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David W Lankshear

Biographic Data

ID5240151
NAMEDavid W Lankshear
GIVEN NAMESDavid W
FAMILY NAMELankshear
SIGNATURELANKSHEAR D W
AFFILIATIONSUniversity of Warwick
ORCID0000-0002-9891-0779
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS29
TOTAL CITATIONS9
AUTHOR COUNT29
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR1991
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX2
  • The psychological type profile of young adult members of the Student Christian Movement compared with church congregations

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Beliefs and Values•2026

    The Student Christian Movement positions itself among students as exploring the Christian faith in ways that are progressive, inclusive and radical. Drawing on psychological type theory and temperament theory, together with data provided by 129 female and 68 male young adults associated with the movement, this study illustrates how the profiles of these young men and women differ from the profiles of the men and women found in church congregation…

  • Religious affect and personality among 9- to 13-year-old children in the Republic of Ireland

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear et al.•ARTICLE•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2024

    This study builds on earlier research locating individual differences in religious affect within the three dimensional space proposed by Eysenck. The 18-item Junior Personality Scales in Three Dimensions (JPS3D) were designed to refine Eysenck’s conceptualisation of the three dimensions of personality and to improve measurement of these dimensions among children by employing a five-point rating scale. Data provided by 1048 students in fourth clas…

  • Comparing the attitudes of Muslim and Christian year 5 and 6 students within four Anglican primary schools in Wales

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear et al.•ARTICLE•British Journal of Religious…•2022

    This paper set out to explore and to compare the experiences and attitudes of self-identified Muslim students (N = 84) and self-identified Christian students (N = 87) attending the same Anglican primary schools in Wales within the context of the Student Voice Project. The data identified two distinct attitudinal trajectories, one assessed by the Scale of Attitude toward my School and the other assessed by the Scale of Attitude toward Religion in …

  • Introducing the Junior Spiritual Health Scale (JSHS)

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of Children…•2021

    This study describes the developing and testing of a measure of spiritual health accessible to 8- to 11-year-old students that is consistent with the four-domain model as operationalised by Fisher’s family of measures, but avoids explicit religious or theistic content. Data generated by 4,803 students in Wales confirm the rotated four-factor structure of the new 12-item measure and also the coherence of employing the total scale score as a unidim…

  • Assessing the impact of the student voice project on shaping the ethos of Anglican primary schools

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Beliefs and Values•2021

    Inspection criteria for schools with a religious character in England and Wales require the sponsoring body to arrange assessment on aspects of the distinctiveness of the school ethos. The Student Voice Project was designed to include year-five and year-six students in this process. Within the Diocese of Llandaff, the Diocesan Director of Education utilised the customised reports prepared at the end of the first year of the survey for schools par…

  • What helps young Christians grow in discipleship? Exploring connections between discipleship pathways and psychological type

    Leslie J Francis, Bruce G Fawcett et al.•ARTICLE•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2021

    Drawing on data provided by 299 12- to 18-year-old Baptists attending a week-long summer programme of the Canadian Baptists of Atlantic Canada, the study explores the connections between personal factors (age and sex), psychological factors (introversion, sensing, feeling, and judging), and contextual factors (church support and challenges to faith), four discipleship pathways (group activities, individual experiences, church worship, and public …

  • Sustaining churchgoing young Anglicans in England and Wales

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Beliefs and Values•2020

    Responding to the problem facing the Church of England, as identified by the Church Growth Research Programme, regarding sustaining churchgoing young Anglicans, and also responding to the Renewal and Reform agenda to address this problem, the present study discusses the roles of three agencies in delivering effective Christian education and Christian formation: local churches, local schools, and the home. Building on a fruitful stream of research…

  • Work-related psychological health and psychological type

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Research Papers in Education•2019•Cited by: 2•References: 36

    This study examines the connection between the balanced-affect model of work-related psychological health and psychological type among a sample of 260 primary school teachers in Wales. This sample of teachers comprised more extraverts (59%) than introverts (41%), more sensing types (77%) than intuitive types (23%), more feeling types (60%) than thinking types (40%) and more judging types (90%) than perceiving types (10%). The data demonstrated th…

