Antti Arjava
Biographic Data
| ID | 4973147 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Antti Arjava |
| GIVEN NAMES | Antti |
| FAMILY NAME | Arjava |
| SIGNATURE | ARJAVA A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Helsinki |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7686-6455 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 19 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 81 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 19 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1992 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
The End of Tutela Mulierum
Despite the well-known weakening of the Roman guardianship of women by the early Principate, its final disappearance from Roman law has remained a mystery. In modern scholarship, the proposed dates for the abolishment of tutela have ranged from the late third century to the early fifth, or to the claim that it just fell out of use without ever being formally abrogated. This article combines legal and papyrological sources to show that we can in f…
Eine Freilassung aus der väterlichen Gewalt: CPR Vi 78
Vor dreizehn Jahren wurde ein Papyrus unter der Überschrift "Eingabe an den Strategen" als CPR VI 78 (ca. 265 n. Chr.) publiziert. Diese Bezeichnung trifft zwar zu, doch läßt sie nicht sofort den besonderen Reiz dieser Urkunde erkennen, der darinbesteht, daß sie eine testamentarisch verfügte Freilassung (emancipatio) aus der römischen patria potestas anführt
Women and Law in Late Antiquity
Journal Article Women and Law in Late Antiquity Get access Arjava Antti, Women and Law in Late Antiquity. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. xii, 304 pp. $24.95 (paper). Dominic Janes Dominic Janes King's College, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Legal History, Volume 43, Issue 3, July 1999, Pages 347–348, https://doi.org/10.2307/846173 Published: 01 July 1999
Women and Law in Late Antiquity
This is the first comprehensive account of women's legal and social positions in the west from classical antiquity right through to the early middle ages. The main focus of the book is on the late antique period, with constant reference to classical Roman law and the lives of women in the early empire. The book goes on to follow women's history up to the seventh century, thus bridging the notorious gap of the 'dark ages'. Major themes include dau…
Paternal Power in Late Antiquity
One of the most peculiar features of Roman law was the father's dominant position. In theory, he exercised an almost absolute authority, patria potestas, over his descendants until his own death. The uniqueness of their family system did not escape the Romans themselves. In his mid-second-century legal textbook Gaius explained:Item in potestate nostra sunt liberi nostri quos iustis nuptiis procreavimus. Quod ius proprium civium Romanorum est; fer…
Women and the Society of Men
In this work we have so far examined Roman women mainly in connection with marriage and the family. In fact, legal texts easily give the impression that women were seen only as members of their family and had no independent role outside it. This picture, though partially true, is nevertheless somewhat distorted. It derives from the fact that the most common words denoting women were precisely those which defined her position inside the family, su…
Title Pages
Mothers and Children
According to the Roman family system, a citizen of legitimate free origin belonged only to the paternal gens and familia. The mother was a member of another family. Theoretically, she had no rights to her children although she had not a few duties to them. Furthermore, there was between them no automatic right of succession. Thus the legal ties between a child and his/her maternal family were relatively weak. But we should not conclude that the s…
Historical Setting and Sources
In political and religious history, late antiquity marks the end of one world and the beginning of another. The Roman empire slowly disintegrated, Christianity prevailed over other religions, and classical antiquity gave way to the dark ages. In the end, Germanic kings held sway over western Europe. My intention is to find out how these developments affected the status of women. This is not first and foremost a study in legal history. The main so…
Married Women
There should be no doubt that marriage was a very important institution in Roman society. The state encouraged it because it produced new citizens. Individual people, too, had many reasons to crave for a family. In the lower classes it provided social security: it was not good to grow old without children. Well born people wanted legitimate offspring to inherit their property and to continue their line, that is, to ensure their immortality after …
A Glossary of Latin Legal Terms
Subject Classical Studies Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
Note on Translations
Subject Classical Studies Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
Abbreviations
Separation and Single Life
As we have seen, the young age of Roman girls at marriage was typical of the Mediterranean family pattern. Consequently, extended youth, so characteristic of modern western society, was virtually non-existent in Rome; the girl left her childhood as she married. On the other hand, as mortality in general was high and especially as husbands were so much older, wives were often, and relatively early, widowed. The independence of married women may ha…
Sexual Relations outside Marriage
