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R Ellefsen

Biographic Data

ID52174
NAMER Ellefsen
GIVEN NAMESR
FAMILY NAMEEllefsen
SIGNATUREELLEFSEN R
AFFILIATIONSUniversity of Oslo
ORCID0000-0002-2420-9365
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS17
TOTAL CITATIONS112
AUTHOR COUNT17
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR2016
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX7
  • Framveksten av hatkriminalitet som et sosialt problem i Norge: En prosessorientert analyse

    Open Access•R Ellefsen, Kristina Os et al.•ARTICLE•Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning•2026

    I denne artikkelen undersøker vi når, hvorfor og hvordan hatkriminalitet har blitt etablert som et sosialt problem i Norge. Hatkriminalitet er et veletablert internasjonalt forskningsfelt, men det er få norske studier og lite kunnskap om hvorfor handlinger som tidligere ble forstått som noe annet, i dag omtales som hatkriminalitet. Med denne studien søker vi å bidra med slik kunnskap gjennom en kvalitativ prosessorientert analyse som viser hvilke…

  • Relational hope and despair: Heroin-assisted treatment as experienced by the patients’ family members

    Open Access•R Ellefsen, Silvana De Pirro et al.•ARTICLE•Drugs Education Prevention and…•2025

    Background Limited research exists on how family members of adults with opioid use disorder (OUD) are affected by their relatives’ entry into treatment. This is the first study to solely examine the experiences of family members following a relative’s enrollment in heroin-assisted treatment (HAT).Methods The study explored how participants’ situations and those of their relatives, including their relational dynamics were impacted by HAT enrollmen…

  • (U)lovlig smakløse ytringer: En rettssosiologisk analyse av domstolenes grensedragninger for straffbare hatefulle ytringer

    Open Access•R Ellefsen, Carola Lingaas et al.•ARTICLE•Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning•2025•References: 2

    Du er for mørkhudet til å være her», sa den mannlige norske komikeren til en yngre kvinne og kjent forfatter som han møtte på en bar. Han ble anmeldt til politiet for hatefulle ytringer, og ba om unnskyldning ved å hevde at uttalelsen var et «ekstremt klønete forsøk på å være morsom». Anmeldelsen ble henlagt av statsadvokaten fordi ytringen ikke ble vurdert til å være «kvalifisert krenkende». Men hva betyr egentlig det? I denne artikkelen present…

  • Rasisme og motstand: Minoritetsungdom slår tilbake

    Open Access•Azin Banafsheh, R Ellefsen et al.•ARTICLE•Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 51

    Mange etniske minoriteter opplever rasisme som et stort problem i Norge. Dette gjelder spesielt mikroaggresjoner basert på kulturelle forestillinger om at «det norske» er overlegent. I denne artikkelen beskriver vi ulike former for rasisme og legger vekt på hvordan disse ble motarbeidet gjennom det vi kaller hverdagsmotstand. Studien er basert på 41 kvalitative intervjuer med personer med minoritetsbakgrunn, hovedsakelig svarte, som deltok i Blac…

  • Reporting Anti-LGBTQI Hate Crime to the Police: First-Hand Experiences and Reasons for not Reporting

    Open Access•R Ellefsen, Kristina Os et al.•ARTICLE•Nordic Journal of Studies in…•2024•Cited by: 2•References: 4

    This study investigates the views and experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or intersex (LGBTQI) people in Norway of reporting hate crimes to the police, using more than 3000 responses to open-ended survey questions. We used thematic analysis to identify the variety of experiences of reporting hate incidents and the reasons for not reporting them. We identified a range of barriers to reporting incidents, and a few positive exp…

  • The causes, content and consequences of repression: A framework for analyzing protest control in the counter-extremism era

    Open Access•R Ellefsen, Jan Jämte•ARTICLE•Social movement studies•2023•Cited by: 4•References: 53

    Since the early 2000s, governments in many Western democracies have introduced policies and practices to prevent radicalization and violent extremism (PRVE). This has led to the formation of a new policy arena in which an increased number of actors are tasked with PRVE work. The diverse set of actors and methods involved affect social movements in new and complex ways, but also challenges the established knowledge and analytical focus of research…

