Lytt I Gardner
Biographic Data
| ID | 5232948 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Lytt I Gardner |
| GIVEN NAMES | Lytt I |
| FAMILY NAME | Gardner |
| SIGNATURE | GARDNER L I |
| AFFILIATIONS | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 21 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 19 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 21 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1979 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Are missed- and kept-visit measures capturing different aspects of retention in HIV primary care
The literature recognizes six measures of retention in care, an integral component of the HIV Continuum of Care. Given prior research showing that different retention measures are differentially associated with HIV health outcomes (e.g., CD4 count and viral suppression), we hypothesized that different groups of people living with HIV (PLWH) would also have differential retention outcomes based on the retention measure applied. We conducted a cros…
Evaluation of a computer-based and counseling support intervention to improve HIV patients’ viral loads
We sought to integrate a brief computer and counseling support intervention into the routine practices of HIV clinics and evaluate effects on patients' viral loads. The project targeted HIV patients in care whose viral loads exceeded 1000 copies/ml at the time of recruitment. Three HIV clinics initiated the intervention immediately, and three other HIV clinics delayed onset for 16 months and served as concurrent controls for evaluating outcomes. …
Evaluating patterns in retention, continuation, gaps, and re-engagement in HIV care in a Medicaid-insured population, 2006–2012, United States
We used the US-based MarketScan(®) Medicaid Multi-state Databases to determine the un-weighted proportion of publically insured persons with HIV that were retained, continued, and re-engaged in care. Persons were followed for up to 84 months. Cox proportional hazards models were conducted to determine factors associated with gaps in care. Of the 6463 HIV cases identified in 2006, 61% were retained during the first 24 months, and 53% continued in …
The Contribution of Missed Clinic Visits to Disparities in HIV Viral Load Outcomes
Objectives. We explored the contribution of missed primary HIV care visits (“no-show”) to observed disparities in virological failure (VF) among Black persons and persons with injection drug use (IDU) history. Methods. We used patient-level data from 6 academic clinics, before the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Health Resources and Services Administration Retention in Care intervention. We employed staged multivariable logistic re…
Measuring Retention in HIV Care: The Elusive Gold Standard
BACKGROUND: Measuring retention in HIV primary care is complex, as care includes multiple visits scheduled at varying intervals over time. We evaluated 6 commonly used retention measures in predicting viral load (VL) suppression and the correlation among measures. METHODS: Clinic-wide patient-level data from 6 academic HIV clinics were used for 12 months preceding implementation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Health Resources a…
Linking recently diagnosed HIV-positive persons to medical care: Perspectives of referring providers
BACKGROUND: quantitative results from clients participating in the Antiretroviral Treatment Access Studies-II (ARTAS-II) intervention have previously been published. The current report provides qualitative data from providers (agency staff who referred clients to ARTAS-II) concerning how the introduction of ARTAS-II case managers affected referrals to HIV care. METHODS: referring providers from agencies that conducted HIV counseling and testing (…
Predictors of time to enter medical care after a new HIV diagnosis: A statewide population-based study
Public health benefits of expanded HIV screening will be adequately realized only if an early diagnosis is followed by prompt linkage to care. We characterized rates and factors associated with failure to enter into medical care within three months of HIV diagnosis and assessed the predictors of time to enter care over a follow-up period of up to 60 months. The study cohort included 3697 South Carolina (SC) residents' ≥13 years who were newly HIV…
Psychosocial Characteristics and Sexual Behaviors of People in Care for HIV Infection: An Examination of Men Who Have Sex with Men, Heterosexual Men and Women
Factors associated with use of HIV primary care among persons recently diagnosed with HIV: Examination of variables from the behavioural model of health-care utilization
The delay between testing positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and entering medical care can be better understood by identifying variables associated with use of HIV primary care among persons recently diagnosed with the virus. We report findings from 270 HIV-positive persons enrolled in the Antiretroviral Treatment Access Study (ARTAS). 74% had not seen an HIV care provider before enrollment; 26% had one prior visit only. Based on And…
Initiating HIV Care: Attitudes and Perceptions of HIV Positive Crack Cocaine Users
Efficacy of a brief case management intervention to link recently diagnosed HIV-infected persons to care
OBJECTIVE: The Antiretroviral Treatment Access Study (ARTAS) assessed a case management intervention to improve linkage to care for persons recently receiving an HIV diagnosis. METHODS: Participants were recently diagnosed HIV-infected persons in Atlanta, Baltimore, Los Angeles and Miami. They were randomized to either standard of care (SOC) passive referral or case management (CM) for linkage to nearby HIV clinics. The SOC arm received informati…
