Gene P Sackett
Biographic Data
| ID | 4989430 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Gene P Sackett |
| GIVEN NAMES | Gene P |
| FAMILY NAME | Sackett |
| SIGNATURE | SACKETT G P |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Washington |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 35 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 34 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 35 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1970 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2013 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Four decades of leading‐edge research in the reproductive and developmental sciences: The Infant Primate Research Laboratory at the University of Washington National Primate Research Center
Statistical methods for describing developmental milestones with censored data: Effects of birth weight status and sex in neonatal pigtailed macaques
Neurobehavioral tests are used to assess early neonatal behavioral functioning and detect effects of prenatal and perinatal events. However, common measurement and data collection methods create specific data features requiring thoughtful statistical analysis. Assessment response measurements are often ordinal scaled, not interval scaled; the magnitude of the physical response may not directly correlate with the underlying state of developmental …
Let's think it over again: A neobehaviorist view of cognition in animals
A NUTSHELLRadical behaviorists, such as John Watson and B.F. Skinner, have proposed that the results of muscular activity alone are the proper data for understanding behavior.In this view, all behavior is built upon unlearned processes that are shaped into their adult form through respondent (classical) and operant (instrumental) conditioning.There is no need to enter the organism's interior anatomy or physiology, or to probe any internal process…
Survival, growth, health, and reproduction following nursery rearing compared with mother rearing in pigtailed monkeys (Macaca nemestrina)
Nursery-reared primates do not experience psychological “maternal bonding” or immunological benefits of breast milk, so they are expected to be inferior to mother-raised monkeys in growth, health, survival, reproduction, and maternal abilities. Studies of nursery-reared monkeys support aspects of this prediction for infants deprived of social contact or raised in pairs. We present colony record data on 1,187 mother and 506 nursery-raised monkeys,…
Survival, growth, health, and reproduction following nursery rearing compared with mother rearing in pigtailed monkeys ( Macaca nemestrina )
Nursery‐reared primates do not experience psychological “maternal bonding” or immunological benefits of breast milk, so they are expected to be inferior to mother‐raised monkeys in growth, health, survival, reproduction, and maternal abilities. Studies of nursery‐reared monkeys support aspects of this prediction for infants deprived of social contact or raised in pairs. We present colony record data on 1,187 mother and 506 nursery‐raised monkeys,…
Markovian models for the developmental study of social behavior
Behavioral development involves changes in the probabilities of both social and nonsocial activities and the sequential pattern of activities over time. A number of methods have been offered for the analysis of these patterns of behavioral sequences. However, there continue to be problematic issues, including the analysis of nonstationary data; accommodation of changes in patterns within an observation period, or over repeated observations or age…
Demographic analysis of the Washington Regional Primate Research Center pigtailed macaque colony, 1967-1996
This work presents the results of a demographic analysis of 30 years of breeding records from the University of Washington's recently closed Primate Field Station at Medical Lake, Washington. Summaries of population growth, age-specific fertility and mortality rates, first-year survival, and seasonality of reproduction are presented, as well as an analysis of survival by decade. In addition, we present data on interbirth intervals in this populat…
Weaning, body weight, and postpartum amenorrhea duration in pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina)
Early permanent infant separation or weaning decreases the time interval between pregnancies and interbirth intervals for many female primates. At least part of the interpregnancy interval consists of postpartum amenorrhea, a period of non-menstruation lasting from the time of birth until the female begins to ovulate. This study investigated the effects of weaning age and dam's body weight on the duration of the interval between pregnancies, the …
Social housing and pregnancy outcome in captive pigtailed macaques