  • What Helps Christians Grow? An Exploratory Study Distinguishing among Four Distinctive Pathways

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, Simon Foster et al.•ARTICLE•Pastoral Psychology•2019•References: 1

  • Modelling the effect of worship attendance and personal prayer on spiritual well-being among 9- to 11-year-old students attending Anglican church schools in Wales

    Leslie J Francis, John Fisher et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of Children…•2018

    This study employs a modified form of the Fisher 16-item Feeling Good, Living Life measure of spiritual well-being (assessing quality of relationships across four domains: self, family, nature and God) among a sample of 1,328 students drawn from year five and year six classes within Church in Wales primary schools, alongside measures of frequency of worship attendance and frequency of personal prayer. The data demonstrate frequency of personal pr…

  • Evaluating the pilot Narnian Virtues Character Education English Curriculum Project

    Leslie J Francis, Mark A Pike et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Beliefs and Values•2018

    In order to evaluate the impact of the pilot Narnian Virtues Character Education English Curriculum Project, a pilot sample of 86 year 7 and year 8 students (11 to 13 years of age) completed a battery of tests both before and after participating for six weeks in the programme. The battery of tests comprised 12 Narnian Character Virtue Scales (NCVS) (to assess the degree to which students saw themselves as behaving virtuously), the Knowledge Index…

  • Conceptualising and testing the Narnian Character Virtue Scales

    Leslie J Francis, Mark A Pike et al.•ARTICLE•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2017

    This paper sets out to examine and to operationalise 12 key character virtues identified within C. S. Lewis’ Narnian texts: courage, curiosity, forgiveness, fortitude, gratitude, hard work, humility, integrity, justice, love, self-control, and wisdom. A pilot study among 56 year eight students (12–13 years of age) generated nine five-item instruments displaying adequate internal consistency reliability, and suggested ways in which the other three…

  • The internal consistency reliability and construct validity of the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity among 8- to 11-year-old students in Wales

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear et al.•ARTICLE•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2017

    The Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity was designed in the mid-1970s to assess individual differences in attitude through childhood, adolescence, and adulthood from the age of 8 years upwards. This study examines the internal consistency reliability, factor structure, and construct validity of the instrument 40 years later among 1511 year 4 students (8–9 years), 1544 year 5 students (9–10 years), and 1526 year 6 students (10–11 years) …

  • Inside Southwark Cathedral

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Journal of Beliefs and Values•2015

    This study draws on religious orientation theory, as proposed by Allport and Ross and extended by Batson and Ventis to profile the motivational style of 266 participants attending the Sunday services at Southwark Cathedral who completed the New Indices of Religious Orientation. Compared with data gathered from three other cathedrals published by Francis and Williams, participants at Southwark Cathedral recorded higher levels of quest-style motiva…

  • Introducing the Congregational Bonding Social Capital Scale

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Journal of Beliefs and Values•2015

    As social capital theory comes to play a part in quantitative congregational studies, so there is the need for established and tested measures of different forms of social capital to be available for inclusion in surveys. This article reports on the psychometric properties of the newly proposed Congregational Bonding Social Capital Scale (CBSCS) tested among 23,884 adult churchgoers throughout the Anglican Diocese of Southwark in south London. Th…

  • Inside Southwark Cathedral

    David W Lankshear, Leslie J Francis•ARTICLE•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2015

    A series of recent studies have begun to map the psychological-type profile of Anglican churchgoers in England and Wales. This study sets the profile of 120 men and 161 women attending Sunday services in Southwark Cathedral against the profile of 1169 men and 2135 women attending Anglican parish churches. These data found a significantly higher proportion of intuitive types and thinking types within the cathedral congregation and a significantly …

  • Defining and Measuring the Contribution of Anglican Secondary Schools to Students’ Religious, Personal and Social Values

