph models (ERGM). Residual variation is likely to exist when there are unmeasured variables in a model-even those uncorrelated with other predictors-or when the logistic form of the model is inappropriate. As a consequence, coefficients cannot be interpreted as effect sizes or compared between models and homophily coefficients, as well as other…
Criminal network security: An agent‐based approach to evaluating network resilience
Criminal networks are frequently at risk of disruption through arrest and interorganizational violence. Difficulties in designing empirical studies of criminal network recovery, however, have problematized research into network responses to disruption. In this study, we evaluate criminal network resilience by examining network recovery from disruption in an array of different criminal networks and across different disruption strategies. We use an…
School suspension and social selection: Labeling, network change, and adolescent, academic achievement
Micro Effects on Macro Structure in Social Networks
How do individuals’ network selection decisions create unique network structures? Despite broad sociological interest in the micro-level social interactions that create macro-level network structure, few methods are available to statistically evaluate micro-macro relationships in social networks. This study introduces a general methodological framework for testing the effect of (micro) network selection processes, such as homophily, reciprocity, …
Diagnosing Multicollinearity in Exponential Random Graph Models
Exponential random graph models (ERGM) have been widely applied in the social sciences in the past 10 years. However, diagnostics for ERGM have lagged behind their use. Collinearity-type problems can emerge without detection when fitting ERGM, yielding inconsistent model estimates and problematizing inference from parameters. This article provides a method to detect multicollinearity in ERGM. It outlines the problem and provides a method to calcu…
Network embeddedness in illegal online markets: Endogenous Sources of Prices and Profit in Anonymous Criminal Drug Trade
Although economic sociology emphasizes the role of social networks for shaping economic action, little research has examined how network governance structures affect prices in the unregulated and high-risk social context of online criminal trade. We consider how overembeddedness-a state of excessive interconnectedness among market actors-arises from endogenous trade relations to shape prices in illegal online markets with aggregate consequences f…
Shining a Light on the Shadows: Endogenous Trade Structure and the Growth of an Online Illegal Market
How do illegal markets grow and develop? Using unique transaction-level data on 7,205 market actors and 16,847 illegal drug exchanges on a “darknet” drug market, the authors evaluate the network processes that shape online illegal drug trade and promote the growth of online illegal drug markets. Contrary to past research on online markets, the authors argue that the high-risk context of illegal trade enhances market actors’ reliance on social rel…
Whose Vote Counts for Crime Policy
Policy responsiveness to public opinion is necessary for democratic governance, yet research on crime policy responsiveness has focused on the public at large, overlooking variation in policy support among demographic bodies and its heterogeneous effects on policy implementation. Creating new state-level measures of group opinion on punitive policy mood using 257,356 responses to 79 national surveys administered between 1970 and 2015, this study …
Identifying key players in bipartite networks
Measures of bipartite network structure have recently gained attention from network scholars. However, there is currently no measure for identifying key players in two-mode networks. This article proposes measures for identifying key players in bipartite networks. It focuses on two measures: fragmentation and cohesion centrality. It extends the centrality measures to bipartite networks by considering (1) cohesion and fragmentation centrality with…
Information creation on online drug forums: How drug use becomes moral on the margins of science
Potential users of grey-market substances seek out internet drug websites to gather legal high information. However, where previous researchers have investigated drug wikis as sources of drug information, few have looked into the drug forums where an abundance of legal-high information is created. Knowledge is produced on internet drug forums through social processes of drug information sharing and relating personal experiences. These knowledge p…
Online Illegal Cryptomarkets
Cryptomarkets-online markets for illegal goods-have revolutionized the illegal drug trade, constituting about 10% of all drug trades and attracting users to a greater variety of and more addictive substances than available in offline drug markets. This review introduces the burgeoning area of sociology research on illegal cryptomarkets, particularly in the realm of drug trade. We emphasize the expanding role of illicit online trade and its releva…
Why are state prison populations shrinking? A research note
