Kenneth G Gould
Biographic Data
| ID | 5206567 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Kenneth G Gould |
| GIVEN NAMES | Kenneth G |
| FAMILY NAME | Gould |
| SIGNATURE | GOULD K G |
| AFFILIATIONS | Emory University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 18 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 4 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 18 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1978 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1996 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Male dominance rank and offspring-initiated affiliative behaviors were not predictors of paternity in a captive group of pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina)
Functional parameters of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) sperm from ejaculates collected by rectal probe electrostimulation and by artificial vagina
This study compares functional parameters of sperm from ejaculates collected from 15 adult male chimpanzees using rectal probe electrostimulation (RPE) and from 10 adult male chimpanzees trained to use an artificial vagina (AV). Computer assisted motion analysis (CAMA) showed no significant differences in mean values for straight line velocity (VSL), linearity (LIN), curvilinear velocity (VCL), and lateral head movement (ALH) of sperm from ejacul…
Characteristics of chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) ejaculates collected by rectal probe electrostimulation and by artificial vagina
This study compares characteristics of ejaculates collected from 16 adult male chimpanzees using rectal probe electrostimulation (RPE) and from 10 adult male chimpanzees trained to use an artificial vagina (AV). Ejaculate weight, semen volume, and sperm number were significantly lower ( P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P 0.004); percentage of motile sperm correlated positively with percentage of live sperm (r = 0.4388, P P P
Sodium, potassium, and protein concentrations and 2D‐SDS‐page of epididymal luminal and ejaculated seminal fluids of the adult chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes )
The concentration of soluble protein and of sodium and potassium ions was estimated in chimpanzee caput epididymal luminal fluid, cauda epididymal luminal fluid, and ejaculated seminal fluid. Protein concentration was 48.5 ± 1.5 μg/μl in caput fluid, 26.8 ± 2.0 μg/μl in cauda fluid, and 53.0 ± 7.9 μg/μl in seminal fluid. Sodium concentration was 127.0 ± 7.0 mM in caput fluid, 34.5 ± 1.8 mM in cauda fluid, and 18.8 ± 1.8 mM in seminal fluid. Potas…
Effects of an oral contraceptive on sexual behavior of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Semen characteristics of the adult male chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes )
The chimpanzee, because of its similarities to the human, is especially valuable in studies of reproductive function. However, relatively little is known about the physiology of reproduction in the adult male chimpanzee. This study provides, for five adult male chimpanzees, baseline values for testicular volume without and with pressure and for cellular and biochemical characteristics of ejaculates collected by artificial vagina (AV). There was n…
Selected endocrine parameters of the adult male chimpanzee
This study provides baseline data on reproductive endocrine parameters of the male chimpanzee. A colony group of 47 male chimpanzees were classified by age as juvenile, ages 4–6 years (n = 7); adolescent, ages 7–9 (n = 9); and adult, ages 10–33 years (n = 31). Blood samples (n = 112) obtained from these animals [juveniles (n = ll), adolescents (n = 25), and adults (n = 76)] were analyzed for testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicl…
Effects of an oral contraceptive on sexual behavior of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Testicle size of orang‐utans in relation to body size
Few data are available for assessing the relative testicle size of orang‐utans, Pongo pygmaeus , so measures were obtained for 31 individuals of varying age. It was shown that the volume of the testicles, calculated from in situ measures of testicle length and breadth, closely approximates testicle weight when multiplied by the specific gravity of solid tissue. Growth curves for body weight and data published for wild specimens were evaluated to …
Fertility in the great apes
Improved methods for freeze preservation of chimpanzee sperm
Freeze preservation of human and nonhuman semen has been used effectively for a number of years; however, the application of freezing to preserve nonhuman primate sperm has been less successful. This study compares five freeze methods and various concentrations of the cryoprotectants glycerol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for cryopreservation of chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) sperm. The different methods were compared using quantitative analysis o…
Alterations in primate sperm motility with maturation and during exposure to theophylline
Micropuncture was used to collect pure suspensions of sperm from the caput and cauda regions of chimpanzee epididymides, which were analyzed with a Motion Analysis VP‐110. Sperm recovered from the caput region showed no forward motility. Incubation of these sperm with cauda epididymal fluid affected motility in 62%–90% of the sperm. Dilution of cauda sperm into buffer containing >50 mM theophylline resulted in immediate initiation of progressive …
