N G Norgan
Biographic Data
| ID | 5078482 |
|---|---|
| NAME | N G Norgan |
| GIVEN NAMES | N G |
| FAMILY NAME | Norgan |
| SIGNATURE | NORGAN N G |
| AFFILIATIONS | Loughborough University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 16 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 29 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 16 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1974 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2006 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Obituary
Measurement and interpretation issues in laboratory and field studies of energy expenditure
The methods for measuring energy expenditure in the laboratory and the field are described and critically appraised and the criteria for reliable and valid measurements identified. Variation and adaptation in the energy costs of activities and the total daily energy expenditure are considered in the context of discriminating between what is variation and adaptation and what is honest error. This involves issues of comparative energetics and stand…
Measurement and interpretation issues in laboratory and field studies of energy expenditure
The methods for measuring energy expenditure in the laboratory and the field are described and critically appraised and the criteria for reliable and valid measurements identified. Variation and adaptation in the energy costs of activities and the total daily energy expenditure are considered in the context of discriminating between what is variation and adaptation and what is honest error. This involves issues of comparative energetics and stand…
Changes in patterns of growth and nutritional anthropometry in two rural modernizing Papua New Guinea communities
In Papua New Guinea growth is slow and adult body size is small. This is often considered an adaptation to the low energy and nutrient densities of the diets in which tubers and root crops predominate. Social and economic change have been a feature of Papua New Guinea, particularly in recent times. In 1969 the human biology of two contrasting communities, one coastal with a long interaction with external influences and cash cropping, the other a …
Relative sitting height and the interpretation of the body mass index
The body mass index (BMI) is being used widely as an index of overweight and undernutrition. The effects of variations of shape as evinced by relative sitting height (sitting height/stature, SH/S) on BMI were determined using mean data from 95 samples of men and 63 samples of women of non-European origin, representing 18,000 individuals. The linear regression coefficients of BMI on SH/S (b +/- standard error) were 0.78 +/- 0.16 (t = 4.8) in men a…
Interpretation of low body mass indices
Low body mass index (BMI kg/m 2 ) has been proposed as a practical measure of energy undernutrition although it has some well‐known limitations. Some reports have suggested that those Australian Aborigines living a largely traditional way of life have low BMI without compromised health status and may have paradoxically high levels of subcutaneous adipose tissue. The evidence for low BMI, in Australian Aborigines is reviewed from the mean data of …
Maternal body composition
The measurement of short-term changes in maternal body composition during the post-partum period under field conditions poses many problems: (1) body composition techniques depend on the constancy of the proportions of components or their physical properties and are less suitable for measuring changes; (2) many of the techniques require expensive, technically sophisticated apparatus that is inappropriate to field conditions in many countries; (3)…
Worldwide Variation in Human Growth
Fat patterning in Papua New Guineans
For the renewed interest in fat patterning to be fruitful, more information on the biology of fat patterning, particularly normative data are required. Nine skinfold thicknesses were measured in 2312 coastal and highland Papua New Guineans of all ages undergoing acculturation. Principal component analysis of the skinfold data revealed components of fatness and fat patterning. First component scores were typical of the changes in fatness with age …
Simple indices of subcutaneous fat patterning
Some patterns of subcutaneous fat deposition have been linked with disease, but this may be a result of common links with fatness. The relationships of indices of fat patterning to fatness were examined in 138 Italian men aged 23–56 years, and simple indices of fat patterning independent of fatness were sought. Indices of absolute fat pattern (28 ratios from 8 skinfolds) and relative fat pattern (28 indices using pairs of z‐scored skinfolds) were…
The distribution of subcutaneous and internal fat in man
Total body fat mass was estimated in 25 women and 21 men from densitometry. All subjects were apparently healthy. Subcutaneous fat mass was calculated by measuring subcutaneous fat thickness at 12 sites using A-mode ultrasound. The proportion of fat situated subcutaneously (PFSS) was found to vary considerably between individuals (range 0.50-0.97 in the women, 0.40-0.97 in the men). Moreover, there was no relationship between subcutaneous and int…
Ultrasonic measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness in man
Subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (SCATT) has for many years been measured using skinfold calipers, but calipers have several disadvantages, not least that they compress the skinfold. Measuring SCATT using ultrasound was validated by comparing thicknesses at 12 sites with soft‐tissue radiographs in 24 adults and with depth gauge measurements on a cadaver. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.87 to 0.99, and the regression statistics showed …
