Timothy M Eppley
Biographic Data
| ID | 5208626 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Timothy M Eppley |
| GIVEN NAMES | Timothy M |
| FAMILY NAME | Eppley |
| SIGNATURE | EPPLEY T M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Portland State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1456-6948 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 23 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 17 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 23 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2011 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Heterospecific social behavior in primates: Insights into the evolutionary roots of pet-keeping
Primate interspecific interactions with both other primates and non-primate species range from predator–prey dynamics to affiliative behaviors such as grooming, play, and carrying. While many primates participate in interspecific associations or commensal relationships, to our knowledge interspecific social interactions have never been systematically synthesized. Here, we present the first comprehensive review of such interactions, compiling 427 …
Activity, Ranging, and Habitat Use Patterns of Two Groups of Boutourline’s Blue Monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis boutourlinii) in Habitats with Different Levels of Anthropogenic Modification in Hamuma Cof…
The Effects of Road Use on Livelihoods and Protected Area Natural Resource Collection in Northeastern Madagascar
As infrastructure improves, road networks increasingly benefit surrounding human populations; however, they may also fragment habitats and increase natural resource extraction, negatively affecting biodiversity. Understanding the relationship between road connectivity and protected areas can help us recommend future policy-relevant research to improve the well-being of road-users while ensuring wildlife protection. Madagascar is one of the most b…
Habitat Selection and Population Density of Diurnal and Nocturnal Lemurs in the Anjozorobe-Angavo Protected Area, Madagascar
Primates are among the most threatened mammals globally owing to rapid habitat loss and intense hunting pressure. Among these, lemurs are the taxon with the highest number of species at risk of extinction. Although many lemur species have been surveyed extensively across Madagascar, some taxa and protected areas remain understudied. The Anjozorobe-Angavo Protected Area, a rainforest landscape in the highlands of central-eastern Madagascar, has re…
Lemur Distribution in Relation to Treefall Canopy Gaps in Masoala National Park, Northeast Madagascar
Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot facing increasing anthropogenic pressures, with 95% of lemur species threatened with extinction. In addition to habitat loss and hunting, cyclones create treefall gaps with unknown effects on arboreal species. We examined the effect of Cyclone Eliakim, which struck Masoala National Park in March 2018 with sustained wind speeds reaching 151 km/h. We assessed whether lemur densities and their microhabitat niches…
Dietary Flexibility of Arsi geladas (Theropithecus gelada arsi) in a Dry, Low-elevation, Human-dominated Landscape at Goro-Jena, Southeast Ethiopia
Unshrouding Narratives, Beliefs, and Practices Related to the Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) in Eastern Madagascar
Ethnoprimatology emphasizes the complex sociocultural dimensions of human-alloprimate interactions, often overlooked in conservation practices and narratives shaped by ecological perspectives alone. In Madagascar, lemurs are deeply embedded in local traditions structured around taboos, legends, and kinship beliefs. Among them, the aye-aye ( Daubentonia madagascariensis ) is frequently subject to a narrative portraying it as an evil animal, an ome…
Provisioning services decline for both people and Critically Endangered wildlife in a rainforest transformation landscape
The loss and degradation of forests and other ecosystems worldwide threaten both global biodiversity and the livelihoods of people who use natural resources. Understanding how natural resource use impacts landscape provisioning services for both people and wildlife is thus critical for designing comprehensive resource management strategies. We used data from community focus groups, botanical plots and an inventory of plant species consumed by the…
A habitat stronghold on the precipice: A call‐to‐action for supporting lemur conservation in northeast Madagascar
The northeast of Madagascar is as diverse as it is threatened. The area bordering the Analanjirofo and SAVA regions contains six protected areas and at least 22 lemur species. Many applied research and conservation programs have been established in the region with the aim of ensuring both wildlife and people thrive in the long term. While most of the remaining humid evergreen forest of northeast Madagascar is formally protected, the local human p…
In memory of our mentor: Frans de Waal (1948–2024)
