Nyovani Madise
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 5103115 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Nyovani Madise |
| PRENOMES | Nyovani |
| SOBRENOME | Madise |
| ASSINATURA | MADISE N |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Southampton |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2813-5295 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 53 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 201 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 51 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1995 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Navigating the winds of change
In an era of increased complexity, interdependence, uncertainty and rapidly advancing technology, the ability to identify and swiftly adapt to current and future trends is key to progressing sustainability. Intersecting drivers and stressors are converging to destabilize socioecological systems and reshape national, regional and global outlooks. The intersecting and converging crises of the 21st century have exposed the limits of planning that re…
Adolescent abortion care trajectories and safety in Ethiopia, Malawi, and Zambia
Lack of access to safe abortions continues to be a major sexual and reproductive health concern. Adolescents can face barriers to safe abortions due to the unique implications of their age. Understanding adolescent abortion experiences and care trajectories is critical. Qualitative and quantitative evidence is analysed from interviews with 313 adolescents aged 10–19 years who sought abortion-related care in public health facilities in Addis Ababa…
Contraception to women’s economic empowerment
The pathway linking contraceptive access and use to women's economic empowerment is explored in this narrative review. Contraception can have a direct effect on women's economic empowerment through supporting bodily autonomy, but the main way in which the pathway links is through fertility. Contraception impacts the timing, spacing, and number of births, and these elements of fertility each impact the process of women's economic empowerment. Thes…
Unravelling factors influencing demand for modern contraception and evaluating coverage progress since 2015 in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Nigeria
The study unveils demographic, geographic, and socioeconomic mDFPS disparities, signalling progress and stagnation across administrative areas. The findings offer policymakers and governments insights into targeting interventions for enhanced mDFPS coverage. Context-specific strategies can address local needs, aiding SDG attainment
The Migration Intersections Grid
For this special issue of the International Migration Review, we develop and provide a comprehensive organizing framework, the Migration Intersections Grid (MIG), to inform and guide migration research in and through the remainder of the twenty-first century. We motivate our work by conducting a high-level scoping review of summaries and syntheses of different directions of travel in migration research over time. Informed by these results, we the…
Achieving Maternal and Neonatal Mortality Development Goals Effectively
Each year, 295,000 women die during and just after pregnancy, and 2.4 million babies die in the first month of their lives. In 2019, 2,160,000 neonatal deaths and 275,000 maternal deaths occurred in low-income and lower-middle-income countries alone, translating to a welfare loss equivalent to $426 billion and $36 billion for neonatal and maternal deaths, respectively. The total loss was $462 billion or almost 6 % of these countries’ combined GDP…
Effectiveness of the baby‐friendly community initiative on exclusive breastfeeding in Kenya
The baby-friendly hospital initiative (BFHI) promotes exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in hospitals, but this is not accessible in rural settings where mothers give birth at home, hence the need for a community intervention. We tested the effectiveness of the baby-friendly community initiative (BFCI) on EBF in rural Kenya. This cluster randomized study was conducted in 13 community units in Koibatek sub-county. Pregnant women aged 15-49 years were r…
Trends in adolescent first births in sub-Saharan Africa
Findings from this study show that adolescent births are concentrated among vulnerable groups where progress is often poorest. Strategies and programmes need to be developed to reduce adolescent pregnancies in marginalised young women in low- and middle-income countries
The UCL–Lancet Commission on Migration and Health
Effectiveness of home-based nutritional counselling and support on exclusive breastfeeding in urban poor settings in Nairobi
BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) improves infant health and survival. We tested the effectiveness of a home-based intervention using Community Health Workers (CHWs) on EBF for six months in urban poor settings in Kenya. METHODS: We conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial in Korogocho and Viwandani slums in Nairobi. We recruited pregnant women and followed them until the infant's first birthday. Fourteen community clusters were ra…
How does poverty affect children’s nutritional status in Nairobi slums? A qualitative study of the root causes of undernutrition