The estimation of body density in men
Regression equations for estimating body density and fatness from anthropometric measurements are usually specific to the populations from which they are derived, owing to methodological and biological factors. Some equations are, however, regarded as having general validity for subjects of different ages, levels of fatness and fitness. In this study, five such general equations were tested by comparing estimated body density (Dest) with measured…
The body composition of New Guinean adults in contrasting environments
Anthropometric and body density measurements were made on 105 coastal and 115 highland 17-48 year old New Guinean men and women. The two groups experienced different physical, biological and social environments, the highland group being less exposed to new influences. These New Guineans were short in stature (men 1.61 SD 0.05 m, women 1.52 SD 0.05 m), light in weight (men 57.4 SD 5.0 kg, women 49.4 SD 5.4 kg), lean (men 10 SD 4% fat, women 21 SD …
The nutritional status of some New Guinean children as assessed by anthropometric, biochemical and other indices
The nutritional status of 1180 0–14 year old New Guinean children in two contrasting areas where dietary intakes were often less than recommended levels, was assessed by various methods. Clinical examination revealed the presence of two or more signs of protein‐energy malnutrition in only six children. Vitamin deficiencies and obesity were absent. Weight deficits were common and 2nd plus 3rd degree “stunting” (<90 percent Harrard standard height)…
The energy and nutrient intake and the energy expenditure of 204 New Guinean adults
Two village populations, K aul in a coastal region and Lufa in a highland region, were studied each for 9-10 months. Measurements of food intake and total daily energy expenditure were made on individual subjects, 51 men and 69 women in Kaul and 43 men and 41 women in Lufa. Each individual was investigated during a period of 5-7 consecutive days. The way of life for all the people was moderately active - more so in the highlands - since they were…
Interpretation of low body mass indices
Low body mass index (BMI kg/m 2 ) has been proposed as a practical measure of energy undernutrition although it has some well‐known limitations. Some reports have suggested that those Australian Aborigines living a largely traditional way of life have low BMI without compromised health status and may have paradoxically high levels of subcutaneous adipose tissue. The evidence for low BMI, in Australian Aborigines is reviewed from the mean data of …
Fat patterning in Papua New Guineans
For the renewed interest in fat patterning to be fruitful, more information on the biology of fat patterning, particularly normative data are required. Nine skinfold thicknesses were measured in 2312 coastal and highland Papua New Guineans of all ages undergoing acculturation. Principal component analysis of the skinfold data revealed components of fatness and fat patterning. First component scores were typical of the changes in fatness with age …
Ultrasonic measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness in man
Subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (SCATT) has for many years been measured using skinfold calipers, but calipers have several disadvantages, not least that they compress the skinfold. Measuring SCATT using ultrasound was validated by comparing thicknesses at 12 sites with soft‐tissue radiographs in 24 adults and with depth gauge measurements on a cadaver. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.87 to 0.99, and the regression statistics showed …
Worldwide Variation in Human Growth
The energy and nutrient intake and the energy expenditure of 204 New Guinean adults
Two village populations, K aul in a coastal region and Lufa in a highland region, were studied each for 9-10 months. Measurements of food intake and total daily energy expenditure were made on individual subjects, 51 men and 69 women in Kaul and 43 men and 41 women in Lufa. Each individual was investigated during a period of 5-7 consecutive days. The way of life for all the people was moderately active - more so in the highlands - since they were…
The nutritional status of some New Guinean children as assessed by anthropometric, biochemical and other indices
The nutritional status of 1180 0–14 year old New Guinean children in two contrasting areas where dietary intakes were often less than recommended levels, was assessed by various methods. Clinical examination revealed the presence of two or more signs of protein‐energy malnutrition in only six children. Vitamin deficiencies and obesity were absent. Weight deficits were common and 2nd plus 3rd degree “stunting” (<90 percent Harrard standard height)…
The body composition of New Guinean adults in contrasting environments
Anthropometric and body density measurements were made on 105 coastal and 115 highland 17-48 year old New Guinean men and women. The two groups experienced different physical, biological and social environments, the highland group being less exposed to new influences. These New Guineans were short in stature (men 1.61 SD 0.05 m, women 1.52 SD 0.05 m), light in weight (men 57.4 SD 5.0 kg, women 49.4 SD 5.4 kg), lean (men 10 SD 4% fat, women 21 SD …
The estimation of body density in men
Regression equations for estimating body density and fatness from anthropometric measurements are usually specific to the populations from which they are derived, owing to methodological and biological factors. Some equations are, however, regarded as having general validity for subjects of different ages, levels of fatness and fitness. In this study, five such general equations were tested by comparing estimated body density (Dest) with measured…