After four decades of explosive growth, the US imprisonment rate began to inch downward in 2008. Despite fostering extensive public and policy debate, we know surprisingly little about why state imprisonment rates are declining. Although prior studies have examined correlates of decreases in imprisonment, it is currently unknown how much of the observed decrease in state prison populations can be attributed to decreases in the crime rate since it…
Micro-Macro Mediation Analysis in Social Networks
Mediation analysis is increasingly used in the social sciences. Extension to social network data, however, has proved difficult because statistical network models are formulated at a lower level of analysis (the dyad) than many outcomes of interest. This study introduces a general approach for micro-macro mediation analysis in social networks. The author defines the average mediated micro effect (AMME) as the indirect effect of a network selectio…
Collaborating on the Carceral State: Political Elite Polarization and the Expansion of Federal Crime Legislation Networks, 1979 to 2005
Lawmakers are routinely confronted by urgent social issues, yet they hold conflicting policy preferences, incentives, and goals that can undermine collaboration. How do lawmakers collaborate on solutions to urgent issues in the presence of conflicts? I argue that by building mutual trust, networks provide a mechanism to overcome the risks conflict imposes on policy collaboration. But, in doing so, network dependence constrains lawmakers' ability …
The Ties that Bind are those that Punish: Network Polarization and Federal Crime Policy Gridlock, 1979-2005
Largely overlooked in research on criminal legal expansion is the rise of political polarization and its attendant consequences for crime policy. Drawing on theories of intergroup collaboration and policymaking research, I argue that network polarization-low frequencies of collaborative relations between lawmakers belonging to distinct political groups-negatively affects crime legislation passage by reducing information flows, increasing intergro…
A General Panel Model for Unobserved Time Heterogeneity with Application to the Politics of Mass Incarceration
Panel data analysis is common in the social sciences. Fixed effects models are a favorite among sociologists because they control for unobserved heterogeneity (unexplained variation) among cross-sectional units, but estimates are biased when there is unobserved heterogeneity in the underlying time trends. Two-way fixed effects models adjust for unobserved time heterogeneity but are inefficient, cannot include unit-invariant variables, and elimina…
Robust Discourse and the Politics of Legitimacy: Framing International Intervention in the Syrian Civil War, 2011–2016
Legitimacy is widely invoked as a master frame in international political discourse. During episodes of contention, this frame is used by opposing sides to advance competing interpretations of the same social problems. Through an analysis of elite political discourses surrounding international intervention in the Syrian Civil War, we examine what distinguishes the effectiveness of actors' framing efforts when they use a shared frame to advance co…
Building them up, breaking them down: Topology, vendor selection patterns, and a digital drug market’s robustness to disruption
Information creation on online drug forums: How drug use becomes moral on the margins of science
Potential users of grey-market substances seek out internet drug websites to gather legal high information. However, where previous researchers have investigated drug wikis as sources of drug information, few have looked into the drug forums where an abundance of legal-high information is created. Knowledge is produced on internet drug forums through social processes of drug information sharing and relating personal experiences. These knowledge p…
Robust Discourse and the Politics of Legitimacy: Framing International Intervention in the Syrian Civil War, 2011–2016
Legitimacy is widely invoked as a master frame in international political discourse. During episodes of contention, this frame is used by opposing sides to advance competing interpretations of the same social problems. Through an analysis of elite political discourses surrounding international intervention in the Syrian Civil War, we examine what distinguishes the effectiveness of actors' framing efforts when they use a shared frame to advance co…
Criminal network security: An agent‐based approach to evaluating network resilience
Criminal networks are frequently at risk of disruption through arrest and interorganizational violence. Difficulties in designing empirical studies of criminal network recovery, however, have problematized research into network responses to disruption. In this study, we evaluate criminal network resilience by examining network recovery from disruption in an array of different criminal networks and across different disruption strategies. We use an…
Identifying key players in bipartite networks