Improved method for artificial insemination in the great apes
Artificial insemination in the great apes has not achieved its potential as a tool in maintenance of the endangered captive population. Three factors can influence the success rate of artificial insemination: sperm preparation, site of insemination, and timing of insemination. We have tried to optimize methods regarding these three steps. A modified method for insemination is described which has resulted in a 21% success rate (six term pregnancie…
Brief Report
The metabolism of estradiol‐17β is primarily an oxidative process at either carbon‐2 or carbon‐16 in the human. The objective of this study was to determine the relative importance of these two oxygenation pathways in the chimpanzee. The rate of oxidation of estradiol‐17β at each position was determined by measuring the release of tritium into body water from carbon‐2 or carbon‐16. [2‐ 3 H]‐Estradiol‐17β or [16‐ 3 H]‐estradiol‐17β was injected in…
Ovulation detection and artificial insemination
Methods of detecting ovulation and conducting artificial insemination in great apes are reviewed and described. Ovulation time can be detected to some extent by measuring timing relative to such cyclic correlates as menstruation, perineal swelling, body temperature, viscosity of cervical mucus, and behavior (copulation, masturbation, aggressivity). The most precise methods are observation of ovarian morphology using laparoscopy or ultrasonography…
Fertility in the male gorilla ( Gorilla gorilla )
Circulating levels of steroid and protein hormones were measured in 17 adult male lowland gorillas ( Gorilla gorilla ). The population included both fertile and infertile males as identified by previous siring of offspring and presence or absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate obtained by rectal probe electrostimulation. Correlations were sought between levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, estrone, estradiol, progesteron…
Validation of radioimmunoassays for LH and FSH in the sooty mangabey ( Cercocebus atys )
Heterologous radioimmunoassays (RIA) for macaque LH and FSH were validated for the measurement of these hormones in the sooty mangabey and mangabey pituitary LH was characterized relative to rhesus monkey LH. Dilutions of a pituitary mangabey extract and a partially purified preparation of mangabey LH ran parallel to a rhesus monkey standard (LER 1909‐2) in the ovine‐ovine (o‐o) LH assay but showed some deviation from parallelism in the rhesus mo…
Comparative morphology of primate spermatozoa using scanning electron microscopy. II. Families cercopithecidae, Lorisidae, Lemuridae
Testicle size of orang‐utans in relation to body size
Few data are available for assessing the relative testicle size of orang‐utans, Pongo pygmaeus , so measures were obtained for 31 individuals of varying age. It was shown that the volume of the testicles, calculated from in situ measures of testicle length and breadth, closely approximates testicle weight when multiplied by the specific gravity of solid tissue. Growth curves for body weight and data published for wild specimens were evaluated to …
Comparative morphology of primate spermatozoa using scanning electron microscopy. II. Families cercopithecidae, Lorisidae, Lemuridae
Ovulation detection and artificial insemination
Methods of detecting ovulation and conducting artificial insemination in great apes are reviewed and described. Ovulation time can be detected to some extent by measuring timing relative to such cyclic correlates as menstruation, perineal swelling, body temperature, viscosity of cervical mucus, and behavior (copulation, masturbation, aggressivity). The most precise methods are observation of ovarian morphology using laparoscopy or ultrasonography…
Fertility in the male gorilla ( Gorilla gorilla )
Circulating levels of steroid and protein hormones were measured in 17 adult male lowland gorillas ( Gorilla gorilla ). The population included both fertile and infertile males as identified by previous siring of offspring and presence or absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate obtained by rectal probe electrostimulation. Correlations were sought between levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, estrone, estradiol, progesteron…
Validation of radioimmunoassays for LH and FSH in the sooty mangabey ( Cercocebus atys )
Heterologous radioimmunoassays (RIA) for macaque LH and FSH were validated for the measurement of these hormones in the sooty mangabey and mangabey pituitary LH was characterized relative to rhesus monkey LH. Dilutions of a pituitary mangabey extract and a partially purified preparation of mangabey LH ran parallel to a rhesus monkey standard (LER 1909‐2) in the ovine‐ovine (o‐o) LH assay but showed some deviation from parallelism in the rhesus mo…
Brief Report
The metabolism of estradiol‐17β is primarily an oxidative process at either carbon‐2 or carbon‐16 in the human. The objective of this study was to determine the relative importance of these two oxygenation pathways in the chimpanzee. The rate of oxidation of estradiol‐17β at each position was determined by measuring the release of tritium into body water from carbon‐2 or carbon‐16. [2‐ 3 H]‐Estradiol‐17β or [16‐ 3 H]‐estradiol‐17β was injected in…
Improved method for artificial insemination in the great apes