We present a retrospective analysis of 30 years of breeding records from a colony of pigtailed macaques at the University of Washington's Regional Primate Research Center, specifically examining the effects on pregnancy outcome of sire presence, presence of other pregnant females, group stability, overall group size, and dam age and parity. Data on 2,040 pregnancies (1,890 live births) of socially housed pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) wer…
Behavioral measurement of temperament in male nursery-raised infant macaques and baboons
We define temperament as an individual's set of characteristic behavioral responses to novel or challenging stimuli. This study adapted a temperament scale used with rhesus macaques by Schneider and colleagues [American Journal of Primatology 25:137-155, 1991] for use with male pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina, n = 7), longtailed macaque (M. fascicularis, n = 3), and baboon infants (Papio cynocephalus anubis, n = 4). Subjects were evaluated t…
Social development in nursery‐reared pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina)
Social development in nursery-reared pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina)
The social development of 240 nursery-reared pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) was studied from postnatal weeks 4 to 32. The objectives of the study were to document developmental trends and evaluate social behavior in laboratory-reared M. nemestrina raised at the University of Washington Infant Primate Laboratory, and to identify husbandry factors that might affect early social development. Only infants who had not undergone invasive postna…
Pair-rearing infant monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) using a “rotating-peer” strategy
Appropriate rearing conditions for captive primates are important for both research and breeding purposes. In an earlier study, pigtailed macaque infants that were pair-reared with a single continuous partner exhibited excessive social clinging and could not adapt to living in large social groups at 8-10 months of age. In the present study, eight macaques were pair-reared until they were 6 months old. Each member of an animal's four-monkey social…
Multiple-spell, discrete-time survival analysis of developmental data: Object concept in pigtailed macaques
To measure cognitive development in 123 pigtailed macaques, we calculated medians and quartiles for the milestones of classical (Piagetian) object concept development (plain reach, partial-hide, full-hide, and A-not-B) in both 2-dimensional (screen) and 3-dimensional (well) tasks. Using multiple-spell, discrete-time survival analysis, we examined the influence of 4 independent variables (starting age, sex, birth weight, and task) on the probabili…
Climbing test to measure gross motor development in monkeys
This report describes an apparatus, protocol, and coding procedure to quantify gross motor skills in infant Macaca nemestrina , and presents data obtained from this system. The apparatus consists of a 1.8‐m‐tall Plexiglas tube extending from the top of a standard stainless steel cage. Animals climb the tube to reach a food reward. Measures of climbing ability included time and number of contacts with the tube. Data were collected on 336 climbs to…
Ultrasound measurement of fetal growth in Macaca nemestrina
Longitudinal ultrasound data were collected for 18 structures in 37 pigtailed macaque ( Macaca nemestrina ) fetuses to 1) generate standards of normal fetal growth, 2) measure operator reliability, 3) assess the accuracy of linear and nonlinear regression models to estimate gestational age and dates of delivery, and 4) evaluate the portability of equations and absolute values derived from data at one facility (Seattle) to describe independently c…
Sex differences in compatibility of pair‐housed adult longtailed macaques
This research was designed to evaluate the effects of same‐sex pair housing on the psychological well‐being of adult wild‐born longtailed macaques ( Macaca fascicularis ). We studied behavioral compatibility and stress as measured by urinary cortisol excretion in 15 pairs of each sex. Before they were housed together, the pairs were categorized by noncontact pairedpreference testing as preferred, nonpreferred, or randomly assigned partners. Every…
Urinary cortisol responses of longtailed macaques to five cage sizes, tethering, sedation, and room change
Urinary free cortisol responses to five cage sizes, cage level, room change, tethering adaptation, chronic catheterization, and ketamine sedation were measured in 14 female and 14 male wild‐born adult Macaca fascicularis. Urinary free cortisol, a physiological measure of psychological well‐being that can be collected unobtrusively, provided a measure of the animals' general adrenocortical response to various conditions over a time course of hours…
