Darshan Singh
Biographic Data
| ID | 5206060 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Darshan Singh |
| GIVEN NAMES | Darshan |
| FAMILY NAME | Singh |
| SIGNATURE | SINGH D |
| AFFILIATIONS | Universiti Sains Malaysia |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4432-2410 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 45 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 45 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1961 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
Association between kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) use and methamphetamine craving in males who used methamphetamine with and without heroin use history
Kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa ) as a Replacement for Alcohol Among a Sample of Malaysian Adults with a History of Alcohol Use Problems
BACKGROUND: ) is traditionally used for its medicinal value in Southeast Asia. While kratom is used as a substitute for narcotics, its utility remains unstudied among alcohol users. We determined the context and motives of kratom use in a sample who have used kratom to manage their alcohol use problem. METHOD: Sixteen respondents who claimed to have used kratom to self-treat their alcohol use problem were recruited for this qualitative study. All…
Aggression in a Cohort of Male Methamphetamine (Meth) Users With and Without Kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) Use History in Malaysia
Methamphetamine (METH) consumption is associated with aggression. Decoction derived from the kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) leaf has been used as a METH substitute in Southeast Asia. Given its perceived benefit, we investigated the relationship between kratom use and aggression in a treatment sample of METH users with and without kratom use history. Four hundred and three male METH users participated in this cross-sectional study. A semi-str…
A preliminary study on cocaine use in Malaysia
Cocaine seizures in Malaysia suggest that it is being used as a transit point to ship the drug to other destinations. Traces of cocaine found in a wastewater study are the only indirect evidence of its use within the country. This study is the first to present a comprehensive and detailed evidence of cocaine use in Malaysia, albeit based on a small sample of users. The context and motives for use, and the sources of supply are discussed. Sixteen …
A qualitative study of the use of kratom ( mitragyna speciosa ) by an in-treatment sample of male heroin and methamphetamine users
A network analysis of depression, anxiety, and their associations with kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa ) use among people who previously used methamphetamine
Kratom has been widely reported to alleviate depression and anxiety; however, its effects on depression and anxiety in people who use methamphetamine (METH) are rarely investigated. This study constructed network structures of kratom use, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms to gain a preliminary understanding of the possible psychopharmacological mechanisms by which kratom affects depression and anxiety. R package (Version 4.4.1) was used t…
The Use of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Leaf Among Rural Communities in Malaysia
The Health Impact of Long-Term Kratom ( Mitragyna Speciosa ) Use in Southern Thailand
BACKGROUND: or Kratom has been used in Thailand traditionally for its medicinal value. Despite case reports of kratom consumption causing adverse effects, research on its long-term health impact is limited. This study examines the long-term health impact of kratom use among people in Southern Thailand. METHODS: Three community-based surveys were conducted from 2011 to 2015. In the first and second surveys (2011 and 2012) a total of 1,118 male res…
Kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa ) use in a sample of drug-dependent adolescents in rehabilitation for drug use in Malaysia
While kratom was being used for its multifold perceived benefits, it also functions as a means to self-treat withdrawal from illicit drug use among drug-dependent adolescents
A Preliminary Inventory of Kratom (Mitragyna Speciosa) Products and Vendors on the Darknet and Cryptomarkets
In recent years, the online sale of kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa ), a Southeast Asian plant with both medicinal and psychoactive properties, has raised health concerns mainly due to the uncontrolled diffusion of adulterated kratom-related products. This exploratory study provides, for the first time, a snapshot of the availability of kratom products on the darknet which has been further validated by data searches on the surface web. A total of 231…
Deconstructing Differential Drug Coverage within a Malaysian Media Source
Many researchers have noted that media coverage of drugs can be sensationalized and/or have questionable accuracy. Additionally, it has been alleged that the media often treats all drugs as harmful and can fail to differentiate between different types of drugs. Within this context, the researchers sought to deconstruct how media coverage was similar and/or different according to drug type within a national media outlet in Malaysia. Our sample com…
Factors associated with intimate partner violence and barriers to reporting it, among female who use drugs in Malaysia
Females who use drugs (FWUDs) are vulnerable to intimate partner violence (IPV). This study was initiated to identify factors that evoke IPV, and identify barriers that preclude FWUDs from seeking help. Two-hundred FWUDs were recruited from a mandatory drug rehabilitation centre (CCRC) for this cross-sectional study. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. The majority in our sample was Malay…
Factors associated with quality of life (QOL) scores among methadone patients in Myanmar
The Drug Dependency Treatment and Research Unit (DDTRU) in Myanmar established opioid substitution with methadone in 2006. Reducing HIV transmission could be affected by eliminating the unsafe needle sharing among injecting drug uses and treatment with opioid substitution. The quality of life (QOL) among the clients retained in the methadone program is important for their personal development and is an indication of the treatment efficacy. This s…
Barriers to enrolling in voluntary treatment programs in Malaysia