Simple indices of subcutaneous fat patterning
Some patterns of subcutaneous fat deposition have been linked with disease, but this may be a result of common links with fatness. The relationships of indices of fat patterning to fatness were examined in 138 Italian men aged 23–56 years, and simple indices of fat patterning independent of fatness were sought. Indices of absolute fat pattern (28 ratios from 8 skinfolds) and relative fat pattern (28 indices using pairs of z‐scored skinfolds) were…
The distribution of subcutaneous and internal fat in man
Total body fat mass was estimated in 25 women and 21 men from densitometry. All subjects were apparently healthy. Subcutaneous fat mass was calculated by measuring subcutaneous fat thickness at 12 sites using A-mode ultrasound. The proportion of fat situated subcutaneously (PFSS) was found to vary considerably between individuals (range 0.50-0.97 in the women, 0.40-0.97 in the men). Moreover, there was no relationship between subcutaneous and int…
Ultrasonic measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness in man
Subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (SCATT) has for many years been measured using skinfold calipers, but calipers have several disadvantages, not least that they compress the skinfold. Measuring SCATT using ultrasound was validated by comparing thicknesses at 12 sites with soft‐tissue radiographs in 24 adults and with depth gauge measurements on a cadaver. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.87 to 0.99, and the regression statistics showed …
Fat patterning in Papua New Guineans
For the renewed interest in fat patterning to be fruitful, more information on the biology of fat patterning, particularly normative data are required. Nine skinfold thicknesses were measured in 2312 coastal and highland Papua New Guineans of all ages undergoing acculturation. Principal component analysis of the skinfold data revealed components of fatness and fat patterning. First component scores were typical of the changes in fatness with age …
Maternal body composition
The measurement of short-term changes in maternal body composition during the post-partum period under field conditions poses many problems: (1) body composition techniques depend on the constancy of the proportions of components or their physical properties and are less suitable for measuring changes; (2) many of the techniques require expensive, technically sophisticated apparatus that is inappropriate to field conditions in many countries; (3)…
Worldwide Variation in Human Growth
Relative sitting height and the interpretation of the body mass index
The body mass index (BMI) is being used widely as an index of overweight and undernutrition. The effects of variations of shape as evinced by relative sitting height (sitting height/stature, SH/S) on BMI were determined using mean data from 95 samples of men and 63 samples of women of non-European origin, representing 18,000 individuals. The linear regression coefficients of BMI on SH/S (b +/- standard error) were 0.78 +/- 0.16 (t = 4.8) in men a…
Interpretation of low body mass indices
Low body mass index (BMI kg/m 2 ) has been proposed as a practical measure of energy undernutrition although it has some well‐known limitations. Some reports have suggested that those Australian Aborigines living a largely traditional way of life have low BMI without compromised health status and may have paradoxically high levels of subcutaneous adipose tissue. The evidence for low BMI, in Australian Aborigines is reviewed from the mean data of …
Changes in patterns of growth and nutritional anthropometry in two rural modernizing Papua New Guinea communities
In Papua New Guinea growth is slow and adult body size is small. This is often considered an adaptation to the low energy and nutrient densities of the diets in which tubers and root crops predominate. Social and economic change have been a feature of Papua New Guinea, particularly in recent times. In 1969 the human biology of two contrasting communities, one coastal with a long interaction with external influences and cash cropping, the other a …
Measurement and interpretation issues in laboratory and field studies of energy expenditure
The methods for measuring energy expenditure in the laboratory and the field are described and critically appraised and the criteria for reliable and valid measurements identified. Variation and adaptation in the energy costs of activities and the total daily energy expenditure are considered in the context of discriminating between what is variation and adaptation and what is honest error. This involves issues of comparative energetics and stand…
Measurement and interpretation issues in laboratory and field studies of energy expenditure
The methods for measuring energy expenditure in the laboratory and the field are described and critically appraised and the criteria for reliable and valid measurements identified. Variation and adaptation in the energy costs of activities and the total daily energy expenditure are considered in the context of discriminating between what is variation and adaptation and what is honest error. This involves issues of comparative energetics and stand…
Obituary
Body Composition Measurement Techniques (11 works) · Medicine (10 works) · Internal Medicine (7 works) · Anthropometry (6 works) · Biology (6 works) · Demography (6 works) · Body mass index (5 works) · Body weight (5 works) · Mathematics (5 works) · Nutrition and Health in Aging (5 works)