Characteristics of Ryan White and non-Ryan White funded HIV medical care facilities across four metropolitan areas: Results from the antiretroviral treatment and access studies site survey
The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act 1990 (CARE Act) is one of the largest federal programmes funding medical and support services for individuals with HIV disease. Data that report services and gaps in service coverage from the organizational perspective are very limited. The Antiretroviral Treatment and Access Studies included a mail survey of 176 HIV medical care facilities in four US inner cities on clinic characteristics…
Provider barriers to prescribing Haart to medically-eligible HIV-infected drug users
We aimed to identify factors associated with a medical provider's resistance to prescribing HAART to medically-eligible HIV-infected illicit drug users. In four US cities, a mailed, self-administered survey queried 420 HIV care providers about patients' characteristics and barriers to care. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression. Providers identified as resistant to prescribing HAART …
Delivery of HIV Prevention Counseling by Physicians at HIV Medical Care Settings in 4 US Cities
Objectives. We investigated physicians’ delivery of HIV prevention counseling to newly diagnosed and established HIV-positive patients. Methods. A questionnaire was developed and mailed to 417 HIV physicians in 4 US cities. Results. Overall, rates of counseling on the part of physicians were low. Physicians reported counseling newly diagnosed patients more than established patients. Factors associated with increased counseling included having suf…
Test-retest Reliability of a Complex Human Immunodeficiency Virus Research Questionnaire Administered by an Audio Computer-assisted Self-interviewing System
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the test-retest reliability of a complex questionnaire administered by Audio Computer-assisted Self-interviewing to recently diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. METHODS: Thirty-seven English-speaking and 32 Spanish-speaking participants completed both test and retest interviews. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) and kappa (kappa) and weighted kappa (kappa) statistics were obtained for individual qu…
Prescription of and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among Women with Aids
Inpatient morbidity among HIV-infected male soldiers prior to their diagnosis of HIV infection
BACKGROUND. A natural history study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease was carried out among 1575 HIV-infected US Army men and 6220 demographically similar uninfected soldiers. Inpatient morbidity occurring up to 8 years prior to the date of HIV infection diagnosis among those men who became HIV infected was evaluated for both groups. METHODS. Incidence density rates were calculated for hospital admissions. Poisson regression was used …
Response from Dr. Gardner, et al
Response from Dr. Gardner, et al Lytt I. Gardner, Jr., John F. Brundage, and Bruce H. Jones CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.79.8.1057 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Spatial Diffusion of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Epidemic in the United States, 1985–87
We present a geographical analysis of the first 22 months of the Department of Defense's human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening program for military applicants. This analysis concerns four HIV epidemic foci in the United States: New York City; Miami, Florida: Houston, Texas; and San Francisco, California. The cartographic analysis, using a novel smoothing algorithm to stabilize county-based rates, highlights the diffusion of the HIV epidemi…
Prevention of lower extremity stress fractures: A controlled trial of a shock absorbent insole
A prospective controlled trial was carried out to determine the usefulness of a viscoelastic polymer insole in prevention of stress fractures and stress reactions of the lower extremities. The subjects were 3,025 US Marine recruits who were followed for 12 weeks of training at Parris Island, South Carolina. Polymer and standard mesh insoles were systematically distributed in boots that were issued to members of odd and even numbered platoons. The…
Bereavement as an Antecedent Factor in Thyrotoxicosis of Childhood: Four Case Studies with Survey of Possible Metabolic Pathways
Various organic and psychosomatic factors have been postulated over the years as etiologic events antedating the onset of Graves' disease. In some patients psychological events have appeared to be important in the evocation of symptoms. Although examples of the latter have been described in adults for many years, there is little published on this phenomenon in children. The present study delineates findings in two boys and two girls with an age r…
Spatial Diffusion of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Epidemic in the United States, 1985–87
We present a geographical analysis of the first 22 months of the Department of Defense's human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening program for military applicants. This analysis concerns four HIV epidemic foci in the United States: New York City; Miami, Florida: Houston, Texas; and San Francisco, California. The cartographic analysis, using a novel smoothing algorithm to stabilize county-based rates, highlights the diffusion of the HIV epidemi…
Prevention of lower extremity stress fractures: A controlled trial of a shock absorbent insole