Growth of nursery‐raised Macaca nemestrina infants: Effects of feeding schedules, sex, and birth weight
Ponderal growth, caloric intake, growth velocity, and growth efficiency were studied from birth through 90 days in 523 nursery‐raised pigtailed macaque infants. The male and female subjects ranged in birth weight from the 1st through 100th centiles of the colony distribution and were all judged to be clinically healthy. One group of infants was fed on an ad lib schedule, with formula continuously available from dispensers which were replenished e…
Rearing infant monkeys ( Macaca nemestrina ) in pairs produces deficient social development compared with rearing in single cages
Many scientists and colony managers assume that social housing is a beneficial living condition for all captive primates. Several older studies of primate development question the generality of this assumption. We recently tested this assumption by comparing the social development of pigtailed macaque infants raised in pairs and those that were raised in individual cages. All animals received 30 min of daily socialization in a playroom. Infants p…
Effects of management methods, social organization, and physical space on primate behavior and health
The incidence of clinical treatment in a large colony of pigtailed macaques ( Macaca, nemestrina ) was studied retrospectively to assess the effectiveness of three sequential housing and management protocols. In the initial standard protocol, groups were housed in single rooms, with each room occupied by a different group after daily cleaning. In the experimental protocol, animals were housed in two‐room suites dedicated exclusively to the reside…
Sires influence fetal death in pigtailed macaques ( Macaca nemestrina )
Computerized colony records were used to identify dams and sires whose reproductive histories while breeding in harem groups indicated high or low risk for producing fetal deaths. The monkeys were then singly caged and bred within and between risk conditions during 24‐ to 72‐hour matings. Although the low‐ and high‐risk sires did not differ in ability to achieve conceptions, the results revealed that reproductive history predicted subsequent feta…
Measurement of excreted steroids in Macaca nemestrina
A practical method for the quantitative measurement of the estrogenic steroid estradiol‐17β in the feces of pigtailed macaques ( Macaca nemestrina ) is described. The method, which includes homogenization, filtration, ether extraction, and sephadex purification, produces an 85.3% recovery of 3H‐estradiol. Comparable recovery of 3H‐progesterone (64.1%) and 3H‐testoster‐one (67.9%) is also obtained. Estradiol, measured by radioimmunoassay methodolo…
Social stimuli as incentives for delayed response performance by infant pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina)
Development of pattern recognition in infant pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina)
Exploratory behavior of rhesus monkeys as a function of rearing experiences and sex
Social isolation rearing: Species differences in behavior of macaque monkeys
Social isolation rearing effects in monkeys vary with genotype
Developmental of sex preference in rhesus monkeys
Development of pattern recognition in infant pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina)
Blood groups of pig‐tailed macaques ( Macaca nemestrina )
The human‐type A‐B‐O blood groups of 57 pig‐tailed macaques ( Macaca nemestrina ) were determined and the calculated gene frequencies, O = 0.8908, A = 0.0825 and B = 0.0267, gave excellent fit with the hypothesis of inheritance by triple allelic genes. In tests for simian‐type blood groups with rhesus, baboon and crab‐eating macaque immune antisera, it was shown that the red cells of pig‐tailed macaques are polymorphic for several simian‐type spe…
Extinction deficits in socially isolated rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
Developmental of sex preference in rhesus monkeys
Exploratory behavior of rhesus monkeys as a function of rearing experiences and sex
Social isolation rearing: Species differences in behavior of macaque monkeys
Extinction deficits in socially isolated rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
Blood groups of pig‐tailed macaques ( Macaca nemestrina )
The human‐type A‐B‐O blood groups of 57 pig‐tailed macaques ( Macaca nemestrina ) were determined and the calculated gene frequencies, O = 0.8908, A = 0.0825 and B = 0.0267, gave excellent fit with the hypothesis of inheritance by triple allelic genes. In tests for simian‐type blood groups with rhesus, baboon and crab‐eating macaque immune antisera, it was shown that the red cells of pig‐tailed macaques are polymorphic for several simian‐type spe…