Objective Children in slums are at high risk of undernutrition, which has long-term negative consequences on their physical growth and cognitive development. Severe undernutrition can lead to the child’s death. The present paper aimed to understand the causes of undernutrition in children as perceived by various groups of community members in Nairobi slums, Kenya. Design Analysis of ten focus group discussions and ten individual interviews with k…
Interventions to tackle malnutrition and its risk factors in children living in slums
CONTEXT: Children living in slums are at high risk of being malnourished. There are no published reviews on existing interventions promoting better nutrition for children living in slums and the risk factors for children's malnutrition. Improved understanding of the risk factors for malnutrition in slums communities and the impact of interventions on children's health can provide guidance to practitioners and decision-makers. The present review i…
Community Socioeconomic Context and Its Influence on Intermediary Determinants of Child Health
Intermediary determinants are the most immediate mechanisms through which socioeconomic position shapes health inequities. This study examines the effect of community socioeconomic context on different indicators representing intermediary determinants of child health. In the context of Colombia, a developing country with a clear economic expansion, but one of the most unequal countries in the world, two categories of intermediary determinants, na…
Trends and protective factors of female genital mutilation in Burkina Faso
Although the prevalence of FGM has declined in Burkina Faso, the levels are still high. In order to tackle the practice of FGM in Burkina Faso, the government of Burkina Faso and its development partners need to encourage girls' participation in education and target its sensitization campaigns against FGM towards Muslim women, women residing in rural areas and women of Mossi ethnic background
Does living in a community with more educated mothers enhance children's school attendance? Evidence from Sierra Leone
In Sierra Leone girls are 23.4% less likely to attend secondary education than boys. This difference between sexes increases the gender gap in educational attainment since women's education is positively associated with children's educational wellbeing. This paper investigates the relationship between children's school attendance, their mothers’ level of education, as well as the overall level of women's education at the community level in Sierra…
Perceptions of development by residents of a rural community in Kenya
Using qualitative data collected from residents of Makueni County of Eastern Kenya, this paper attempts to involve Makueni community members in the conceptualization of development in their context and outlining possible strategies to address the identified development issues. The study finds a community keen on participating in development and who are able to rank their development needs and priorities, emphasizing the importance of water in dri…
Factors affecting actualisation of the WHO breastfeeding recommendations in urban poor settings in K enya
Poor breastfeeding practices are widely documented in Kenya, where only a third of children are exclusively breastfed for 6 months and only 2% in urban poor settings. This study aimed to better understand the factors that contribute to poor breastfeeding practices in two urban slums in Nairobi, Kenya. In-depth interviews (IDIs), focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted with women of childbearing age, commu…
Seasonal variation of child under nutrition in Malawi
In Malawi child nutritional status varies across seasons and follows a seasonal pattern of childhood illness but not that of household food availability
Trends in childhood mortality in Kenya
The narrowing gap between urban and rural areas may be attributed to the deplorable living conditions in urban slums. To reduce childhood mortality, extra emphasis is needed on the urban slums
How important are community characteristics in influencing children׳s nutritional status? Evidence from Malawi population-based household and community surveys
Using the 2004 data from the Malawi Integrated Household Survey and the Malawi Community Survey, this study investigates the influence of community characteristics on stunting among children under five years of age in a rural context. Multilevel logistic regression modelling on 4284 children with stunting as the dependent variable shows that availability of daily markets and lineage defined in terms of patrilineal or matrilineal communities were …
Measuring Coverage in MNCH
To monitor progress towards the Millennium Development Goals, it is essential to monitor the coverage of health interventions in subgroups of the population, because national averages can hide important inequalities. In this review, we provide a practical guide to measuring and interpreting inequalities based on surveys carried out in low- and middle-income countries, with a focus on the health of mothers and children. Relevant stratification var…
Measuring Coverage in MNCH
Household surveys are the primary data source of coverage indicators for children and women for most developing countries. Most of this information is generated by two global household survey programmes-the USAID-supported Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and the UNICEF-supported Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). In this review, we provide an overview of these two programmes, which cover a wide range of child and maternal health topi…
