Silje Steinsbekk
Biographic Data
| ID | 5224640 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Silje Steinsbekk |
| GIVEN NAMES | Silje |
| FAMILY NAME | Steinsbekk |
| SIGNATURE | STEINSBEKK S |
| AFFILIATIONS | Norwegian University of Science and Technology |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3306-6642 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 26 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 18 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 26 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Do better working memory and higher intrinsic motivation predict greater math achievement? Disaggregating within-person and between-person effects in a birth cohort followed from age 8 to 16
Intrinsic motivation and working memory are widely recognized as important for math achievement, and prior research suggests that each may be involved in reciprocal processes with achievement over time. However, most research relies on Cross-Lagged Panel Models (CLPMs), which confound within- and between-person effects and may result in ambiguous conclusions about intraindividual change. This study therefore compares results from ordinary CLPMs w…
Social Media Use and the Quality of Family Relationships: A Six-Wave Longitudinal Study of Within-Family Effects from Age 10 to 20
Adolescents and adults spend several hours a day on social media, raising concerns that extensive social media use may negatively affect family life. However, it remains unclear whether social media use is associated with changes in family relationship quality, as prior research has not separated stable between-family differences from within-family prospective effects and has often relied on single-informant data. These limitations risk inflating…
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms in Adolescents: The Relative Contribution of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Metacognitive Beliefs
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) typically develops during adolescence and is one of the most prevalent disorders in youths. However, the remission rates associated with treatments indicate substantial room for improvement. An important next step is to more precisely identify modifiable maintenance factors that can be targeted in treatment. Drawing on research in adults, two theoretical models have gained prominence in informing the conceptuali…
Longitudinal Relations Between Social Media Use and Cyberbullying Victimization Across Adolescence: Within-Person Effects in a Birth Cohort
Cyberbullying involves aggressive behaviors or threats through digital platforms. Youth who are victims of cyberbullying are at risk for a wide range of emotional and behavioral problems. Given the growing role of social media in adolescent life, understanding its relation to cyberbullying is crucial for prevention and policy. Although numerous studies suggest that social media use predicts cyberbullying victimization, methodological shortcomings…
Development and Characteristics of Sexting from Age 14 to 18 Years in a Norwegian Birth Cohort
Sexting, the sending or receiving of sexually explicit texts, images, or videos via technological devices, is common among adolescents. This study examined sexting behaviors in a birth cohort assessed at ages 14, 16, and 18 years (analytical sample: n = 743, 53.7% girls). Results showed receiving sexts was more common than sending them, with frequency increasing with age. Both sending and receiving sexts exhibited significant two-year rank-order …
Digital Gaming and Academic Achievement: Within-Person Relations from Age 10 to 16 in a Norwegian Birth Cohort
The potential impact of gaming on school performance has been widely debated, with displacement, attentional strain, and cognitive enhancement perspectives dominating the field. However, most studies are cross-sectional, limiting causal inference and conflating within- and between-person processes. This study examined bidirectional within-person relations between gaming time and academic achievement using data from 813 children (50.4% boys) asses…
Personality From Age 10 to 16 years. A Four-Wave Cohort Study of Development and Sex Differences in the Big Five and Its Facets
Recent years have witnessed an increased interest in personality development in childhood and adolescence. However, population-based longitudinal studies that examine self-reported personality traits and their facets during these critical developmental periods are scarce. Here, we test the disruption hypothesis, which suggests deviations from standard patterns of personality maturation during adolescence in certain personality domains. Our study …
Reciprocal relations between dimensions of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity and anxiety disorders from preschool age to adolescence: Sex differences in a birth cohort sample
BACKGROUND: Symptoms of anxiety and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are prospectively related from childhood to adolescence. However, whether the two dimensions of ADHD-inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity-are differentially related to anxiety and whether there are developmental and sex/gender differences in these relations are unknown. METHODS: Two birth cohorts of Norwegian children were assessed biennially from ages 4 to 1…
Childhood predictors of avoidant personality disorder traits in adolescence: A seven‐wave birth cohort study
BACKGROUND: Although it is widely assumed that avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) originates in childhood, there is little prospective research to substantiate this claim. We therefore aimed to determine whether presumed childhood risk factors predict AvPD traits at 16 years. METHODS: A population-based sample (n = 1,077; 50.9% female) from the 2003 and 2004 birth cohorts in Trondheim, Norway was examined biennially from 4 to 16 years. The numb…
Psychometric Properties of the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) in Older Norwegian Adolescents
Dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs have been established as a transdiagnostic correlate of anxiety and depression in adults and are considered a central mechanism of persistent emotional distress according to the metacognitive model of psychological disorders. However, the importance of metacognitions for distress and emotional disorder in adolescence is far less researched, and to investigate this further there is a need for reliable and valid …
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: A pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
BACKGROUND: Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. METHODS: ). For school-aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI 2 SD above the median). FINDINGS: From 1990 to 20…
The new social landscape: Relationships among social media use, social skills, and offline friendships from age 10–18 years
Social media has created a new social landscape for adolescents. Knowledge is needed on how this landscape shapes adolescents' social skills and time spent with friends, as these outcomes are important to mental health and psychosocial functioning. Using five waves of biennially collected data from a birth cohort assessed throughout age 10-18 years (n = 812), we found that increased social media use predicted more time with friends offline but wa…
Reciprocal relations between interparental aggression and symptoms of oppositional defiant and conduct disorders: A seven‐wave cohort study of within‐family effects from preschool to adolescence
BACKGROUND: Interparental aggression is believed to increase the risk of behavioral disorders in offspring, and offspring behavioral problems may forecast interparental aggression. However, these assumptions have yet to be put to a strong test. This study, therefore, examined whether increased interparental aggression predicted increased symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) from preschool to adolescence and vi…
Development of symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder from preschool to adolescence: The role of bullying victimization and emotion regulation
BACKGROUND: Childhood oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is associated with adverse outcomes which can continue to impair life well into adulthood. Identifying modifiable etiological factors of ODD is therefore essential. Although bullying victimization and poor emotion regulation are assumed to be risk factors for the development of ODD symptoms, little research has been conducted to test this possibility. METHODS: A sample (n = 1,042) from two…
Emotions or cognitions first? Longitudinal relations between executive functions and emotion regulation in childhood
Executive functions and emotion regulation develop from early childhood to adolescence and are predictive of important psychosocial outcomes. However, despite the correlation between the two regulatory capacities, whether they are prospectively related in school-aged children remains unknown, and the direction of effects is uncertain. In this study, a sample drawn from two birth cohorts in Norway was biennially examined between the ages of 6 and …
Validation of the adult eating behavior questionnaire in a Norwegian sample of adolescents
Eating behaviors are related to health and well-being. To examine stability and change in eating behaviors throughout life, developmentally appropriate measures capturing the same eating behavior dimensions are needed. The newly developed Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire (AEBQ) builds on the well-established parent-reported Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ), and together with the corresponding Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire (…
Social media behaviors and symptoms of anxiety and depression. A four-wave cohort study from age 10–16 years
Background: Concerns have been raised that social media use causes mental health problems in adolescents, but findings are mixed, and effects are typically small. The present inquiry is the first to measure diagnostically-defined symptoms of depression and anxiety, examining whether changes in social media behavior predict changes in levels of symptoms from age 10 to 16, and vice versa. We differentiate between activity related to one's own vs. o…
Social skills and symptoms of anxiety disorders from preschool to adolescence: A prospective cohort study
BACKGROUND: Prior research, mostly cross-sectional or prospective studies with short follow-up periods, has indicated that childhood anxiety is associated with difficulties with social interaction. However, the etiological role of social skills in the development of anxiety in childhood remains unknown. Moreover, it is not known whether childhood anxiety impedes the development of age-appropriate social skills. METHODS: The relation between anxie…
Longitudinal relations between gaming, physical activity, and athletic self-esteem
Youth are increasingly engaged in digital games; while physical activity rates are declining. This study examines whether the amount of time children spend on gaming is related to physical activity and athletic self-esteem. At ages 8, 10, 12, and 14, a community sample of children (n = 751, 379 girls) was interviewed about how often they played digital games, completed questionnaires regarding their athletic self-esteem and wore an accelerometer …
Longitudinal relations between impaired executive function and symptoms of psychiatric disorders in childhood
BACKGROUND: Malfunctioning of executive functions correlates with psychopathology in children. However, the directionality, the extent to which the relation varies for various disorders, and whether prospective relations afford causal interpretations are not known. METHODS: A community sample of Norwegian children (n = 874) was studied biennially from the age of 6 to 14 years. Executive functions were assessed using the Behavior Rating Inventory …
Prevalence and course of anxiety disorders and symptoms from preschool to adolescence: A 6‐wave community study