  • Resisting racism in everyday life: From ignoring to confrontation and protest

    Open Access•R Ellefsen, Azin Banafsheh et al.•ARTICLE•Ethnic and Racial Studies•2022

    Racial discrimination takes many forms and so does opposition to it. In contrast to the dominant emphasis on institutional or state efforts to counter racism, we examine how members of racially minoritized groups resist racism in their everyday lives. Drawing on forty-one qualitative interviews with young, mainly Black, people in Norway, we identify five distinct ways in which they actively counter racism, as opposed to passively accepting or ada…

  • Everyday Prevention of Radicalization: The Impacts of Family, Peer, and Police Intervention

    Open Access•R Ellefsen, Sandberg•ARTICLE•Studies in Conflict and Terrorism•2022•Cited by: 4

    This study examines early intervention against individual radicalization. The data originate from interviews with young Muslims in Norway who had experienced interventions related to their own radicalization, or engaged in or witnessed interventions directed at a radicalized peer or relative. We find that informal interventions by family and friends were most prevalent in the data and played the most decisive role in interrupting radicalization, …

  • Black Lives Matter: The Role of Emotions in Political Engagement

    Open Access•R Ellefsen, Sandberg et al.•ARTICLE•Sociology•2022•Cited by: 9•References: 40

    In the spring of 2020, the Black Lives Matter protests shook the Western world. Spreading from the USA, demonstrations diffused globally, especially to Europe, calling out racism in its different forms. Emotions ran high and were pivotal in igniting protests. The role of emotion in social movements has received renewed scholarly attention during the last decades. It plays an important role at every stage of protest, but few studies have traced it…

  • A repertoire of everyday resistance: Young Muslims’ responses to anti-Muslim hostility

    R Ellefsen, Sandberg•ARTICLE•New Community•2021•Cited by: 24•References: 50

    Research has shown widespread discrimination and hostility toward Muslims in Western countries. There is less knowledge of how Muslims resist, oppose, or challenge such behaviour. Based on in-depth interviews with 90 young Muslims in Norway, this study explores responses to anti-Muslim hostility. We describe a repertoire of everyday resistance: talking back, entering dialogue, living the example, denying significance, and talking down. The first …

  • The Unintended Consequences of Escalated Repression

    R Ellefsen•ARTICLE•Mobilization An International…•2021•Cited by: 10

    This article examines the unpredictable consequences of escalated repression on the dynamics of contention. By examining sequences of interactions among contenders in the course of one conflict, analysis traces pathways through which the escalation of repression impacts activists and protest targets in ways that seemingly go against the intentions of repressive agents. Three types of outcomes of repression are identified: a worse situation for pr…

  • Prevention of Radicalization as an Emergent Field of Plural Policing in Norway: The Accelerating Role of Militant Islamists

    Open Access•R Ellefsen•ARTICLE•Nordic Journal of Studies in…•2021•Cited by: 2•References: 6

    This article provides a brief history of the policing of militant Islamism in Norway between 2009 and 2019. The numerous counter-responses to militant Islamism that have taken place in this decade, I argue, were a primary factor in accelerating the emergence of the prevention of radicalization and violent extremism (PRVE) as a new field of policy and plural policing in Norway. The emergence of this field in Norway is set against similar fields in…

  • The Consequences of Soft Repression

    Jan Jämte, R Ellefsen•ARTICLE•Mobilization An International…•2020•Cited by: 21•References: 13

    This article examines the consequences of soft repression on social movement activists. By drawing on activists’ perceptions, we develop a multilayered analytical framework that captures the experienced effects of soft repression at the individual, organizational, and movement levels. Our results show that soft repression—in particular, labeling, and stigmatization—primarily affect the individual level by triggering self-policing and self-control…

  • Deepening the Explanation of Radical Flank Effects: Tracing Contingent Outcomes of Destructive Capacity

    Open Access•R Ellefsen•ARTICLE•Qualitative Sociology•2018•Cited by: 8•References: 35

  • Taking Sides? Issues of Bias and Partisanship When Researching Socio-political Conflict

    Open Access•R Ellefsen•ARTICLE•Critical Criminology•2017•Cited by: 2•References: 23