Marriage is not the only way to satisfy sexual needs. However, for women it has usually been the only one which has been legally and morally accepted—except when they have been reserved for the common use of several men as prostitutes or slaves. In sexual morals the inequality of males and females appears most clearly. On this question the Christian church claimed to advocate a radically novel view. Its influence on late ancient society will be e…
General Conclusions
Is it possible to detect a general historical trend behind all the individual phenomena which have emerged from our examination’ The answer seems to be no. No new ideal for female roles and behaviour was ever formulated. No grand theory alone can explain either the position of women in late Roman law and society, or all the changes which took place. To confirm this impression, we shall once more review the major cultural, social, and legal develo…
Fathers and Children
One of the most peculiar features of Roman law was the father’s dominant position. In theory, he exercised an almost absolute authority, patria potestas, over his descendants until his own death. This should not be confused with the power of the kin. In societies where central power is weak, kinship groups have often taken a key role in securing internal order and external security. It is true that the system of patria potestas fulfilled some of …
Women and Law in Late Antiquity
This is the first comprehensive account of women's legal and social position in the west from classical antiquity right through to the early middle ages. The main focus of the book is on the late antique period, with constant reference to classical Roman law and the lives of women in the early empire. The book goes on to follow women's history up to the seventh century, thus bridging the notorious gap of the "dark ages". Major themes include daug…
Zum Gebrauch der griechischen Rangprädikate des Senatorenstandes in den Papyri und Inschriften
Die folgende Untersuchung wurde von zwei Papyri angeregt, in denen eine Frau,[...], auftritt. Im Jahre 295 n. Chr. wurde sie mit dem Titel [...] geehrt (PSI V 472), vier Jahre später war sie [...] (PSI XIII 1338). Das sind zwei Titel, die nach der herrschenden Auffassung nicht derselben Person gleichzeitig zugehört haben können
Women and Law in Late Antiquity
This is the first comprehensive account of women's legal and social position in the west from classical antiquity right through to the early middle ages. The main focus of the book is on the late antique period, with constant reference to classical Roman law and the lives of women in the early empire. The book goes on to follow women's history up to the seventh century, thus bridging the notorious gap of the "dark ages". Major themes include daug…
Paternal Power in Late Antiquity
One of the most peculiar features of Roman law was the father's dominant position. In theory, he exercised an almost absolute authority, patria potestas, over his descendants until his own death. The uniqueness of their family system did not escape the Romans themselves. In his mid-second-century legal textbook Gaius explained:Item in potestate nostra sunt liberi nostri quos iustis nuptiis procreavimus. Quod ius proprium civium Romanorum est; fer…
Women and Law in Late Antiquity
Journal Article Women and Law in Late Antiquity Get access Arjava Antti, Women and Law in Late Antiquity. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. xii, 304 pp. $24.95 (paper). Dominic Janes Dominic Janes King's College, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Legal History, Volume 43, Issue 3, July 1999, Pages 347–348, https://doi.org/10.2307/846173 Published: 01 July 1999
Zum Gebrauch der griechischen Rangprädikate des Senatorenstandes in den Papyri und Inschriften
Die folgende Untersuchung wurde von zwei Papyri angeregt, in denen eine Frau,[...], auftritt. Im Jahre 295 n. Chr. wurde sie mit dem Titel [...] geehrt (PSI V 472), vier Jahre später war sie [...] (PSI XIII 1338). Das sind zwei Titel, die nach der herrschenden Auffassung nicht derselben Person gleichzeitig zugehört haben können
Women and the Society of Men
In this work we have so far examined Roman women mainly in connection with marriage and the family. In fact, legal texts easily give the impression that women were seen only as members of their family and had no independent role outside it. This picture, though partially true, is nevertheless somewhat distorted. It derives from the fact that the most common words denoting women were precisely those which defined her position inside the family, su…
Title Pages
Mothers and Children
According to the Roman family system, a citizen of legitimate free origin belonged only to the paternal gens and familia. The mother was a member of another family. Theoretically, she had no rights to her children although she had not a few duties to them. Furthermore, there was between them no automatic right of succession. Thus the legal ties between a child and his/her maternal family were relatively weak. But we should not conclude that the s…
Historical Setting and Sources
In political and religious history, late antiquity marks the end of one world and the beginning of another. The Roman empire slowly disintegrated, Christianity prevailed over other religions, and classical antiquity gave way to the dark ages. In the end, Germanic kings held sway over western Europe. My intention is to find out how these developments affected the status of women. This is not first and foremost a study in legal history. The main so…
Married Women