BACKGROUND: The rate of various anxiety disorders in early childhood and whether they continue into middle childhood or adolescence is not known. We therefore report on the prevalence and stability of DSM-5-defined anxiety disorders and their symptoms, capturing the period from preschool to adolescence. METHODS: By means of interviewer-based clinical interviews, anxiety was measured in a sample of Norwegian children at six measurement points from…
The impact of social media use on appearance self-esteem from childhood to adolescence – A 3-wave community study
Social media users are extensively exposed to photographs displaying idealized self-presentations. This poses a potential threat to youth's appearance self-esteem, but the negative impact may depend upon types of social media engagement. Youth who actively post updates (i.e., self-oriented social media use) may position themselves to receive positive feedback and appearance confirmation and thus show enhanced self-esteem, whereas youths who mostl…
The co‐occurrence between symptoms of internet gaming disorder and psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence: Prospective relations or common causes
BACKGROUND: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is highlighted as a condition for further study in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Some studies indicate that IGD appears comorbid with other psychiatric disorders. We examine concurrent and prospective links between symptoms of IGD and symptoms of common psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence to determine whether observed comorbidity is a resu…
Temperament as a predictor of eating behavior in middle childhood – A fixed effects approach
BACKGROUND: Individual differences in temperament are believed to influence the development of children's eating behavior. This hypothesis has predominantly been tested in cross-sectional designs and important confounders such as genetics and stable parenting factors have not been accounted for. The present study aims to establish more clearly than previous studies if temperament is involved in the etiology of eating behavior in middle childhood.…
Predictors of eating behavior in middle childhood: A hybrid fixed effects model
Children's eating behavior influences energy intake and thus weight through choices of type and amount of food. One type of eating behavior, food responsiveness, defined as eating in response to external cues such as the sight and smell of food, is particularly related to increased caloric intake and weight. Because little is known about the potential determinants of such behavior, we focus herein on child and parent predictors of food responsive…
Temperament as a predictor of eating behavior in middle childhood – A fixed effects approach
BACKGROUND: Individual differences in temperament are believed to influence the development of children's eating behavior. This hypothesis has predominantly been tested in cross-sectional designs and important confounders such as genetics and stable parenting factors have not been accounted for. The present study aims to establish more clearly than previous studies if temperament is involved in the etiology of eating behavior in middle childhood.…
Validation of the adult eating behavior questionnaire in a Norwegian sample of adolescents
Eating behaviors are related to health and well-being. To examine stability and change in eating behaviors throughout life, developmentally appropriate measures capturing the same eating behavior dimensions are needed. The newly developed Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire (AEBQ) builds on the well-established parent-reported Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ), and together with the corresponding Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire (…
Predictors of eating behavior in middle childhood: A hybrid fixed effects model
Children's eating behavior influences energy intake and thus weight through choices of type and amount of food. One type of eating behavior, food responsiveness, defined as eating in response to external cues such as the sight and smell of food, is particularly related to increased caloric intake and weight. Because little is known about the potential determinants of such behavior, we focus herein on child and parent predictors of food responsive…
Impaired parent-reported quality of life in treatment-seeking children with obesity is mediated by high levels of psychopathology
Predictors of eating behavior in middle childhood: A hybrid fixed effects model
Children's eating behavior influences energy intake and thus weight through choices of type and amount of food. One type of eating behavior, food responsiveness, defined as eating in response to external cues such as the sight and smell of food, is particularly related to increased caloric intake and weight. Because little is known about the potential determinants of such behavior, we focus herein on child and parent predictors of food responsive…
The co‐occurrence between symptoms of internet gaming disorder and psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence: Prospective relations or common causes
BACKGROUND: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is highlighted as a condition for further study in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Some studies indicate that IGD appears comorbid with other psychiatric disorders. We examine concurrent and prospective links between symptoms of IGD and symptoms of common psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence to determine whether observed comorbidity is a resu…
Temperament as a predictor of eating behavior in middle childhood – A fixed effects approach
BACKGROUND: Individual differences in temperament are believed to influence the development of children's eating behavior. This hypothesis has predominantly been tested in cross-sectional designs and important confounders such as genetics and stable parenting factors have not been accounted for. The present study aims to establish more clearly than previous studies if temperament is involved in the etiology of eating behavior in middle childhood.…
The impact of social media use on appearance self-esteem from childhood to adolescence – A 3-wave community study