The world lost a towering figure when primatologist Frans de Waal passed away on March 14, 2024. Many are aware of his multitude of contributions to the field. His ability to see what animals were actually doing changed how we viewed first primates, then other species. He shared these insights through both traditional scientific outputs, such as journal articles and scientific presentations, and less common outputs, such as 15 books and two TED t…
Feeding Ecology of Omo River Guerezas (Colobus guereza guereza) in Natural Versus Plantation Forests in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia
Population size and habitat preference of the Omo River guereza (Colobus guereza guereza) in a multi-habitat matrix in the central highlands of Ethiopia
Fermented food consumption in wild nonhuman primates and its ecological drivers
OBJECTIVES: Although fermented food use is ubiquitous in humans, the ecological and evolutionary factors contributing to its emergence are unclear. Here we investigated the ecological contexts surrounding the consumption of fruits in the late stages of fermentation by wild primates to provide insight into its adaptive function. We hypothesized that climate, socioecological traits, and habitat patch size would influence the occurrence of this beha…
Do functional traits offset the effects of fragmentation? The case of large‐bodied diurnal lemur species
Primates worldwide are faced with increasing threats making them more vulnerable to extinction. Anthropogenic disturbances, such as habitat degradation and fragmentation, are among the main concerns, and in Madagascar, these issues have become widespread. As this situation continues to worsen, we sought to understand how fragmentation affects primate distribution throughout the island. Further, because species may exhibit different sensitivity to…
The importance of protein in leaf selection of folivorous primates
Protein limitation has been considered a key factor in hypotheses on the evolution of life history and animal communities, suggesting that animals should prioritize protein in their food choice. This contrasts with the limited support that food selection studies have provided for such a priority in nonhuman primates, particularly for folivores. Here, we suggest that this discrepancy can be resolved if folivores only need to select for high protei…
Chimpanzee uses manipulative gaze cues to conceal and reveal information to foraging competitor
Tactical deception has been widely reported in primates on a functional basis, but details of behavioral mechanisms are usually unspecified. We tested a pair of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in the informed forager paradigm, in which the subordinate saw the location of hidden food and the dominant did not. We employed cross-correlations to examine temporal contingencies between chimpanzees' behavior: specifically how the direction of the subordin…
Ecological Flexibility as Measured by the Use of Pioneer and Exotic Plants by Two Lemurids: Eulemur collaris and Hapalemur meridionalis
High Energy or Protein Concentrations in Food as Possible Offsets for Cyanide Consumption by Specialized Bamboo Lemurs in Madagascar
Unusual sleeping site selection by southern bamboo lemurs
Determinants of terrestrial feeding in an arboreal primate: The case of the southern bamboo lemur ( Hapalemur meridionalis )
OBJECTIVES: The proximate and ultimate determinants that may have prompted some primates to shift from an arboreal to terrestrial feeding niche, whether due to environmental change, seasonality, and/or predation pressure, are poorly understood. Within a fragmented littoral forest in southeast Madagascar, an arboreal strepsirrhine population spends a large proportion of time on the ground, thus we aimed to identify which factors influence terrestr…
Using cross correlations to investigate how chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) use conspecific gaze cues to extract and exploit information in a foraging competition
In a dyadic informed forager task, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are known to exploit the knowledge of informed subordinates; however, the behavioral mechanisms they employ are unknown. It is tempting to interpret outcome measures, such as which individual obtained the food, in a cognitively richer way than the outcomes may justify. We employed a different approach from prior research, asking how chimpanzees compete by maneuvering around each oth…
Perseverance and food sharing among closely affiliated female chimpanzees
Coping with low-quality diets: A first account of the feeding ecology of the southern gentle lemur, Hapalemur meridionalis, in the Mandena littoral forest, southeast Madagascar
Ecological Flexibility as Measured by the Use of Pioneer and Exotic Plants by Two Lemurids: Eulemur collaris and Hapalemur meridionalis
Determinants of terrestrial feeding in an arboreal primate: The case of the southern bamboo lemur ( Hapalemur meridionalis )
OBJECTIVES: The proximate and ultimate determinants that may have prompted some primates to shift from an arboreal to terrestrial feeding niche, whether due to environmental change, seasonality, and/or predation pressure, are poorly understood. Within a fragmented littoral forest in southeast Madagascar, an arboreal strepsirrhine population spends a large proportion of time on the ground, thus we aimed to identify which factors influence terrestr…