Ossification in the hand and foot of the pigtail macaque ( Macaca nemestrina ). II. Order of appearance of centers and variability in sequence
The order of appearance of the carpals, tarsals and secondary epiphyseal centers in the hand-wrist and foot-ankle regions of the fetal and infant pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) was reconstructed using a cross-sectional sample of 127 animals and a longitudinal one of 14 animals. Comparison of the most common sequence in the monkey with that described in the human studies showed major interspecific differences in the order of appearance of sev…
Social isolation rearing effects in monkeys vary with genotype
Perinatal hypothermia and maternal temperature declines during labor in pigtailed macaques ( Macaca nemestrina )
Body temperature, respiration, and heart rate were recorded for 90 perinatal pigtailed macaques ( Macaca nemestrina ) within the first hour after birth. Hypothermia and corresponding depressed respiration and heart rate were evident in all animals. Regression analysis revealed that time‐since‐birth accounted for most of the observed variance in all measures. Temperatures of three pregnant females were monitored during labor and delivery. Declines…
Parturition in Macaca nemestrina
Measures were taken on 187 pregnancies of 104 pig‐tailed macaques ( Macaca nemestrina ) to document the normative course of parturition and to identify factors correlated with high risk for poor pregnancy outcomes. Analyses involved weekly physical examinations and diurnal sleep‐wake‐fulness patterns during trimester three; behavior during labor and delivery; and newborn sex, Apgar ratings, birthweight, and reflexes. Onset of labor was estimated …
Maintenance of high‐density lipoprotein blood levels prior to spontaneous abortion in pig‐tailed macaques ( Macaca nemestrina )
Blood was drawn throughout the first half of the pregnancies of 24 pig‐tailed macaques ( Macaca nemestrina ) to evaluate longitudinal high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) changes. In all 15 normal pregnancies, HDL decreased at least 50%; the mean value for the group fell from 0.45 gm/liter to 0.17 gm/liter. HDL began to fall after about four weeks of pregnancy. However, no comparable HDL change occurred in nine pregnancies that terminated in spontaneou…
Development of pattern recognition in infant pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina)
Social stimuli as incentives for delayed response performance by infant pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina)
Measurement of excreted steroids in Macaca nemestrina
A practical method for the quantitative measurement of the estrogenic steroid estradiol‐17β in the feces of pigtailed macaques ( Macaca nemestrina ) is described. The method, which includes homogenization, filtration, ether extraction, and sephadex purification, produces an 85.3% recovery of 3H‐estradiol. Comparable recovery of 3H‐progesterone (64.1%) and 3H‐testoster‐one (67.9%) is also obtained. Estradiol, measured by radioimmunoassay methodolo…
Effects of management methods, social organization, and physical space on primate behavior and health
The incidence of clinical treatment in a large colony of pigtailed macaques ( Macaca, nemestrina ) was studied retrospectively to assess the effectiveness of three sequential housing and management protocols. In the initial standard protocol, groups were housed in single rooms, with each room occupied by a different group after daily cleaning. In the experimental protocol, animals were housed in two‐room suites dedicated exclusively to the reside…
Sires influence fetal death in pigtailed macaques ( Macaca nemestrina )
Computerized colony records were used to identify dams and sires whose reproductive histories while breeding in harem groups indicated high or low risk for producing fetal deaths. The monkeys were then singly caged and bred within and between risk conditions during 24‐ to 72‐hour matings. Although the low‐ and high‐risk sires did not differ in ability to achieve conceptions, the results revealed that reproductive history predicted subsequent feta…
Rearing infant monkeys ( Macaca nemestrina ) in pairs produces deficient social development compared with rearing in single cages
Many scientists and colony managers assume that social housing is a beneficial living condition for all captive primates. Several older studies of primate development question the generality of this assumption. We recently tested this assumption by comparing the social development of pigtailed macaque infants raised in pairs and those that were raised in individual cages. All animals received 30 min of daily socialization in a playroom. Infants p…