  • Relational dynamics of protest and protest policing: Strategic interaction and the coevolution of targeting strategies

    R Ellefsen•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2016•Cited by: 9•References: 8

    This article investigates the relational dynamics of lawful and unlawful protest in the wake of the British Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (SHAC) campaign, and the plural policing efforts by public and private actors it triggered. The aim is to explain the coevolution of the targeting strategies employed by campaigners and their adversaries, particularly criminal justice agencies and corporate actors. Delimited to the life span of SHAC (1999–2014…

  • Judicial opportunities and the death of SHAC: Legal Repression Along a Cycle of Contention

    R Ellefsen•ARTICLE•Social movement studies•2016•Cited by: 16•References: 29

    Focusing on the British animal rights campaign against Huntingdon Life Sciences, this article investigates how changing judicial opportunities effectively cause the demobilization of a social movement campaign, explaining the central role of law and criminal justice in movement repression. The study identifies four forms of legal repression arising in response to the UK organization Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty: elite-initiated protest control,…

  • A repertoire of everyday resistance: Young Muslims’ responses to anti-Muslim hostility

    R Ellefsen, Sandberg•ARTICLE•New Community•2021•Cited by: 24•References: 50

    Research has shown widespread discrimination and hostility toward Muslims in Western countries. There is less knowledge of how Muslims resist, oppose, or challenge such behaviour. Based on in-depth interviews with 90 young Muslims in Norway, this study explores responses to anti-Muslim hostility. We describe a repertoire of everyday resistance: talking back, entering dialogue, living the example, denying significance, and talking down. The first …

  • The Consequences of Soft Repression

    Jan Jämte, R Ellefsen•ARTICLE•Mobilization An International…•2020•Cited by: 21•References: 13

    This article examines the consequences of soft repression on social movement activists. By drawing on activists’ perceptions, we develop a multilayered analytical framework that captures the experienced effects of soft repression at the individual, organizational, and movement levels. Our results show that soft repression—in particular, labeling, and stigmatization—primarily affect the individual level by triggering self-policing and self-control…

  • Judicial opportunities and the death of SHAC: Legal Repression Along a Cycle of Contention

    R Ellefsen•ARTICLE•Social movement studies•2016•Cited by: 16•References: 29

    Focusing on the British animal rights campaign against Huntingdon Life Sciences, this article investigates how changing judicial opportunities effectively cause the demobilization of a social movement campaign, explaining the central role of law and criminal justice in movement repression. The study identifies four forms of legal repression arising in response to the UK organization Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty: elite-initiated protest control,…

  • The Unintended Consequences of Escalated Repression

    R Ellefsen•ARTICLE•Mobilization An International…•2021•Cited by: 10

    This article examines the unpredictable consequences of escalated repression on the dynamics of contention. By examining sequences of interactions among contenders in the course of one conflict, analysis traces pathways through which the escalation of repression impacts activists and protest targets in ways that seemingly go against the intentions of repressive agents. Three types of outcomes of repression are identified: a worse situation for pr…

  • Black Lives Matter: The Role of Emotions in Political Engagement

    Open Access•R Ellefsen, Sandberg et al.•ARTICLE•Sociology•2022•Cited by: 9•References: 40

    In the spring of 2020, the Black Lives Matter protests shook the Western world. Spreading from the USA, demonstrations diffused globally, especially to Europe, calling out racism in its different forms. Emotions ran high and were pivotal in igniting protests. The role of emotion in social movements has received renewed scholarly attention during the last decades. It plays an important role at every stage of protest, but few studies have traced it…

  • Relational dynamics of protest and protest policing: Strategic interaction and the coevolution of targeting strategies

    R Ellefsen•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2016•Cited by: 9•References: 8

    This article investigates the relational dynamics of lawful and unlawful protest in the wake of the British Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (SHAC) campaign, and the plural policing efforts by public and private actors it triggered. The aim is to explain the coevolution of the targeting strategies employed by campaigners and their adversaries, particularly criminal justice agencies and corporate actors. Delimited to the life span of SHAC (1999–2014…

  • Deepening the Explanation of Radical Flank Effects: Tracing Contingent Outcomes of Destructive Capacity