Women with substance use disorders (SUDs) have been widely reported to face barriers in seeking treatment. We sought to identify barriers that prevented women who use methamphetamine (WWUM) from accessing the decade-old Voluntary Treatment Centers (VTCs) in Malaysia. A total of 153 WWUM who were undergoing rehabilitation for methamphetamine use at a compulsory drug detention center (CDDC) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Data were c…
Mandatory corporal punishment and its consequences on repeat drug offenders in Malaysia
The relationship between amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) use and violent crime in Penang, Malaysia
Amphetamine-type-stimulant (ATS) use in Malaysia has surged but the relationship between ATS use and crime remains poorly investigated. Our study sample consisted of 149 self-reported people who use ATS detained for armed, unarmed, and narcotic offences in a centre in Penang, Malaysia. All information was elicited through personal interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. A multinomial logistic regression used to determine the predictors …
Covid-19 Impact on Healthcare and Supportive Services for People Who Use Drugs (PWUDs) in Malaysia
Background: Restrictive orders and temporary programmatic or ad hoc changes within healthcare and other supportive systems that were implemented in response to the COVID-19 epidemic in Malaysia may have created hindrances to accessing healthcare and/or receiving other supportive services for people who use drugs (PWUDs). Design: A primarily qualitative study has been conducted to evaluate how service providers and recipients were adapting and cop…
Factors associated with drug use during pregnancy and breastfeeding among females who use drugs (FWUDs) in Malaysia
Females who use drugs (FWUDs) are at risk of continuing illicit substance use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. We investigated the prevalence rates and factors associated with these practices in a sample of 200 FWUDs recruited from a publicly-run drug rehabilitation center. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The majority (86%) was Malay (n = 171/200), currently single (71%, n = 141/200), and 51% had nine years of edu…
Legal challenges in providing treatment for people who use drugs (PWUDs) in Malaysia
Combinations of indole based alkaloids from Mitragyna speciosa (Kratom) and cisplatin inhibit cell proliferation and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines
Treatment Barriers Associated with Amphetamine-Type Stimulant (ATS) Use in Malaysia
People who use amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) are known to face barriers in seeking treatment. We sought to identify these barriers and gender differences in barriers (if any) faced by them. A convenience sample of 386 respondents who use ATS was recruited from five formal drug rehabilitation centers for this cross-sectional study. The majority were male (83%), with 17% being female. The barriers most frequently cited by both men and women were…
Patterns and reasons for kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) use among current and former opioid poly-drug users
Current and Future Potential Impact of Covid-19 on Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) Supply and Use
Kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa Korth., Rubiaceae) is native to and has traditional use in Southeast Asia. The number of kratom users outside of Southeast Asia has increased significantly in recent decades with use spreading to the Unites States (US) and Europe. Because of its reputed opioid-like psychoactive effects at higher doses, kratom has been regulated in several countries and is subject to an import ban by the US Food and Drug Administration.…
Can Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Alleviate Covid-19 Pain? A Case Study
Among the symptoms of COVID-19 fever, general malaise, pain and aches, myalgia, fatigue, and headache can affect the quality of life of patients, even after the end of the acute phase of the infection and can be long lasting. The current treatment of these symptoms, also because COVID-19 patients have been asked not to use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), in particular ibuprofen are often unsatisfactory. Among the above mentioned s…
Effects of kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) in reducing risk-behaviors among a small sample of HIV positive opiate users in Malaysia
Out-of-treatment HIV positive opiate users often engage in risky injecting and sexual behaviors. We sought the self-reported experiences on whether or not kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) use was associated with a reduction in HIV risk behaviors among them. A convenience sample consisting of thirty-two HIV positive opiate users participated in the study. Of this, three-fifths (n = 20/32) used kratom to suppress opiate withdrawal, increase ener…
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The study of ABO blood groups of Sainis of Punjab
Aging Medicine is an open access journal for international collaboration in multiple research disciplines across the aging sciences. The American Journal of Biological Anthropology is a physical anthropology publication, accepting evolutionary articles in bioarcheology, human & primate biology, & more
India and The OIC
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World Trade Organisation – An Indian Perspective
Rise of Terrorism and Secessionism in Eurasia
Kashmir and Sindh
Many Lands Many People
Social Functioning of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Users in Malaysia
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is an indigenous plant known for its traditional medicinal use, and for its addiction potential, in Southeast Asia. In recent years, kratom and its major alkaloid, mitragynine, spread worldwide with largely unknown effects on behavior and mental health. Recent studies show that kratom use can lead to dependence and that mitragynine works as an addictive drug in animal studies. Nevertheless, kratom preparations were als…
Evaluating the hematological and clinical-chemistry parameters of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) users in Malaysia
Assessment of gonadotropins and testosterone hormone levels in regular Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) users
Severity of Pain and Sleep Problems during Kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) Cessation among Regular Kratom Users
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) is traditionally used in Southeast Asia for its medicinal value and psychoactive properties. Nonetheless, cessation from regular kratom use is reported to cause unpleasant dose-dependent withdrawal symptoms. This study aims to evaluate the severity of pain and sleep problems following the cessation of kratom tea/juice consumption among regular kratom users. A total of 170 regular users were recruited through sno…