A prospective controlled trial was carried out to determine the usefulness of a viscoelastic polymer insole in prevention of stress fractures and stress reactions of the lower extremities. The subjects were 3,025 US Marine recruits who were followed for 12 weeks of training at Parris Island, South Carolina. Polymer and standard mesh insoles were systematically distributed in boots that were issued to members of odd and even numbered platoons. The…
Delivery of HIV Prevention Counseling by Physicians at HIV Medical Care Settings in 4 US Cities
Objectives. We investigated physicians’ delivery of HIV prevention counseling to newly diagnosed and established HIV-positive patients. Methods. A questionnaire was developed and mailed to 417 HIV physicians in 4 US cities. Results. Overall, rates of counseling on the part of physicians were low. Physicians reported counseling newly diagnosed patients more than established patients. Factors associated with increased counseling included having suf…
Bereavement as an Antecedent Factor in Thyrotoxicosis of Childhood: Four Case Studies with Survey of Possible Metabolic Pathways
Various organic and psychosomatic factors have been postulated over the years as etiologic events antedating the onset of Graves' disease. In some patients psychological events have appeared to be important in the evocation of symptoms. Although examples of the latter have been described in adults for many years, there is little published on this phenomenon in children. The present study delineates findings in two boys and two girls with an age r…
Prevention of lower extremity stress fractures: A controlled trial of a shock absorbent insole
A prospective controlled trial was carried out to determine the usefulness of a viscoelastic polymer insole in prevention of stress fractures and stress reactions of the lower extremities. The subjects were 3,025 US Marine recruits who were followed for 12 weeks of training at Parris Island, South Carolina. Polymer and standard mesh insoles were systematically distributed in boots that were issued to members of odd and even numbered platoons. The…
Response from Dr. Gardner, et al
Response from Dr. Gardner, et al Lytt I. Gardner, Jr., John F. Brundage, and Bruce H. Jones CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.79.8.1057 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Spatial Diffusion of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Epidemic in the United States, 1985–87
We present a geographical analysis of the first 22 months of the Department of Defense's human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening program for military applicants. This analysis concerns four HIV epidemic foci in the United States: New York City; Miami, Florida: Houston, Texas; and San Francisco, California. The cartographic analysis, using a novel smoothing algorithm to stabilize county-based rates, highlights the diffusion of the HIV epidemi…
Inpatient morbidity among HIV-infected male soldiers prior to their diagnosis of HIV infection
BACKGROUND. A natural history study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease was carried out among 1575 HIV-infected US Army men and 6220 demographically similar uninfected soldiers. Inpatient morbidity occurring up to 8 years prior to the date of HIV infection diagnosis among those men who became HIV infected was evaluated for both groups. METHODS. Incidence density rates were calculated for hospital admissions. Poisson regression was used …
Prescription of and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among Women with Aids
Test-retest Reliability of a Complex Human Immunodeficiency Virus Research Questionnaire Administered by an Audio Computer-assisted Self-interviewing System
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the test-retest reliability of a complex questionnaire administered by Audio Computer-assisted Self-interviewing to recently diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. METHODS: Thirty-seven English-speaking and 32 Spanish-speaking participants completed both test and retest interviews. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) and kappa (kappa) and weighted kappa (kappa) statistics were obtained for individual qu…
Characteristics of Ryan White and non-Ryan White funded HIV medical care facilities across four metropolitan areas: Results from the antiretroviral treatment and access studies site survey
The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act 1990 (CARE Act) is one of the largest federal programmes funding medical and support services for individuals with HIV disease. Data that report services and gaps in service coverage from the organizational perspective are very limited. The Antiretroviral Treatment and Access Studies included a mail survey of 176 HIV medical care facilities in four US inner cities on clinic characteristics…
Provider barriers to prescribing Haart to medically-eligible HIV-infected drug users
We aimed to identify factors associated with a medical provider's resistance to prescribing HAART to medically-eligible HIV-infected illicit drug users. In four US cities, a mailed, self-administered survey queried 420 HIV care providers about patients' characteristics and barriers to care. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression. Providers identified as resistant to prescribing HAART …
Delivery of HIV Prevention Counseling by Physicians at HIV Medical Care Settings in 4 US Cities
Objectives. We investigated physicians’ delivery of HIV prevention counseling to newly diagnosed and established HIV-positive patients. Methods. A questionnaire was developed and mailed to 417 HIV physicians in 4 US cities. Results. Overall, rates of counseling on the part of physicians were low. Physicians reported counseling newly diagnosed patients more than established patients. Factors associated with increased counseling included having suf…