Fermented food consumption in wild nonhuman primates and its ecological drivers
OBJECTIVES: Although fermented food use is ubiquitous in humans, the ecological and evolutionary factors contributing to its emergence are unclear. Here we investigated the ecological contexts surrounding the consumption of fruits in the late stages of fermentation by wild primates to provide insight into its adaptive function. We hypothesized that climate, socioecological traits, and habitat patch size would influence the occurrence of this beha…
High Energy or Protein Concentrations in Food as Possible Offsets for Cyanide Consumption by Specialized Bamboo Lemurs in Madagascar
Coping with low-quality diets: A first account of the feeding ecology of the southern gentle lemur, Hapalemur meridionalis, in the Mandena littoral forest, southeast Madagascar
Perseverance and food sharing among closely affiliated female chimpanzees
Using cross correlations to investigate how chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) use conspecific gaze cues to extract and exploit information in a foraging competition
In a dyadic informed forager task, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are known to exploit the knowledge of informed subordinates; however, the behavioral mechanisms they employ are unknown. It is tempting to interpret outcome measures, such as which individual obtained the food, in a cognitively richer way than the outcomes may justify. We employed a different approach from prior research, asking how chimpanzees compete by maneuvering around each oth…
Unusual sleeping site selection by southern bamboo lemurs
Determinants of terrestrial feeding in an arboreal primate: The case of the southern bamboo lemur ( Hapalemur meridionalis )
OBJECTIVES: The proximate and ultimate determinants that may have prompted some primates to shift from an arboreal to terrestrial feeding niche, whether due to environmental change, seasonality, and/or predation pressure, are poorly understood. Within a fragmented littoral forest in southeast Madagascar, an arboreal strepsirrhine population spends a large proportion of time on the ground, thus we aimed to identify which factors influence terrestr…
The importance of protein in leaf selection of folivorous primates
Protein limitation has been considered a key factor in hypotheses on the evolution of life history and animal communities, suggesting that animals should prioritize protein in their food choice. This contrasts with the limited support that food selection studies have provided for such a priority in nonhuman primates, particularly for folivores. Here, we suggest that this discrepancy can be resolved if folivores only need to select for high protei…
Chimpanzee uses manipulative gaze cues to conceal and reveal information to foraging competitor
Tactical deception has been widely reported in primates on a functional basis, but details of behavioral mechanisms are usually unspecified. We tested a pair of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in the informed forager paradigm, in which the subordinate saw the location of hidden food and the dominant did not. We employed cross-correlations to examine temporal contingencies between chimpanzees' behavior: specifically how the direction of the subordin…
Ecological Flexibility as Measured by the Use of Pioneer and Exotic Plants by Two Lemurids: Eulemur collaris and Hapalemur meridionalis
High Energy or Protein Concentrations in Food as Possible Offsets for Cyanide Consumption by Specialized Bamboo Lemurs in Madagascar
Do functional traits offset the effects of fragmentation? The case of large‐bodied diurnal lemur species
Primates worldwide are faced with increasing threats making them more vulnerable to extinction. Anthropogenic disturbances, such as habitat degradation and fragmentation, are among the main concerns, and in Madagascar, these issues have become widespread. As this situation continues to worsen, we sought to understand how fragmentation affects primate distribution throughout the island. Further, because species may exhibit different sensitivity to…
Fermented food consumption in wild nonhuman primates and its ecological drivers
OBJECTIVES: Although fermented food use is ubiquitous in humans, the ecological and evolutionary factors contributing to its emergence are unclear. Here we investigated the ecological contexts surrounding the consumption of fruits in the late stages of fermentation by wild primates to provide insight into its adaptive function. We hypothesized that climate, socioecological traits, and habitat patch size would influence the occurrence of this beha…
Population size and habitat preference of the Omo River guereza (Colobus guereza guereza) in a multi-habitat matrix in the central highlands of Ethiopia
Provisioning services decline for both people and Critically Endangered wildlife in a rainforest transformation landscape