Examining intersectoral integration for malaria control programmes in an urban and a rural district in Ghana
Although not causal, integrated malaria control programmes could be important for improving malaria-related health outcomes in less developed regions as evident from the rapid decline in malaria fatality rates observed in the Ahafo Ano South district. Harmonisation of programmes should be encouraged amongst institutions and the public and private sectors should be motivated to work in partnership
Unwanted sexual experiences among young men in four sub-Saharan African countries
Unwanted sexual experiences are most frequently examined from the woman's perspective, yet these experiences happen to men as well. Part of the reason for the paucity of studies on coerced sexual experiences among men is the difficulty in gathering information about such experiences. This study examines the prevalence of unwanted sexual experiences at sexual debut as well as ever among young men aged 12-19 years old in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi…
Are slum dwellers at heightened risk of HIV infection than other urban residents? Evidence from population-based HIV prevalence surveys in Kenya
In 2008, the global urban population surpassed the rural population and by 2050 more than 6 billion will be living in urban centres. A growing body of research has reported on poor health outcomes among the urban poor but not much is known about HIV prevalence among this group. A survey of nearly 3000 men and women was conducted in two Nairobi slums in Kenya between 2006 and 2007, where respondents were tested for HIV status. In addition, data fr…
Frequency and timing of antenatal care in Kenya
Is There an Urban Advantage in Child Survival in Sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence From 18 Countries in the 1990s
Evidence of higher child mortality of rural-to-urban migrants compared with urban nonmigrants is growing. However, less attention has been paid to comparing the situation of the same families before and after they migrate with the situation of urban-to-rural migrants. We use DHS data from 18 African countries to compare child mortality rates of six groups based on their mothers’ migration status: rural nonmigrants; urban nonmigrants; rural-to-urb…
Contextual Influences on the Use of Health Facilities for Childbirth in Africa
Objectives. Previous studies of maternal health-seeking behavior focused on individual- and household-level factors. We examined community-level influences on the decision to deliver a child in a health facility across 6 African countries. Methods. Demographic and Health Survey data were linked with contextual data, and multilevel models were fitted to identify the determinants of childbirth in a health facility in the 6 countries. Results. We fo…
Contextual Influences on Modern Contraceptive Use in Sub-Saharan Africa
Objectives. We examined the role of community-level factors in explaining geographic variations in modern contraceptive use in 6 African countries. Methods. We analyzed Demographic and Health Survey and contextual data sources with multilevel modeling techniques to identify factors contributing to geographic variations in women’s use of modern contraceptives. Results. We found significant associations between several community-level factors and r…
Overview of migration, poverty and health dynamics in Nairobi City's slum settlements
The Urbanization, Poverty, and Health Dynamics research program was designed to generate and provide the evidence base that would help governments, development partners, and other stakeholders understand how the urban slum context affects health outcomes in order to stimulate policy and action for uplifting the wellbeing of slum residents. The program was nested into the Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System, a uniquely rich lo…
Are slum dwellers at heightened risk of HIV infection than other urban residents? Evidence from population-based HIV prevalence surveys in Kenya
In 2008, the global urban population surpassed the rural population and by 2050 more than 6 billion will be living in urban centres. A growing body of research has reported on poor health outcomes among the urban poor but not much is known about HIV prevalence among this group. A survey of nearly 3000 men and women was conducted in two Nairobi slums in Kenya between 2006 and 2007, where respondents were tested for HIV status. In addition, data fr…
Trends in childhood mortality in Kenya
The narrowing gap between urban and rural areas may be attributed to the deplorable living conditions in urban slums. To reduce childhood mortality, extra emphasis is needed on the urban slums
Child growth in urban deprived settings
This paper uses longitudinal data from two informal settlements of Nairobi, Kenya to examine patterns of child growth and how these are affected by four different dimensions of poverty at the household level namely, expenditures poverty, assets poverty, food poverty, and subjective poverty. The descriptive results show a grim picture, with the prevalence of overall stunting reaching nearly 60% in the age group 15-17 months and remaining almost co…