There should be no doubt that marriage was a very important institution in Roman society. The state encouraged it because it produced new citizens. Individual people, too, had many reasons to crave for a family. In the lower classes it provided social security: it was not good to grow old without children. Well born people wanted legitimate offspring to inherit their property and to continue their line, that is, to ensure their immortality after …
A Glossary of Latin Legal Terms
Subject Classical Studies Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
Note on Translations
Subject Classical Studies Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
Abbreviations
Separation and Single Life
As we have seen, the young age of Roman girls at marriage was typical of the Mediterranean family pattern. Consequently, extended youth, so characteristic of modern western society, was virtually non-existent in Rome; the girl left her childhood as she married. On the other hand, as mortality in general was high and especially as husbands were so much older, wives were often, and relatively early, widowed. The independence of married women may ha…
Sexual Relations outside Marriage
Marriage is not the only way to satisfy sexual needs. However, for women it has usually been the only one which has been legally and morally accepted—except when they have been reserved for the common use of several men as prostitutes or slaves. In sexual morals the inequality of males and females appears most clearly. On this question the Christian church claimed to advocate a radically novel view. Its influence on late ancient society will be e…
General Conclusions
Is it possible to detect a general historical trend behind all the individual phenomena which have emerged from our examination’ The answer seems to be no. No new ideal for female roles and behaviour was ever formulated. No grand theory alone can explain either the position of women in late Roman law and society, or all the changes which took place. To confirm this impression, we shall once more review the major cultural, social, and legal develo…
Fathers and Children
One of the most peculiar features of Roman law was the father’s dominant position. In theory, he exercised an almost absolute authority, patria potestas, over his descendants until his own death. This should not be confused with the power of the kin. In societies where central power is weak, kinship groups have often taken a key role in securing internal order and external security. It is true that the system of patria potestas fulfilled some of …
Women and Law in Late Antiquity
This is the first comprehensive account of women's legal and social position in the west from classical antiquity right through to the early middle ages. The main focus of the book is on the late antique period, with constant reference to classical Roman law and the lives of women in the early empire. The book goes on to follow women's history up to the seventh century, thus bridging the notorious gap of the "dark ages". Major themes include daug…
Women and Law in Late Antiquity
This is the first comprehensive account of women's legal and social positions in the west from classical antiquity right through to the early middle ages. The main focus of the book is on the late antique period, with constant reference to classical Roman law and the lives of women in the early empire. The book goes on to follow women's history up to the seventh century, thus bridging the notorious gap of the 'dark ages'. Major themes include dau…
Paternal Power in Late Antiquity
One of the most peculiar features of Roman law was the father's dominant position. In theory, he exercised an almost absolute authority, patria potestas, over his descendants until his own death. The uniqueness of their family system did not escape the Romans themselves. In his mid-second-century legal textbook Gaius explained:Item in potestate nostra sunt liberi nostri quos iustis nuptiis procreavimus. Quod ius proprium civium Romanorum est; fer…
Women and Law in Late Antiquity
Journal Article Women and Law in Late Antiquity Get access Arjava Antti, Women and Law in Late Antiquity. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. xii, 304 pp. $24.95 (paper). Dominic Janes Dominic Janes King's College, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Legal History, Volume 43, Issue 3, July 1999, Pages 347–348, https://doi.org/10.2307/846173 Published: 01 July 1999
Eine Freilassung aus der väterlichen Gewalt: CPR Vi 78
Vor dreizehn Jahren wurde ein Papyrus unter der Überschrift "Eingabe an den Strategen" als CPR VI 78 (ca. 265 n. Chr.) publiziert. Diese Bezeichnung trifft zwar zu, doch läßt sie nicht sofort den besonderen Reiz dieser Urkunde erkennen, der darinbesteht, daß sie eine testamentarisch verfügte Freilassung (emancipatio) aus der römischen patria potestas anführt
The End of Tutela Mulierum
Despite the well-known weakening of the Roman guardianship of women by the early Principate, its final disappearance from Roman law has remained a mystery. In modern scholarship, the proposed dates for the abolishment of tutela have ranged from the late third century to the early fifth, or to the claim that it just fell out of use without ever being formally abrogated. This article combines legal and papyrological sources to show that we can in f…
Political science (13 works) · Law (11 works) · History (10 works) · Classical Antiquity Studies (8 works) · Sociology (8 works) · Classical Studies and Legal History (7 works) · Philosophy (7 works) · Gender Studies (6 works) · Multicultural Socio-Legal Studies (6 works) · Ancient history (5 works)