Growth of nursery‐raised Macaca nemestrina infants: Effects of feeding schedules, sex, and birth weight
Ponderal growth, caloric intake, growth velocity, and growth efficiency were studied from birth through 90 days in 523 nursery‐raised pigtailed macaque infants. The male and female subjects ranged in birth weight from the 1st through 100th centiles of the colony distribution and were all judged to be clinically healthy. One group of infants was fed on an ad lib schedule, with formula continuously available from dispensers which were replenished e…
Urinary cortisol responses of longtailed macaques to five cage sizes, tethering, sedation, and room change
Urinary free cortisol responses to five cage sizes, cage level, room change, tethering adaptation, chronic catheterization, and ketamine sedation were measured in 14 female and 14 male wild‐born adult Macaca fascicularis. Urinary free cortisol, a physiological measure of psychological well‐being that can be collected unobtrusively, provided a measure of the animals' general adrenocortical response to various conditions over a time course of hours…
Sex differences in compatibility of pair‐housed adult longtailed macaques
This research was designed to evaluate the effects of same‐sex pair housing on the psychological well‐being of adult wild‐born longtailed macaques ( Macaca fascicularis ). We studied behavioral compatibility and stress as measured by urinary cortisol excretion in 15 pairs of each sex. Before they were housed together, the pairs were categorized by noncontact pairedpreference testing as preferred, nonpreferred, or randomly assigned partners. Every…
Climbing test to measure gross motor development in monkeys
This report describes an apparatus, protocol, and coding procedure to quantify gross motor skills in infant Macaca nemestrina , and presents data obtained from this system. The apparatus consists of a 1.8‐m‐tall Plexiglas tube extending from the top of a standard stainless steel cage. Animals climb the tube to reach a food reward. Measures of climbing ability included time and number of contacts with the tube. Data were collected on 336 climbs to…
Ultrasound measurement of fetal growth in Macaca nemestrina
Longitudinal ultrasound data were collected for 18 structures in 37 pigtailed macaque ( Macaca nemestrina ) fetuses to 1) generate standards of normal fetal growth, 2) measure operator reliability, 3) assess the accuracy of linear and nonlinear regression models to estimate gestational age and dates of delivery, and 4) evaluate the portability of equations and absolute values derived from data at one facility (Seattle) to describe independently c…
Social development in nursery‐reared pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina)
Social development in nursery-reared pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina)
The social development of 240 nursery-reared pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) was studied from postnatal weeks 4 to 32. The objectives of the study were to document developmental trends and evaluate social behavior in laboratory-reared M. nemestrina raised at the University of Washington Infant Primate Laboratory, and to identify husbandry factors that might affect early social development. Only infants who had not undergone invasive postna…
Pair-rearing infant monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) using a “rotating-peer” strategy
Appropriate rearing conditions for captive primates are important for both research and breeding purposes. In an earlier study, pigtailed macaque infants that were pair-reared with a single continuous partner exhibited excessive social clinging and could not adapt to living in large social groups at 8-10 months of age. In the present study, eight macaques were pair-reared until they were 6 months old. Each member of an animal's four-monkey social…
Multiple-spell, discrete-time survival analysis of developmental data: Object concept in pigtailed macaques
To measure cognitive development in 123 pigtailed macaques, we calculated medians and quartiles for the milestones of classical (Piagetian) object concept development (plain reach, partial-hide, full-hide, and A-not-B) in both 2-dimensional (screen) and 3-dimensional (well) tasks. Using multiple-spell, discrete-time survival analysis, we examined the influence of 4 independent variables (starting age, sex, birth weight, and task) on the probabili…
Biology (28 works) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (24 works) · Psychology (20 works) · Developmental psychology (17 works) · Macaque (17 works) · Macaca nemestrina (16 works) · Medicine (14 works) · Animal Behavior and Reproduction (10 works) · Primate (10 works) · Demography (9 works)