A tale of two continents
An investigation of district spatial variations of childhood diarrhoea and fever morbidity in Malawi
Food Security and Nutritional Outcomes among Urban Poor Orphans in Nairobi, Kenya
The study examines the relationship between orphanhood status and nutritional status and food security among children living in the rapidly growing and uniquely vulnerable slum settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. The study was conducted between January and June 2007 among children aged 6-14 years, living in informal settlements of Nairobi, Kenya. Anthropometric measurements were taken using standard procedures and z scores generated using the NCHS/WHO…
Menstrual Pattern, Sexual Behaviors, and Contraceptive Use among Postpartum Women in Nairobi Urban Slums
Postpartum months provide a challenging period for poor women. This study examined patterns of menstrual resumption, sexual behaviors and contraceptive use among urban poor postpartum women. Women were eligible for this study if they had a birth after the period September 2006 and were residents of two Nairobi slums of Korogocho and Viwandani. The two communities are under continuous demographic surveillance. A monthly calendar type questionnaire…
Heterogeneity of child nutritional status between households
Using cross-sectional data from Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, a multilevel analysis was performed to determine the extent of correlation of nutritional status between children in the same family and geographical area. Weight-for-age z-scores were used as a measure of nutritional status for children up to three years of age. The percentage of children who were under-weight ranged from 16 in Zimbabwe up to 36 in Nigeria. T…
The Migration Intersections Grid
For this special issue of the International Migration Review, we develop and provide a comprehensive organizing framework, the Migration Intersections Grid (MIG), to inform and guide migration research in and through the remainder of the twenty-first century. We motivate our work by conducting a high-level scoping review of summaries and syntheses of different directions of travel in migration research over time. Informed by these results, we the…
Does living in a community with more educated mothers enhance children's school attendance? Evidence from Sierra Leone
In Sierra Leone girls are 23.4% less likely to attend secondary education than boys. This difference between sexes increases the gender gap in educational attainment since women's education is positively associated with children's educational wellbeing. This paper investigates the relationship between children's school attendance, their mothers’ level of education, as well as the overall level of women's education at the community level in Sierra…
How important are community characteristics in influencing children׳s nutritional status? Evidence from Malawi population-based household and community surveys
Using the 2004 data from the Malawi Integrated Household Survey and the Malawi Community Survey, this study investigates the influence of community characteristics on stunting among children under five years of age in a rural context. Multilevel logistic regression modelling on 4284 children with stunting as the dependent variable shows that availability of daily markets and lineage defined in terms of patrilineal or matrilineal communities were …
Achieving Maternal and Neonatal Mortality Development Goals Effectively
Each year, 295,000 women die during and just after pregnancy, and 2.4 million babies die in the first month of their lives. In 2019, 2,160,000 neonatal deaths and 275,000 maternal deaths occurred in low-income and lower-middle-income countries alone, translating to a welfare loss equivalent to $426 billion and $36 billion for neonatal and maternal deaths, respectively. The total loss was $462 billion or almost 6 % of these countries’ combined GDP…
Estimating unmet need for contraception by district within Ghana
The importance of meeting the unmet need for contraception is nowhere more urgent than in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, where the fertility decline is stalling and total unmet need exceeds 30 per cent among married women. In Ghana, where fertility levels vary considerably, demographic information at sub-national level is essential for building effective family planning programmes. We used small-area estimation techniques, linking data from…
Infant mortality in Zambia
Trends in infant mortality in Zambia suggest a reversal of the decline experienced between the 1960s and the late 1970s. From a high of about 140, infant mortality rate declined to about 90 in the late 1970s only to rise again to 100 by 1996. Data on 5,600 births born between 1987 and 1992, and 6,630 births between 1991 and 1996 from the Zambian DHS are analyzed to identify socioeconomic and demographic correlates of infant mortality. Demographic…
Determinants of Infant Mortality in Malawi
The 1988 Malawi Traditional and Modern Methods of Child Spacing Survey data are used to identify determinants of infant mortality in Malawi. The logistic binomial analysis shows that socioeconomic factors are significant even during the neonatal period while the length of the preceding birth interval is significant in the post-neonatal period only. There is a strong familial correlation of mortality risks during both the neonatal and post-neonata…