Social media users are extensively exposed to photographs displaying idealized self-presentations. This poses a potential threat to youth's appearance self-esteem, but the negative impact may depend upon types of social media engagement. Youth who actively post updates (i.e., self-oriented social media use) may position themselves to receive positive feedback and appearance confirmation and thus show enhanced self-esteem, whereas youths who mostl…
Longitudinal relations between gaming, physical activity, and athletic self-esteem
Youth are increasingly engaged in digital games; while physical activity rates are declining. This study examines whether the amount of time children spend on gaming is related to physical activity and athletic self-esteem. At ages 8, 10, 12, and 14, a community sample of children (n = 751, 379 girls) was interviewed about how often they played digital games, completed questionnaires regarding their athletic self-esteem and wore an accelerometer …
Longitudinal relations between impaired executive function and symptoms of psychiatric disorders in childhood
BACKGROUND: Malfunctioning of executive functions correlates with psychopathology in children. However, the directionality, the extent to which the relation varies for various disorders, and whether prospective relations afford causal interpretations are not known. METHODS: A community sample of Norwegian children (n = 874) was studied biennially from the age of 6 to 14 years. Executive functions were assessed using the Behavior Rating Inventory …
Prevalence and course of anxiety disorders and symptoms from preschool to adolescence: A 6‐wave community study
BACKGROUND: The rate of various anxiety disorders in early childhood and whether they continue into middle childhood or adolescence is not known. We therefore report on the prevalence and stability of DSM-5-defined anxiety disorders and their symptoms, capturing the period from preschool to adolescence. METHODS: By means of interviewer-based clinical interviews, anxiety was measured in a sample of Norwegian children at six measurement points from…
Social media behaviors and symptoms of anxiety and depression. A four-wave cohort study from age 10–16 years
Background: Concerns have been raised that social media use causes mental health problems in adolescents, but findings are mixed, and effects are typically small. The present inquiry is the first to measure diagnostically-defined symptoms of depression and anxiety, examining whether changes in social media behavior predict changes in levels of symptoms from age 10 to 16, and vice versa. We differentiate between activity related to one's own vs. o…
Social skills and symptoms of anxiety disorders from preschool to adolescence: A prospective cohort study
BACKGROUND: Prior research, mostly cross-sectional or prospective studies with short follow-up periods, has indicated that childhood anxiety is associated with difficulties with social interaction. However, the etiological role of social skills in the development of anxiety in childhood remains unknown. Moreover, it is not known whether childhood anxiety impedes the development of age-appropriate social skills. METHODS: The relation between anxie…
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: A pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
BACKGROUND: Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. METHODS: ). For school-aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI 2 SD above the median). FINDINGS: From 1990 to 20…
The new social landscape: Relationships among social media use, social skills, and offline friendships from age 10–18 years
Social media has created a new social landscape for adolescents. Knowledge is needed on how this landscape shapes adolescents' social skills and time spent with friends, as these outcomes are important to mental health and psychosocial functioning. Using five waves of biennially collected data from a birth cohort assessed throughout age 10-18 years (n = 812), we found that increased social media use predicted more time with friends offline but wa…
Reciprocal relations between interparental aggression and symptoms of oppositional defiant and conduct disorders: A seven‐wave cohort study of within‐family effects from preschool to adolescence
BACKGROUND: Interparental aggression is believed to increase the risk of behavioral disorders in offspring, and offspring behavioral problems may forecast interparental aggression. However, these assumptions have yet to be put to a strong test. This study, therefore, examined whether increased interparental aggression predicted increased symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) from preschool to adolescence and vi…
Development of symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder from preschool to adolescence: The role of bullying victimization and emotion regulation
BACKGROUND: Childhood oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is associated with adverse outcomes which can continue to impair life well into adulthood. Identifying modifiable etiological factors of ODD is therefore essential. Although bullying victimization and poor emotion regulation are assumed to be risk factors for the development of ODD symptoms, little research has been conducted to test this possibility. METHODS: A sample (n = 1,042) from two…
Emotions or cognitions first? Longitudinal relations between executive functions and emotion regulation in childhood
Executive functions and emotion regulation develop from early childhood to adolescence and are predictive of important psychosocial outcomes. However, despite the correlation between the two regulatory capacities, whether they are prospectively related in school-aged children remains unknown, and the direction of effects is uncertain. In this study, a sample drawn from two birth cohorts in Norway was biennially examined between the ages of 6 and …
Validation of the adult eating behavior questionnaire in a Norwegian sample of adolescents