The loss and degradation of forests and other ecosystems worldwide threaten both global biodiversity and the livelihoods of people who use natural resources. Understanding how natural resource use impacts landscape provisioning services for both people and wildlife is thus critical for designing comprehensive resource management strategies. We used data from community focus groups, botanical plots and an inventory of plant species consumed by the…
A habitat stronghold on the precipice: A call‐to‐action for supporting lemur conservation in northeast Madagascar
The northeast of Madagascar is as diverse as it is threatened. The area bordering the Analanjirofo and SAVA regions contains six protected areas and at least 22 lemur species. Many applied research and conservation programs have been established in the region with the aim of ensuring both wildlife and people thrive in the long term. While most of the remaining humid evergreen forest of northeast Madagascar is formally protected, the local human p…
In memory of our mentor: Frans de Waal (1948–2024)
The world lost a towering figure when primatologist Frans de Waal passed away on March 14, 2024. Many are aware of his multitude of contributions to the field. His ability to see what animals were actually doing changed how we viewed first primates, then other species. He shared these insights through both traditional scientific outputs, such as journal articles and scientific presentations, and less common outputs, such as 15 books and two TED t…
Feeding Ecology of Omo River Guerezas (Colobus guereza guereza) in Natural Versus Plantation Forests in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia
Unshrouding Narratives, Beliefs, and Practices Related to the Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) in Eastern Madagascar
Ethnoprimatology emphasizes the complex sociocultural dimensions of human-alloprimate interactions, often overlooked in conservation practices and narratives shaped by ecological perspectives alone. In Madagascar, lemurs are deeply embedded in local traditions structured around taboos, legends, and kinship beliefs. Among them, the aye-aye ( Daubentonia madagascariensis ) is frequently subject to a narrative portraying it as an evil animal, an ome…
Heterospecific social behavior in primates: Insights into the evolutionary roots of pet-keeping
Primate interspecific interactions with both other primates and non-primate species range from predator–prey dynamics to affiliative behaviors such as grooming, play, and carrying. While many primates participate in interspecific associations or commensal relationships, to our knowledge interspecific social interactions have never been systematically synthesized. Here, we present the first comprehensive review of such interactions, compiling 427 …
Activity, Ranging, and Habitat Use Patterns of Two Groups of Boutourline’s Blue Monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis boutourlinii) in Habitats with Different Levels of Anthropogenic Modification in Hamuma Cof…
The Effects of Road Use on Livelihoods and Protected Area Natural Resource Collection in Northeastern Madagascar
As infrastructure improves, road networks increasingly benefit surrounding human populations; however, they may also fragment habitats and increase natural resource extraction, negatively affecting biodiversity. Understanding the relationship between road connectivity and protected areas can help us recommend future policy-relevant research to improve the well-being of road-users while ensuring wildlife protection. Madagascar is one of the most b…
Habitat Selection and Population Density of Diurnal and Nocturnal Lemurs in the Anjozorobe-Angavo Protected Area, Madagascar
Primates are among the most threatened mammals globally owing to rapid habitat loss and intense hunting pressure. Among these, lemurs are the taxon with the highest number of species at risk of extinction. Although many lemur species have been surveyed extensively across Madagascar, some taxa and protected areas remain understudied. The Anjozorobe-Angavo Protected Area, a rainforest landscape in the highlands of central-eastern Madagascar, has re…
Lemur Distribution in Relation to Treefall Canopy Gaps in Masoala National Park, Northeast Madagascar
Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot facing increasing anthropogenic pressures, with 95% of lemur species threatened with extinction. In addition to habitat loss and hunting, cyclones create treefall gaps with unknown effects on arboreal species. We examined the effect of Cyclone Eliakim, which struck Masoala National Park in March 2018 with sustained wind speeds reaching 151 km/h. We assessed whether lemur densities and their microhabitat niches…
Dietary Flexibility of Arsi geladas (Theropithecus gelada arsi) in a Dry, Low-elevation, Human-dominated Landscape at Goro-Jena, Southeast Ethiopia
Primate Behavior and Ecology (22 works) · Biology (14 works) · Habitat (13 works) · Ecology (11 works) · Lemur (10 works) · Animal ecology (9 works) · Primate (8 works) · Wildlife Ecology and Conservation (8 works) · Amphibian and Reptile Biology (6 works) · Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior (6 works)