    Open Access•R Ellefsen•ARTICLE•Qualitative Sociology•2018•Cited by: 8•References: 35

  • The causes, content and consequences of repression: A framework for analyzing protest control in the counter-extremism era

    Open Access•R Ellefsen, Jan Jämte•ARTICLE•Social movement studies•2023•Cited by: 4•References: 53

    Since the early 2000s, governments in many Western democracies have introduced policies and practices to prevent radicalization and violent extremism (PRVE). This has led to the formation of a new policy arena in which an increased number of actors are tasked with PRVE work. The diverse set of actors and methods involved affect social movements in new and complex ways, but also challenges the established knowledge and analytical focus of research…

  • Everyday Prevention of Radicalization: The Impacts of Family, Peer, and Police Intervention

    Open Access•R Ellefsen, Sandberg•ARTICLE•Studies in Conflict and Terrorism•2022•Cited by: 4

    This study examines early intervention against individual radicalization. The data originate from interviews with young Muslims in Norway who had experienced interventions related to their own radicalization, or engaged in or witnessed interventions directed at a radicalized peer or relative. We find that informal interventions by family and friends were most prevalent in the data and played the most decisive role in interrupting radicalization, …

  • Reporting Anti-LGBTQI Hate Crime to the Police: First-Hand Experiences and Reasons for not Reporting

    Open Access•R Ellefsen, Kristina Os et al.•ARTICLE•Nordic Journal of Studies in…•2024•Cited by: 2•References: 4

    This study investigates the views and experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or intersex (LGBTQI) people in Norway of reporting hate crimes to the police, using more than 3000 responses to open-ended survey questions. We used thematic analysis to identify the variety of experiences of reporting hate incidents and the reasons for not reporting them. We identified a range of barriers to reporting incidents, and a few positive exp…

  • Prevention of Radicalization as an Emergent Field of Plural Policing in Norway: The Accelerating Role of Militant Islamists

    Open Access•R Ellefsen•ARTICLE•Nordic Journal of Studies in…•2021•Cited by: 2•References: 6

    This article provides a brief history of the policing of militant Islamism in Norway between 2009 and 2019. The numerous counter-responses to militant Islamism that have taken place in this decade, I argue, were a primary factor in accelerating the emergence of the prevention of radicalization and violent extremism (PRVE) as a new field of policy and plural policing in Norway. The emergence of this field in Norway is set against similar fields in…

  • Taking Sides? Issues of Bias and Partisanship When Researching Socio-political Conflict

    Open Access•R Ellefsen•ARTICLE•Critical Criminology•2017•Cited by: 2•References: 23

  • Rasisme og motstand: Minoritetsungdom slår tilbake

    Open Access•Azin Banafsheh, R Ellefsen et al.•ARTICLE•Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 51

    Mange etniske minoriteter opplever rasisme som et stort problem i Norge. Dette gjelder spesielt mikroaggresjoner basert på kulturelle forestillinger om at «det norske» er overlegent. I denne artikkelen beskriver vi ulike former for rasisme og legger vekt på hvordan disse ble motarbeidet gjennom det vi kaller hverdagsmotstand. Studien er basert på 41 kvalitative intervjuer med personer med minoritetsbakgrunn, hovedsakelig svarte, som deltok i Blac…

  • Relational dynamics of protest and protest policing: Strategic interaction and the coevolution of targeting strategies

    R Ellefsen•ARTICLE•Policing & Society•2016•Cited by: 9•References: 8

    This article investigates the relational dynamics of lawful and unlawful protest in the wake of the British Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (SHAC) campaign, and the plural policing efforts by public and private actors it triggered. The aim is to explain the coevolution of the targeting strategies employed by campaigners and their adversaries, particularly criminal justice agencies and corporate actors. Delimited to the life span of SHAC (1999–2014…

  • Judicial opportunities and the death of SHAC: Legal Repression Along a Cycle of Contention

    R Ellefsen•ARTICLE•Social movement studies•2016•Cited by: 16•References: 29

    Focusing on the British animal rights campaign against Huntingdon Life Sciences, this article investigates how changing judicial opportunities effectively cause the demobilization of a social movement campaign, explaining the central role of law and criminal justice in movement repression. The study identifies four forms of legal repression arising in response to the UK organization Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty: elite-initiated protest control,…