Efficacy of a brief case management intervention to link recently diagnosed HIV-infected persons to care
OBJECTIVE: The Antiretroviral Treatment Access Study (ARTAS) assessed a case management intervention to improve linkage to care for persons recently receiving an HIV diagnosis. METHODS: Participants were recently diagnosed HIV-infected persons in Atlanta, Baltimore, Los Angeles and Miami. They were randomized to either standard of care (SOC) passive referral or case management (CM) for linkage to nearby HIV clinics. The SOC arm received informati…
Factors associated with use of HIV primary care among persons recently diagnosed with HIV: Examination of variables from the behavioural model of health-care utilization
The delay between testing positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and entering medical care can be better understood by identifying variables associated with use of HIV primary care among persons recently diagnosed with the virus. We report findings from 270 HIV-positive persons enrolled in the Antiretroviral Treatment Access Study (ARTAS). 74% had not seen an HIV care provider before enrollment; 26% had one prior visit only. Based on And…
Initiating HIV Care: Attitudes and Perceptions of HIV Positive Crack Cocaine Users
Psychosocial Characteristics and Sexual Behaviors of People in Care for HIV Infection: An Examination of Men Who Have Sex with Men, Heterosexual Men and Women
Linking recently diagnosed HIV-positive persons to medical care: Perspectives of referring providers
BACKGROUND: quantitative results from clients participating in the Antiretroviral Treatment Access Studies-II (ARTAS-II) intervention have previously been published. The current report provides qualitative data from providers (agency staff who referred clients to ARTAS-II) concerning how the introduction of ARTAS-II case managers affected referrals to HIV care. METHODS: referring providers from agencies that conducted HIV counseling and testing (…
Predictors of time to enter medical care after a new HIV diagnosis: A statewide population-based study
Public health benefits of expanded HIV screening will be adequately realized only if an early diagnosis is followed by prompt linkage to care. We characterized rates and factors associated with failure to enter into medical care within three months of HIV diagnosis and assessed the predictors of time to enter care over a follow-up period of up to 60 months. The study cohort included 3697 South Carolina (SC) residents' ≥13 years who were newly HIV…
Measuring Retention in HIV Care: The Elusive Gold Standard
BACKGROUND: Measuring retention in HIV primary care is complex, as care includes multiple visits scheduled at varying intervals over time. We evaluated 6 commonly used retention measures in predicting viral load (VL) suppression and the correlation among measures. METHODS: Clinic-wide patient-level data from 6 academic HIV clinics were used for 12 months preceding implementation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Health Resources a…
Evaluating patterns in retention, continuation, gaps, and re-engagement in HIV care in a Medicaid-insured population, 2006–2012, United States
We used the US-based MarketScan(®) Medicaid Multi-state Databases to determine the un-weighted proportion of publically insured persons with HIV that were retained, continued, and re-engaged in care. Persons were followed for up to 84 months. Cox proportional hazards models were conducted to determine factors associated with gaps in care. Of the 6463 HIV cases identified in 2006, 61% were retained during the first 24 months, and 53% continued in …
The Contribution of Missed Clinic Visits to Disparities in HIV Viral Load Outcomes
Objectives. We explored the contribution of missed primary HIV care visits (“no-show”) to observed disparities in virological failure (VF) among Black persons and persons with injection drug use (IDU) history. Methods. We used patient-level data from 6 academic clinics, before the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Health Resources and Services Administration Retention in Care intervention. We employed staged multivariable logistic re…
Evaluation of a computer-based and counseling support intervention to improve HIV patients’ viral loads
We sought to integrate a brief computer and counseling support intervention into the routine practices of HIV clinics and evaluate effects on patients' viral loads. The project targeted HIV patients in care whose viral loads exceeded 1000 copies/ml at the time of recruitment. Three HIV clinics initiated the intervention immediately, and three other HIV clinics delayed onset for 16 months and served as concurrent controls for evaluating outcomes. …
Are missed- and kept-visit measures capturing different aspects of retention in HIV primary care
The literature recognizes six measures of retention in care, an integral component of the HIV Continuum of Care. Given prior research showing that different retention measures are differentially associated with HIV health outcomes (e.g., CD4 count and viral suppression), we hypothesized that different groups of people living with HIV (PLWH) would also have differential retention outcomes based on the retention measure applied. We conducted a cros…
Medicine (21 works) · Family medicine (16 works) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (16 works) · HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk (12 works) · Internal Medicine (9 works) · HIV Research and Treatment (7 works) · Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (7 works) · Psychiatry (7 works) · HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment (6 works) · Demography (5 works)