Heterogeneity of child nutritional status between households
Using cross-sectional data from Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, a multilevel analysis was performed to determine the extent of correlation of nutritional status between children in the same family and geographical area. Weight-for-age z-scores were used as a measure of nutritional status for children up to three years of age. The percentage of children who were under-weight ranged from 16 in Zimbabwe up to 36 in Nigeria. T…
Frequency and timing of antenatal care in Kenya
Factors Associated With Unfavourable Birth Outcomes in Kenya
Studies addressing factors associated with adverse birth outcomes have almost exclusively been based on hospital statistics. This is a serious limitation in developing countries where the majority of births do not occur within health facilities. This paper examines factors associated with premature deliveries, small baby’s size at birth and Caesarean section deliveries in Kenya based on the 1993 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey data. Due to th…
Analysis of Factors Associated With Maternal Mortality in Kenyan Hospitals
This paper examines the association of the sociodemographic characteristics of women and the unobserved hospital factors with maternal mortality in Kenya using multilevel logistic regression. The data analysed comprise hospital records for 58,151 obstetric admissions in sixteen public hospitals, consisting of 182 maternal deaths. The results show that the probability of maternal mortality depends on both observed factors that are associated with …
Perception of Risk of Hiv/Aids and Sexual Behaviour in Kenya
The association between perception of risk of HIV infection and sexual behaviour remains poorly understood, although perception of risk is considered to be the first stage towards behavioural change from risk-taking to safer behaviour. Using data from the 1998 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey, logistic regression models were fitted to examine the direction and the strength of the association between perceived risk of HIV/AIDS and risky sexual …
A tale of two continents
Infant mortality in Zambia
Trends in infant mortality in Zambia suggest a reversal of the decline experienced between the 1960s and the late 1970s. From a high of about 140, infant mortality rate declined to about 90 in the late 1970s only to rise again to 100 by 1996. Data on 5,600 births born between 1987 and 1992, and 6,630 births between 1991 and 1996 from the Zambian DHS are analyzed to identify socioeconomic and demographic correlates of infant mortality. Demographic…
Pathways of the Determinants of Unfavourable Birth Outcomes in Kenya
This paper explores the pathways of the determinants of unfavourable birth outcomes, such as premature birth, the size of the baby at birth, and Caesarean section deliveries, in Kenya using graphical log-linear chain models. The results show that a number of factors that do not have direct associations with unfavourable birth outcomes contribute to these outcomes indirectly through intermediate factors. Marital status, the desirability of a pregn…
An investigation of district spatial variations of childhood diarrhoea and fever morbidity in Malawi
Contextual Influences on the Use of Health Facilities for Childbirth in Africa
Objectives. Previous studies of maternal health-seeking behavior focused on individual- and household-level factors. We examined community-level influences on the decision to deliver a child in a health facility across 6 African countries. Methods. Demographic and Health Survey data were linked with contextual data, and multilevel models were fitted to identify the determinants of childbirth in a health facility in the 6 countries. Results. We fo…
The social and economic impact of parental HIV on children in northern Malawi
From population-based surveys in the 1980s in Karonga district, northern Malawi, 197 'index individuals' were identified as HIV-positive. 396 HIV-negative 'index individuals' were selected as a comparison group. These individuals, and their spouses and children, were followed up in 1998-2000. 582 of 593 index individuals were traced. 487 children of HIV-positive, and 1493 children of HIV-negative, parents were included in analyses. Rates of pater…
Progress towards the child mortality millennium development goal in urban sub-Saharan Africa
Failing to appropriately target the growing sub-group of the urban poor and improve their living conditions and health status - which is an MDG target itself - may result in lack of improvement on national indicators of health. Sustained expansion of potable water supplies and vaccination coverage among the disadvantaged urban dwellers should be given priority in the efforts to achieve the child mortality MDG in SSA
Contextual Influences on Modern Contraceptive Use in Sub-Saharan Africa
Objectives. We examined the role of community-level factors in explaining geographic variations in modern contraceptive use in 6 African countries. Methods. We analyzed Demographic and Health Survey and contextual data sources with multilevel modeling techniques to identify factors contributing to geographic variations in women’s use of modern contraceptives. Results. We found significant associations between several community-level factors and r…
