John D Arras
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 5136209 |
|---|---|
| NOME | John D Arras |
| PRENOMES | John D |
| SOBRENOME | Arras |
| ASSINATURA | ARRAS J D |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Albert Einstein College of Medicine |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 16 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 0 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 16 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1978 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2015 |
| ÍNDICE H | 0 |
Must We Be Courageous
The notion of virtue in general, and courage in particular, has had a hard time integrating itself into the everyday lexicon of bioethics. Following the lead of enlightenment moral philosophy, which concentrates on the theory of right action as opposed to the ancient Greeks' emphasis on the development of good character, bioethics, with some notable exceptions, has tended to relegate consideration of the virtues to the sidelines of moral argument…
The Way We Reason Now
This article begins with some preliminary remarks about the general features and basic varieties of reflective equilibrium (RE) in moral reflection. It then considers a couple of preliminary doubts about this method. One of these doubts claims that the most plausible interpretation of RE is so comprehensive that it risks paralyzing our thinking, while the other claims that this same version of RE is insufficiently determinate in practical context…
A Reference in Research Ethics
Education in the ethics of research with human participants has now moved well beyond secluded seminars in graduate schools. For example, the National Institutes of Health now requires research ethics education for principal investigators and key personnel who receive extramural funding. Similarly, recipients of federal training grants in science must provide education in the responsible conduct of research for their trainees. Academic medical ce…
AZT Trials and Tribulations
With the successful completion of a placebo-controlled trial of zidovudine (AZT) in pregnant women in Thailand--a study designed to determine the safety and efficacy of a short course of AZT in the prevention of maternal-infant HIV transmission--the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have announced the suspension or modification of all similar trials involving placebos elsewhere in the world.[1] The CDC has claimed victory, asserting that…
Reproductive Responsibility and Long-Acting Contraceptives
Short of the criminal sanction, the state may attempt to foster\nconcern for reproductive responsibility in a wide variety of ways. Some of\nthese, such as providing women and men with information about various\nreproductive risks, strike us as being morally unproblematic. Noncoercive,\nnondiscriminatory incentives to stay in school and delay childbearing would,\nwe think, be an acceptable way to promote responsible parenting. Other\nmeasures cur…
Bringing the Hospital Home Ethical and Social Implications of High-Tech Home Care
As we have seen, many uses of high-tech home care are viewed by\nwilling individuals and families as unalloyed benefits, as cherished\nopportunities to be with loved ones at home rather than in a hospital, or to\nresume a normal life outside the home. In this section, we shall dwell on the\ndarker side, investigating the more problematic implications of high-tech home\ncare for patients and caregivers. Here we examine a set of ethical and social\…
In Memoriam—Nancy Rhoden
Noncompliance in Aids Research
Participants in AIDS research may justify noncompliance with\nprotocols by a "coercion defense." While this defense may not be\nphilosophically successful, a prudent social policy can enhance compliance by\nencouraging community participation and providing greater access to\nnonvalidated therapies
Common Law Morality
Arras reviews A.R. Jonsen and S. Toulmin's The Abuse of Casuistry: A History of Moral Reasoning (University of California Press; 1988). Jonsen and Toulmin, both of whom worked with the federal National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects, critique the role of ethical theory in practical deliberation and attack the belief that moral theories are "universal, mutually exclusive sources of...ethical truth." They argue that "all genuine et…
The Fragile Web of Responsibility
Arras maintains that the AIDS crisis confronts society with the need\nto re-examine the proper role and duties of physicians and of the medical\nprofession. He rejects as ethically unacceptable and practically unworkable\nduties to treat based either on a voluntary, contractual physician patient\nrelationship or on a social contract with the profession. Although a\nvirtue-based approach upholds an individualized duty to treat, it depends upon\nso…
Imperiled Newborns Raise Moral Doubts
Toward an Ethic of Ambiguity
The public debate on care of gravely impaired newborns is seen as\noverly preoccupied with procedural issues as opposed to more substantive,\nthough less clear-cut, moral considerations. In exploring whether there are\nmorally significant differences between normal and handicapped infants that\ncan justify differential treatment, the author analyzes the most compelling\nstandard, that of the "best interests" of the child. He sees limitations in\n…
The Right to Die on the Slippery Slope
Health Care Vouchers & the Rhetoric of Equity
A new medical conservatism has emerged from the health care politics of the last decade. In both style and content, this movement bears little resemblance to the old politics practiced for so many years by the American Medical Association (AMA). The spokesmen of that earlier era tended to be uniformly strident, uncompromising, and fiercely ideological in their defense of the status quo. By contrast, the proponents of the new conservatism are cons…
Medicine Men, Businessmen
Book reviewed in this article: Rockefeller Medicine Men: Medicine and Capitalism in America. By E. Richard Brown
Medical Ethics Anthologies
Sem obras proeminentes nesta página.