Artificial insemination in the great apes has not achieved its potential as a tool in maintenance of the endangered captive population. Three factors can influence the success rate of artificial insemination: sperm preparation, site of insemination, and timing of insemination. We have tried to optimize methods regarding these three steps. A modified method for insemination is described which has resulted in a 21% success rate (six term pregnancie…
Alterations in primate sperm motility with maturation and during exposure to theophylline
Micropuncture was used to collect pure suspensions of sperm from the caput and cauda regions of chimpanzee epididymides, which were analyzed with a Motion Analysis VP‐110. Sperm recovered from the caput region showed no forward motility. Incubation of these sperm with cauda epididymal fluid affected motility in 62%–90% of the sperm. Dilution of cauda sperm into buffer containing >50 mM theophylline resulted in immediate initiation of progressive …
Improved methods for freeze preservation of chimpanzee sperm
Freeze preservation of human and nonhuman semen has been used effectively for a number of years; however, the application of freezing to preserve nonhuman primate sperm has been less successful. This study compares five freeze methods and various concentrations of the cryoprotectants glycerol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for cryopreservation of chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) sperm. The different methods were compared using quantitative analysis o…
Fertility in the great apes
Semen characteristics of the adult male chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes )
The chimpanzee, because of its similarities to the human, is especially valuable in studies of reproductive function. However, relatively little is known about the physiology of reproduction in the adult male chimpanzee. This study provides, for five adult male chimpanzees, baseline values for testicular volume without and with pressure and for cellular and biochemical characteristics of ejaculates collected by artificial vagina (AV). There was n…
Selected endocrine parameters of the adult male chimpanzee
This study provides baseline data on reproductive endocrine parameters of the male chimpanzee. A colony group of 47 male chimpanzees were classified by age as juvenile, ages 4–6 years (n = 7); adolescent, ages 7–9 (n = 9); and adult, ages 10–33 years (n = 31). Blood samples (n = 112) obtained from these animals [juveniles (n = ll), adolescents (n = 25), and adults (n = 76)] were analyzed for testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicl…
Effects of an oral contraceptive on sexual behavior of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Testicle size of orang‐utans in relation to body size
Few data are available for assessing the relative testicle size of orang‐utans, Pongo pygmaeus , so measures were obtained for 31 individuals of varying age. It was shown that the volume of the testicles, calculated from in situ measures of testicle length and breadth, closely approximates testicle weight when multiplied by the specific gravity of solid tissue. Growth curves for body weight and data published for wild specimens were evaluated to …
Sodium, potassium, and protein concentrations and 2D‐SDS‐page of epididymal luminal and ejaculated seminal fluids of the adult chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes )
The concentration of soluble protein and of sodium and potassium ions was estimated in chimpanzee caput epididymal luminal fluid, cauda epididymal luminal fluid, and ejaculated seminal fluid. Protein concentration was 48.5 ± 1.5 μg/μl in caput fluid, 26.8 ± 2.0 μg/μl in cauda fluid, and 53.0 ± 7.9 μg/μl in seminal fluid. Sodium concentration was 127.0 ± 7.0 mM in caput fluid, 34.5 ± 1.8 mM in cauda fluid, and 18.8 ± 1.8 mM in seminal fluid. Potas…
Effects of an oral contraceptive on sexual behavior of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Characteristics of chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) ejaculates collected by rectal probe electrostimulation and by artificial vagina
This study compares characteristics of ejaculates collected from 16 adult male chimpanzees using rectal probe electrostimulation (RPE) and from 10 adult male chimpanzees trained to use an artificial vagina (AV). Ejaculate weight, semen volume, and sperm number were significantly lower ( P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P 0.004); percentage of motile sperm correlated positively with percentage of live sperm (r = 0.4388, P P P
Male dominance rank and offspring-initiated affiliative behaviors were not predictors of paternity in a captive group of pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina)
Functional parameters of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) sperm from ejaculates collected by rectal probe electrostimulation and by artificial vagina
This study compares functional parameters of sperm from ejaculates collected from 15 adult male chimpanzees using rectal probe electrostimulation (RPE) and from 10 adult male chimpanzees trained to use an artificial vagina (AV). Computer assisted motion analysis (CAMA) showed no significant differences in mean values for straight line velocity (VSL), linearity (LIN), curvilinear velocity (VCL), and lateral head movement (ALH) of sperm from ejacul…
Biology (17 works) · Medicine (12 works) · Endocrinology (11 works) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (10 works) · Sperm and Testicular Function (8 works) · Sperm (7 works) · Anatomy (6 works) · Andrology (6 works) · Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior (6 works) · Physiology (6 works)