Measures of bipartite network structure have recently gained attention from network scholars. However, there is currently no measure for identifying key players in two-mode networks. This article proposes measures for identifying key players in bipartite networks. It focuses on two measures: fragmentation and cohesion centrality. It extends the centrality measures to bipartite networks by considering (1) cohesion and fragmentation centrality with…
School suspension and social selection: Labeling, network change, and adolescent, academic achievement
Fear or Loathing in the United States? Public Opinion and the Rise of Racial Disparity in Mass Incarceration, 1978–2015
Adefining characteristic of mass incarceration is the overwhelming racial disparity in US prison populations. Yet, little research has examined the role of public attitudes in the growth of racial disparity in incarceration rates during the prison boom. This article considers the influence of explicit and modern forms of prejudice and traces a portion of the rise in racial disparity in incarceration rates to historically high levels of fear of cr…
Whose Vote Counts for Crime Policy
Policy responsiveness to public opinion is necessary for democratic governance, yet research on crime policy responsiveness has focused on the public at large, overlooking variation in policy support among demographic bodies and its heterogeneous effects on policy implementation. Creating new state-level measures of group opinion on punitive policy mood using 257,356 responses to 79 national surveys administered between 1970 and 2015, this study …
A General Panel Model for Unobserved Time Heterogeneity with Application to the Politics of Mass Incarceration
Panel data analysis is common in the social sciences. Fixed effects models are a favorite among sociologists because they control for unobserved heterogeneity (unexplained variation) among cross-sectional units, but estimates are biased when there is unobserved heterogeneity in the underlying time trends. Two-way fixed effects models adjust for unobserved time heterogeneity but are inefficient, cannot include unit-invariant variables, and elimina…
Who Controls Criminal Law? Racial Threat and the Adoption of State Sentencing Law, 1975 to 2012
Threat theory argues that states toughen criminal laws to repress the competitive power of large minority groups. Yet, research on threat suffers from a poor understanding of why minority group size contributes to social control and a lack of evidence on whether criminal law is uniquely responsive to the political interests of majority racial groups at all. By compiling a unique state-level dataset on 230 sentencing policy changes during mass inc…
Diagnosing Multicollinearity in Exponential Random Graph Models
Exponential random graph models (ERGM) have been widely applied in the social sciences in the past 10 years. However, diagnostics for ERGM have lagged behind their use. Collinearity-type problems can emerge without detection when fitting ERGM, yielding inconsistent model estimates and problematizing inference from parameters. This article provides a method to detect multicollinearity in ERGM. It outlines the problem and provides a method to calcu…
Shining a Light on the Shadows: Endogenous Trade Structure and the Growth of an Online Illegal Market
How do illegal markets grow and develop? Using unique transaction-level data on 7,205 market actors and 16,847 illegal drug exchanges on a “darknet” drug market, the authors evaluate the network processes that shape online illegal drug trade and promote the growth of online illegal drug markets. Contrary to past research on online markets, the authors argue that the high-risk context of illegal trade enhances market actors’ reliance on social rel…
The Past and Present of Crime Research in Social Forces: How the Sociology of Crime Lost its Roots—And Found Them Again
The centennial of Social Forces provides an opportunity to examine change and stability in crime research in one of sociology’s oldest journals. Since the first issue of Social Forces in 1922, crime and punishment have transitioned from marginal topics subsumed under the umbrella of deviance studies to a central research area. This essay traces the intellectual development of crime research as captured in Social Forces’ pages and contrasts it wit…
A Threatening Tone: Homicide, Racial Threat Narratives, and the Historical Growth of Incarceration in the United States, 1926–2016
This study evaluates how homicide, racial threat, and media discourse interacted to shape the timing and persistence of prison growth in the United States. Drawing on Blumer’s classic work, I argue that media discourse circulates threat narratives that portray racial minorities as either economically, politically, or criminally threatening. Criminal threat narratives increase in response to highly salient crimes, like homicide, and exert institut…
Scaling bias in pooled exponential random graph models
Racial Resentment and the Death Penalty
We explore the annual number of death sentences imposed on black and white offenders within each US state from 1989 through 2017, with particular attention to the impact of aggregate levels of racial resentment. Controlling for general ideological conservatism, homicides, population size, violent crime, institutional and partisan factors, and the inertial nature of death sentencing behavior, we find that racial hostility translates directly into …