What does Access to Maternal Care Mean Among the Urban Poor? Factors Associated with Use of Appropriate Maternal Health Services in the Slum Settlements of Nairobi, Kenya
Examining the Geographical Heterogeneity Associated With Risk of Mistimed and Unwanted Pregnancy in Ghana
After a decade of fertility decline, Ghana’s fertility and the level of unmet need for contraception stalled in mid-transition in the late 1990s. Although the literature acknowledges this, the geographical patterns in unmet need have not been adequately documented. Spatial analysis of unmet need can reveal differences in usage and provision of contraceptive commodities, thereby pointing to geographical areas where contraceptive programmes should …
If you start thinking positively, you won't miss sex’
Drawing on qualitative data, this paper examines narratives of sexual activity (or the lack thereof) among people living with HIV in two urban poor contexts in Kenya and the ways in which these narratives intersect with the discourse of a ubiquitous HIV-prevention strategy - the 'ABC' (Abstinence, Be Faithful, Condom Use) approach. The exploration of these narratives gives insight into the ways that the notions and meanings around sexual activity…
Examining the “Urban Advantage” in Maternal Health Care in Developing Countries
The Policy Forum allows health policy makers around the world to discuss challenges
Food Security and Nutritional Outcomes among Urban Poor Orphans in Nairobi, Kenya
The study examines the relationship between orphanhood status and nutritional status and food security among children living in the rapidly growing and uniquely vulnerable slum settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. The study was conducted between January and June 2007 among children aged 6-14 years, living in informal settlements of Nairobi, Kenya. Anthropometric measurements were taken using standard procedures and z scores generated using the NCHS/WHO…
Menstrual Pattern, Sexual Behaviors, and Contraceptive Use among Postpartum Women in Nairobi Urban Slums
Postpartum months provide a challenging period for poor women. This study examined patterns of menstrual resumption, sexual behaviors and contraceptive use among urban poor postpartum women. Women were eligible for this study if they had a birth after the period September 2006 and were residents of two Nairobi slums of Korogocho and Viwandani. The two communities are under continuous demographic surveillance. A monthly calendar type questionnaire…
Gender differentials on the health consequences of care-giving to people with Aids-related illness among older informal carers in two slums in Nairobi, Kenya
Informal caregivers, most often older people, provide valuable care and support for people ill due to AIDS, especially in poor-resource settings with inadequate health care systems and limited access to antiretroviral therapy. The negative health consequences associated with care-giving may vary depending on various factors that act to mediate the extent of the effects on the caregiver. This paper investigates the association between care-giving …
Determinants for HIV testing and counselling in Nairobi urban informal settlements
Although the proportion of individuals ever tested in the informal settlements is similar to the national average, it remains low compared to that of Nairobi province especially among men. Key determinants of HIV testing and counselling include; gender, age, education level, HIV status and marital status. These factors need to be considered in efforts aimed at increasing participation in HIV testing
Patterns and determinants of breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices in urban informal settlements, Nairobi Kenya
The study indicates poor adherence to WHO recommendations for breastfeeding and infant feeding practices. Interventions and further research should pay attention to factors such as cultural practices, access to and utilization of health care facilities, child feeding education, and family planning
Child growth in urban deprived settings
This paper uses longitudinal data from two informal settlements of Nairobi, Kenya to examine patterns of child growth and how these are affected by four different dimensions of poverty at the household level namely, expenditures poverty, assets poverty, food poverty, and subjective poverty. The descriptive results show a grim picture, with the prevalence of overall stunting reaching nearly 60% in the age group 15-17 months and remaining almost co…
Overview of migration, poverty and health dynamics in Nairobi City's slum settlements
The Urbanization, Poverty, and Health Dynamics research program was designed to generate and provide the evidence base that would help governments, development partners, and other stakeholders understand how the urban slum context affects health outcomes in order to stimulate policy and action for uplifting the wellbeing of slum residents. The program was nested into the Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System, a uniquely rich lo…
Medicine (46 obras) · Environmental health (39 obras) · Demography (29 obras) · Population (29 obras) · Child Nutrition and Water Access (27 obras) · Global Maternal and Child Health (27 obras) · Geography (25 obras) · Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare (25 obras) · Economic growth (20 obras) · Sociology (18 obras)