Eating behaviors are related to health and well-being. To examine stability and change in eating behaviors throughout life, developmentally appropriate measures capturing the same eating behavior dimensions are needed. The newly developed Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire (AEBQ) builds on the well-established parent-reported Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ), and together with the corresponding Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire (…
Digital Gaming and Academic Achievement: Within-Person Relations from Age 10 to 16 in a Norwegian Birth Cohort
The potential impact of gaming on school performance has been widely debated, with displacement, attentional strain, and cognitive enhancement perspectives dominating the field. However, most studies are cross-sectional, limiting causal inference and conflating within- and between-person processes. This study examined bidirectional within-person relations between gaming time and academic achievement using data from 813 children (50.4% boys) asses…
Personality From Age 10 to 16 years. A Four-Wave Cohort Study of Development and Sex Differences in the Big Five and Its Facets
Recent years have witnessed an increased interest in personality development in childhood and adolescence. However, population-based longitudinal studies that examine self-reported personality traits and their facets during these critical developmental periods are scarce. Here, we test the disruption hypothesis, which suggests deviations from standard patterns of personality maturation during adolescence in certain personality domains. Our study …
Reciprocal relations between dimensions of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity and anxiety disorders from preschool age to adolescence: Sex differences in a birth cohort sample
BACKGROUND: Symptoms of anxiety and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are prospectively related from childhood to adolescence. However, whether the two dimensions of ADHD-inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity-are differentially related to anxiety and whether there are developmental and sex/gender differences in these relations are unknown. METHODS: Two birth cohorts of Norwegian children were assessed biennially from ages 4 to 1…
Childhood predictors of avoidant personality disorder traits in adolescence: A seven‐wave birth cohort study
BACKGROUND: Although it is widely assumed that avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) originates in childhood, there is little prospective research to substantiate this claim. We therefore aimed to determine whether presumed childhood risk factors predict AvPD traits at 16 years. METHODS: A population-based sample (n = 1,077; 50.9% female) from the 2003 and 2004 birth cohorts in Trondheim, Norway was examined biennially from 4 to 16 years. The numb…
Psychometric Properties of the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) in Older Norwegian Adolescents
Dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs have been established as a transdiagnostic correlate of anxiety and depression in adults and are considered a central mechanism of persistent emotional distress according to the metacognitive model of psychological disorders. However, the importance of metacognitions for distress and emotional disorder in adolescence is far less researched, and to investigate this further there is a need for reliable and valid …
Do better working memory and higher intrinsic motivation predict greater math achievement? Disaggregating within-person and between-person effects in a birth cohort followed from age 8 to 16
Intrinsic motivation and working memory are widely recognized as important for math achievement, and prior research suggests that each may be involved in reciprocal processes with achievement over time. However, most research relies on Cross-Lagged Panel Models (CLPMs), which confound within- and between-person effects and may result in ambiguous conclusions about intraindividual change. This study therefore compares results from ordinary CLPMs w…
Social Media Use and the Quality of Family Relationships: A Six-Wave Longitudinal Study of Within-Family Effects from Age 10 to 20
Adolescents and adults spend several hours a day on social media, raising concerns that extensive social media use may negatively affect family life. However, it remains unclear whether social media use is associated with changes in family relationship quality, as prior research has not separated stable between-family differences from within-family prospective effects and has often relied on single-informant data. These limitations risk inflating…
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms in Adolescents: The Relative Contribution of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Metacognitive Beliefs
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) typically develops during adolescence and is one of the most prevalent disorders in youths. However, the remission rates associated with treatments indicate substantial room for improvement. An important next step is to more precisely identify modifiable maintenance factors that can be targeted in treatment. Drawing on research in adults, two theoretical models have gained prominence in informing the conceptuali…
Longitudinal Relations Between Social Media Use and Cyberbullying Victimization Across Adolescence: Within-Person Effects in a Birth Cohort
Cyberbullying involves aggressive behaviors or threats through digital platforms. Youth who are victims of cyberbullying are at risk for a wide range of emotional and behavioral problems. Given the growing role of social media in adolescent life, understanding its relation to cyberbullying is crucial for prevention and policy. Although numerous studies suggest that social media use predicts cyberbullying victimization, methodological shortcomings…
Psychology (19 works) · Developmental psychology (15 works) · Clinical Psychology (14 works) · Medicine (13 works) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (12 works) · Psychiatry (12 works) · Norwegian (10 works) · Anxiety (9 works) · Impact of Technology on Adolescents (9 works) · Child Development and Digital Technology (7 works)