Severity of Kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) Psychological Withdrawal Symptoms
Kratom leaves (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) are traditionally used in Southeast Asia for their medicinal value. Self-report studies suggest that cessation from chronic kratom tea consumption (freshly brewed kratom tea) was associated with unpleasant psychological symptoms. This study sought to assess the severity of anxiety and depression during kratom cessation. Regular kratom users (N = 150) were recruited from the northern state of Penang (Malay…
Long-Term Cognitive Effects of Kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) Use
Kratom or Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) is a medicinal plant of Southeast Asia. As a result of its opioid-like effects, it remains unknown whether consumption of kratom tea is associated with impaired cognitive function. We assessed the cognitive function of 70 regular kratom users and 25 control participants using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Participants performed six neuropsychological tasks that assessed motor, learn…
Kratom policy
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a tree-like plant indigenous to Southeast Asia. Its leaves, and the teas brewed from them have long been used by people in that region to stave off fatigue and to manage pain and opioid withdrawal. Evidence suggests kratom is being increasingly used by people in the United States and Europe for the self-management of opioid withdrawal and treatment of pain. Recent studies have confirmed that kratom and its chemical …
Motives for using Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) among regular users in Malaysia
Self-reported prevalence and severity of opioid and kratom (Mitragyna speciosa korth.) side effects
Self-Report Data on Regular Consumption of Illicit Drugs and HIV Risk Behaviors after Kratom ( Mitragyna Speciosa korth.) Initiation among Illicit Drug Users in Malaysia
This study sought to determine the relationship between kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa ) initiation and regular consumption of illicit drugs and HIV risk behaviors in a cohort of illicit drug users in Malaysia. 260 illicit drug users with current kratom use were recruited through convenience sampling for this cross-sectional study. All were male, with the majority being Malays (95%, n = 246/260). Results suggest that kratom initiation was associated…
The Use of Benzodiazepines among Kratom ( Mitragyna Speciosa Korth.) Users
The leaves from Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) trees, also known as kratom, are traditionally used in Southeast Asia as a mild psychotropic agent. We investigated the demographic characteristics of persons who used both kratom cocktail and benzodiazepines (BZO) in a sample drawn from a rural area in Penang, Malaysia, and the reasons for BZO use. Seventy-seven participants who currently use a kratom cocktail along with BZO were recruited through snow…
Patterns and reasons for kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) use among current and former opioid poly-drug users
Current and Future Potential Impact of Covid-19 on Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) Supply and Use
Kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa Korth., Rubiaceae) is native to and has traditional use in Southeast Asia. The number of kratom users outside of Southeast Asia has increased significantly in recent decades with use spreading to the Unites States (US) and Europe. Because of its reputed opioid-like psychoactive effects at higher doses, kratom has been regulated in several countries and is subject to an import ban by the US Food and Drug Administration.…
Can Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Alleviate Covid-19 Pain? A Case Study
Among the symptoms of COVID-19 fever, general malaise, pain and aches, myalgia, fatigue, and headache can affect the quality of life of patients, even after the end of the acute phase of the infection and can be long lasting. The current treatment of these symptoms, also because COVID-19 patients have been asked not to use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), in particular ibuprofen are often unsatisfactory. Among the above mentioned s…
Effects of kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) in reducing risk-behaviors among a small sample of HIV positive opiate users in Malaysia
Out-of-treatment HIV positive opiate users often engage in risky injecting and sexual behaviors. We sought the self-reported experiences on whether or not kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) use was associated with a reduction in HIV risk behaviors among them. A convenience sample consisting of thirty-two HIV positive opiate users participated in the study. Of this, three-fifths (n = 20/32) used kratom to suppress opiate withdrawal, increase ener…
Public Perceptions toward Kratom ( Mitragyna Speciosa ) Use in Malaysia
Kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa ), an indigenous medicinal plant of Southeast Asia, is believed to be harmful. We compared the perceptions toward kratom use among kratom users and non-users in Malaysia. 356 respondents (137 kratom users and 219 non-users) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. The majority of respondents were male (60%, n = 212/356), Malays (88%), and 51% were ≥37 years old. Non-users showed higher unadjusted odds of reportin…
The relationship between amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) use and violent crime in Penang, Malaysia
Amphetamine-type-stimulant (ATS) use in Malaysia has surged but the relationship between ATS use and crime remains poorly investigated. Our study sample consisted of 149 self-reported people who use ATS detained for armed, unarmed, and narcotic offences in a centre in Penang, Malaysia. All information was elicited through personal interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. A multinomial logistic regression used to determine the predictors …
Medicine (34 works) · Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology (27 works) · Traditional and Medicinal Uses of Annonaceae (25 works) · Traditional medicine (21 works) · Psychiatry (19 works) · Internal Medicine (12 works) · Psychology (10 works) · Environmental health (9 works) · HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk (9 works) · Pharmacology (8 works)