  • Taking Sides? Issues of Bias and Partisanship When Researching Socio-political Conflict

    Open Access•R Ellefsen•ARTICLE•Critical Criminology•2017•Cited by: 2•References: 23

  • Deepening the Explanation of Radical Flank Effects: Tracing Contingent Outcomes of Destructive Capacity

    Open Access•R Ellefsen•ARTICLE•Qualitative Sociology•2018•Cited by: 8•References: 35

  • The Consequences of Soft Repression

    Jan Jämte, R Ellefsen•ARTICLE•Mobilization An International…•2020•Cited by: 21•References: 13

    This article examines the consequences of soft repression on social movement activists. By drawing on activists’ perceptions, we develop a multilayered analytical framework that captures the experienced effects of soft repression at the individual, organizational, and movement levels. Our results show that soft repression—in particular, labeling, and stigmatization—primarily affect the individual level by triggering self-policing and self-control…

  • A repertoire of everyday resistance: Young Muslims’ responses to anti-Muslim hostility

    R Ellefsen, Sandberg•ARTICLE•New Community•2021•Cited by: 24•References: 50

    Research has shown widespread discrimination and hostility toward Muslims in Western countries. There is less knowledge of how Muslims resist, oppose, or challenge such behaviour. Based on in-depth interviews with 90 young Muslims in Norway, this study explores responses to anti-Muslim hostility. We describe a repertoire of everyday resistance: talking back, entering dialogue, living the example, denying significance, and talking down. The first …

  • The Unintended Consequences of Escalated Repression

    R Ellefsen•ARTICLE•Mobilization An International…•2021•Cited by: 10

    This article examines the unpredictable consequences of escalated repression on the dynamics of contention. By examining sequences of interactions among contenders in the course of one conflict, analysis traces pathways through which the escalation of repression impacts activists and protest targets in ways that seemingly go against the intentions of repressive agents. Three types of outcomes of repression are identified: a worse situation for pr…

  • Prevention of Radicalization as an Emergent Field of Plural Policing in Norway: The Accelerating Role of Militant Islamists

    Open Access•R Ellefsen•ARTICLE•Nordic Journal of Studies in…•2021•Cited by: 2•References: 6

    This article provides a brief history of the policing of militant Islamism in Norway between 2009 and 2019. The numerous counter-responses to militant Islamism that have taken place in this decade, I argue, were a primary factor in accelerating the emergence of the prevention of radicalization and violent extremism (PRVE) as a new field of policy and plural policing in Norway. The emergence of this field in Norway is set against similar fields in…

  • Resisting racism in everyday life: From ignoring to confrontation and protest

    Open Access•R Ellefsen, Azin Banafsheh et al.•ARTICLE•Ethnic and Racial Studies•2022

    Racial discrimination takes many forms and so does opposition to it. In contrast to the dominant emphasis on institutional or state efforts to counter racism, we examine how members of racially minoritized groups resist racism in their everyday lives. Drawing on forty-one qualitative interviews with young, mainly Black, people in Norway, we identify five distinct ways in which they actively counter racism, as opposed to passively accepting or ada…

  • Everyday Prevention of Radicalization: The Impacts of Family, Peer, and Police Intervention

    Open Access•R Ellefsen, Sandberg•ARTICLE•Studies in Conflict and Terrorism•2022•Cited by: 4

    This study examines early intervention against individual radicalization. The data originate from interviews with young Muslims in Norway who had experienced interventions related to their own radicalization, or engaged in or witnessed interventions directed at a radicalized peer or relative. We find that informal interventions by family and friends were most prevalent in the data and played the most decisive role in interrupting radicalization, …

  • Black Lives Matter: The Role of Emotions in Political Engagement

    Open Access•R Ellefsen, Sandberg et al.•ARTICLE•Sociology•2022•Cited by: 9•References: 40

    In the spring of 2020, the Black Lives Matter protests shook the Western world. Spreading from the USA, demonstrations diffused globally, especially to Europe, calling out racism in its different forms. Emotions ran high and were pivotal in igniting protests. The role of emotion in social movements has received renewed scholarly attention during the last decades. It plays an important role at every stage of protest, but few studies have traced it…