Micro Effects on Macro Structure in Social Networks
How do individuals’ network selection decisions create unique network structures? Despite broad sociological interest in the micro-level social interactions that create macro-level network structure, few methods are available to statistically evaluate micro-macro relationships in social networks. This study introduces a general methodological framework for testing the effect of (micro) network selection processes, such as homophily, reciprocity, …
Network embeddedness in illegal online markets: Endogenous Sources of Prices and Profit in Anonymous Criminal Drug Trade
Although economic sociology emphasizes the role of social networks for shaping economic action, little research has examined how network governance structures affect prices in the unregulated and high-risk social context of online criminal trade. We consider how overembeddedness-a state of excessive interconnectedness among market actors-arises from endogenous trade relations to shape prices in illegal online markets with aggregate consequences f…
The Problem of Scaling in Exponential Random Graph Models
This study shows that residual variation can cause problems related to scaling in exponential random graph models (ERGM). Residual variation is likely to exist when there are unmeasured variables in a model-even those uncorrelated with other predictors-or when the logistic form of the model is inappropriate. As a consequence, coefficients cannot be interpreted as effect sizes or compared between models and homophily coefficients, as well as other…
Peculiar Institution? The Legacy of Slavery and Prison Expansion in the United States, 1970–2015
Despite a long line of scholarship on race and social control, evidence that incarceration can be connected to slavery is difficult to provide. This study evaluates whether slavery had long-term effects on growth in state incarceration rates by focusing on two key theoretical indicators: the size of the enslaved population prior to the Civil War and demographic changes during the Great Migration. Results reveal that states that historically had l…
Micro-Macro Mediation Analysis in Social Networks
Mediation analysis is increasingly used in the social sciences. Extension to social network data, however, has proved difficult because statistical network models are formulated at a lower level of analysis (the dyad) than many outcomes of interest. This study introduces a general approach for micro-macro mediation analysis in social networks. The author defines the average mediated micro effect (AMME) as the indirect effect of a network selectio…
Collaborating on the Carceral State: Political Elite Polarization and the Expansion of Federal Crime Legislation Networks, 1979 to 2005
Lawmakers are routinely confronted by urgent social issues, yet they hold conflicting policy preferences, incentives, and goals that can undermine collaboration. How do lawmakers collaborate on solutions to urgent issues in the presence of conflicts? I argue that by building mutual trust, networks provide a mechanism to overcome the risks conflict imposes on policy collaboration. But, in doing so, network dependence constrains lawmakers' ability …
The Ties that Bind are those that Punish: Network Polarization and Federal Crime Policy Gridlock, 1979-2005
Largely overlooked in research on criminal legal expansion is the rise of political polarization and its attendant consequences for crime policy. Drawing on theories of intergroup collaboration and policymaking research, I argue that network polarization-low frequencies of collaborative relations between lawmakers belonging to distinct political groups-negatively affects crime legislation passage by reducing information flows, increasing intergro…
Online Illegal Cryptomarkets
Cryptomarkets-online markets for illegal goods-have revolutionized the illegal drug trade, constituting about 10% of all drug trades and attracting users to a greater variety of and more addictive substances than available in offline drug markets. This review introduces the burgeoning area of sociology research on illegal cryptomarkets, particularly in the realm of drug trade. We emphasize the expanding role of illicit online trade and its releva…
The Boys in Blue Are Watching You: The Shifting Metropolitan Landscape and Big Data Police Surveillance in the United States
Despite decades of crime decline, police surveillance has continued to expand through a range of tactics oriented towards policing social disadvantage. Yet, despite attention to the linkages between residential inequality and policing, few studies have accounted for two intertwined structural developments since the turn of the 21st century: (1) the shift away from spatially concentrated patterns of racial segregation within urban centers towards …
Crime Patterns and Interventions (14 works) · Computer Science (13 works) · Criminology (13 works) · Sociology (13 works) · Psychology (12 works) · Political science (10 works) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (9 works) · Law (9 works) · Politics (9 works) · Complex Network Analysis Techniques (7 works)