Medical Ethics Anthologies
Medicine Men, Businessmen
Book reviewed in this article: Rockefeller Medicine Men: Medicine and Capitalism in America. By E. Richard Brown
Health Care Vouchers & the Rhetoric of Equity
A new medical conservatism has emerged from the health care politics of the last decade. In both style and content, this movement bears little resemblance to the old politics practiced for so many years by the American Medical Association (AMA). The spokesmen of that earlier era tended to be uniformly strident, uncompromising, and fiercely ideological in their defense of the status quo. By contrast, the proponents of the new conservatism are cons…
The Right to Die on the Slippery Slope
Toward an Ethic of Ambiguity
The public debate on care of gravely impaired newborns is seen as\noverly preoccupied with procedural issues as opposed to more substantive,\nthough less clear-cut, moral considerations. In exploring whether there are\nmorally significant differences between normal and handicapped infants that\ncan justify differential treatment, the author analyzes the most compelling\nstandard, that of the "best interests" of the child. He sees limitations in\n…
Imperiled Newborns Raise Moral Doubts
The Fragile Web of Responsibility
Arras maintains that the AIDS crisis confronts society with the need\nto re-examine the proper role and duties of physicians and of the medical\nprofession. He rejects as ethically unacceptable and practically unworkable\nduties to treat based either on a voluntary, contractual physician patient\nrelationship or on a social contract with the profession. Although a\nvirtue-based approach upholds an individualized duty to treat, it depends upon\nso…
In Memoriam—Nancy Rhoden
Noncompliance in Aids Research
Participants in AIDS research may justify noncompliance with\nprotocols by a "coercion defense." While this defense may not be\nphilosophically successful, a prudent social policy can enhance compliance by\nencouraging community participation and providing greater access to\nnonvalidated therapies
Common Law Morality
Arras reviews A.R. Jonsen and S. Toulmin's The Abuse of Casuistry: A History of Moral Reasoning (University of California Press; 1988). Jonsen and Toulmin, both of whom worked with the federal National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects, critique the role of ethical theory in practical deliberation and attack the belief that moral theories are "universal, mutually exclusive sources of...ethical truth." They argue that "all genuine et…
Bringing the Hospital Home Ethical and Social Implications of High-Tech Home Care
As we have seen, many uses of high-tech home care are viewed by\nwilling individuals and families as unalloyed benefits, as cherished\nopportunities to be with loved ones at home rather than in a hospital, or to\nresume a normal life outside the home. In this section, we shall dwell on the\ndarker side, investigating the more problematic implications of high-tech home\ncare for patients and caregivers. Here we examine a set of ethical and social\…
Reproductive Responsibility and Long-Acting Contraceptives
Short of the criminal sanction, the state may attempt to foster\nconcern for reproductive responsibility in a wide variety of ways. Some of\nthese, such as providing women and men with information about various\nreproductive risks, strike us as being morally unproblematic. Noncoercive,\nnondiscriminatory incentives to stay in school and delay childbearing would,\nwe think, be an acceptable way to promote responsible parenting. Other\nmeasures cur…
AZT Trials and Tribulations
With the successful completion of a placebo-controlled trial of zidovudine (AZT) in pregnant women in Thailand--a study designed to determine the safety and efficacy of a short course of AZT in the prevention of maternal-infant HIV transmission--the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have announced the suspension or modification of all similar trials involving placebos elsewhere in the world.[1] The CDC has claimed victory, asserting that…
A Reference in Research Ethics
Education in the ethics of research with human participants has now moved well beyond secluded seminars in graduate schools. For example, the National Institutes of Health now requires research ethics education for principal investigators and key personnel who receive extramural funding. Similarly, recipients of federal training grants in science must provide education in the responsible conduct of research for their trainees. Academic medical ce…
The Way We Reason Now
This article begins with some preliminary remarks about the general features and basic varieties of reflective equilibrium (RE) in moral reflection. It then considers a couple of preliminary doubts about this method. One of these doubts claims that the most plausible interpretation of RE is so comprehensive that it risks paralyzing our thinking, while the other claims that this same version of RE is insufficiently determinate in practical context…
Must We Be Courageous
The notion of virtue in general, and courage in particular, has had a hard time integrating itself into the everyday lexicon of bioethics. Following the lead of enlightenment moral philosophy, which concentrates on the theory of right action as opposed to the ancient Greeks' emphasis on the development of good character, bioethics, with some notable exceptions, has tended to relegate consideration of the virtues to the sidelines of moral argument…
Psychology (10 obras) · Ethics in medical practice (7 obras) · Philosophy (7 obras) · Law (6 obras) · Political science (6 obras) · Medicine (5 obras) · Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare (4 obras) · Sociology (4 obras) · Engineering (3 obras) · Epistemology (3 obras)