  • The causes, content and consequences of repression: A framework for analyzing protest control in the counter-extremism era

    Open Access•R Ellefsen, Jan Jämte•ARTICLE•Social movement studies•2023•Cited by: 4•References: 53

    Since the early 2000s, governments in many Western democracies have introduced policies and practices to prevent radicalization and violent extremism (PRVE). This has led to the formation of a new policy arena in which an increased number of actors are tasked with PRVE work. The diverse set of actors and methods involved affect social movements in new and complex ways, but also challenges the established knowledge and analytical focus of research…

  • Rasisme og motstand: Minoritetsungdom slår tilbake

    Open Access•Azin Banafsheh, R Ellefsen et al.•ARTICLE•Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning•2024•Cited by: 1•References: 51

    Mange etniske minoriteter opplever rasisme som et stort problem i Norge. Dette gjelder spesielt mikroaggresjoner basert på kulturelle forestillinger om at «det norske» er overlegent. I denne artikkelen beskriver vi ulike former for rasisme og legger vekt på hvordan disse ble motarbeidet gjennom det vi kaller hverdagsmotstand. Studien er basert på 41 kvalitative intervjuer med personer med minoritetsbakgrunn, hovedsakelig svarte, som deltok i Blac…

  • Reporting Anti-LGBTQI Hate Crime to the Police: First-Hand Experiences and Reasons for not Reporting

    Open Access•R Ellefsen, Kristina Os et al.•ARTICLE•Nordic Journal of Studies in…•2024•Cited by: 2•References: 4

    This study investigates the views and experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or intersex (LGBTQI) people in Norway of reporting hate crimes to the police, using more than 3000 responses to open-ended survey questions. We used thematic analysis to identify the variety of experiences of reporting hate incidents and the reasons for not reporting them. We identified a range of barriers to reporting incidents, and a few positive exp…

  • Relational hope and despair: Heroin-assisted treatment as experienced by the patients’ family members

    Open Access•R Ellefsen, Silvana De Pirro et al.•ARTICLE•Drugs Education Prevention and…•2025

    Background Limited research exists on how family members of adults with opioid use disorder (OUD) are affected by their relatives’ entry into treatment. This is the first study to solely examine the experiences of family members following a relative’s enrollment in heroin-assisted treatment (HAT).Methods The study explored how participants’ situations and those of their relatives, including their relational dynamics were impacted by HAT enrollmen…

  • (U)lovlig smakløse ytringer: En rettssosiologisk analyse av domstolenes grensedragninger for straffbare hatefulle ytringer

    Open Access•R Ellefsen, Carola Lingaas et al.•ARTICLE•Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning•2025•References: 2

    Du er for mørkhudet til å være her», sa den mannlige norske komikeren til en yngre kvinne og kjent forfatter som han møtte på en bar. Han ble anmeldt til politiet for hatefulle ytringer, og ba om unnskyldning ved å hevde at uttalelsen var et «ekstremt klønete forsøk på å være morsom». Anmeldelsen ble henlagt av statsadvokaten fordi ytringen ikke ble vurdert til å være «kvalifisert krenkende». Men hva betyr egentlig det? I denne artikkelen present…

  • Framveksten av hatkriminalitet som et sosialt problem i Norge: En prosessorientert analyse

    Open Access•R Ellefsen, Kristina Os et al.•ARTICLE•Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning•2026

    I denne artikkelen undersøker vi når, hvorfor og hvordan hatkriminalitet har blitt etablert som et sosialt problem i Norge. Hatkriminalitet er et veletablert internasjonalt forskningsfelt, men det er få norske studier og lite kunnskap om hvorfor handlinger som tidligere ble forstått som noe annet, i dag omtales som hatkriminalitet. Med denne studien søker vi å bidra med slik kunnskap gjennom en kvalitativ prosessorientert analyse som viser hvilke…

Political science (13 works) · Sociology (13 works) · Law (10 works) · Criminology (8 works) · Law (7 works) · Political Conflict and Governance (7 works) · Politics (7 works) · Psychology (5 works) · Social Psychology (5 works) · Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence (5 works)

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