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Empirical Theology•2014

    The involvement of the Christian Churches within a state-maintained system of schools, as in the case of England and Wales, raises interesting and important questions regarding the concept of religion employed in this context and regarding defining and measuring the influence exerted by schools with a religious character on the students who attend such schools. Since the foundation of the National Society in 1811, Anglican schools have provided a…

  • The Influence of the Charismatic Movement on Local Church Life

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Contemporary Religion•2000•Cited by: 1

    (2000). The Influence of the Charismatic Movement on Local Church Life: A Comparative Study among Anglican Rural, Urban and Suburban Churches. Journal of Contemporary Religion: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 121-130

  • Personality and Preference for Rural Ministry Among Male Anglican Clergy

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Pastoral Psychology•1998•Cited by: 1•References: 11

  • The Rural Church Is Different

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Journal of Empirical Theology•1997

    This paper explores the different approaches to confirmation displayed by samples of 1,553 rural churches, 983 urban churches and 584 suburban churches. The data demonstrate four distinctive features of confirmation in rural churches. There is a considerably higher number of confirmands per capita of the population. There is a higher proportion of male confirmands. There is a higher proportion of pre-teenage and teenage confirmands. The confirmat…

  • The Comparative Strength of Evangelical and Catholic Anglican Churches in England

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Journal of Empirical Theology•1996

    This study employs path analysis to examine the strength of Evangelical and Catholic Anglican churches in England in three samples: 1,553 churches in villages and rural communities, 983 churches in urban communities and 584 churches in suburban communities. The data demonstrate the comparative strength of Evangelical churches and the comparative weakness of Catholic churches in all three environments. These findings confirm recent theoretical dis…

  • Survey Response Rate as a Function of Age

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1994

    A detailed questionnaire was mailed to 3,510 Anglican clergy with active responsibility for churches. Analyses showed a lower response rate among older clergy

  • Deployment of Ageing Clergy within the Church of England

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1994

    A new study of 3,510 Church of England clergy indicates that older clergy are more likely to be appointed to rural and multiparish benefices in spite of a tendency for older clergy to be less effective in this situation

  • Christian Perspectives on Church Schools

    Jeff Astley, Leslie J Francis et al.•ARTICLE•British Journal of Educational…•1994

  • Asking about Baptism

    Leslie J Francis, Leslie Francis et al.•ARTICLE•The Modern Churchman•1993

Next
  • The rural rectory

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Journal of Rural Studies•1992•Cited by: 4•References: 1

  • Work-related psychological health and psychological type

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Research Papers in Education•2019•Cited by: 2•References: 36

    This study examines the connection between the balanced-affect model of work-related psychological health and psychological type among a sample of 260 primary school teachers in Wales. This sample of teachers comprised more extraverts (59%) than introverts (41%), more sensing types (77%) than intuitive types (23%), more feeling types (60%) than thinking types (40%) and more judging types (90%) than perceiving types (10%). The data demonstrated th…

  • The Influence of the Charismatic Movement on Local Church Life

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Contemporary Religion•2000•Cited by: 1

    (2000). The Influence of the Charismatic Movement on Local Church Life: A Comparative Study among Anglican Rural, Urban and Suburban Churches. Journal of Contemporary Religion: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 121-130

  • Personality and Preference for Rural Ministry Among Male Anglican Clergy

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Pastoral Psychology•1998•Cited by: 1•References: 11

  • Ageing Anglican Clergy and Performance Indicators in the Rural Church, Compared with the Suburban Church

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Ageing and Society•1993•Cited by: 1•References: 90

    This study employs path analysis to examine the relationship between clergy age and certain quantitative indices of church life in two samples: a sample of 1,553 villages and rural communities, ranging in size from 251 to 1,250 inhabitants and a sample of 584 suburban parishes. The data indicate that clergy aged sixty or over working in rural parishes tend to have contact with a smaller number of active church members, as indicated by attendance …

  • Shared Pilgrimage

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Journal of Empirical Theology•1991

    This study examines the theory promoted by the recent Church of England report Children in the Way that active work among children sustains and enhances church life among adults, by measuring the relationship between the presence of active children's work and indices of adult church membership in a sample of 1,570 non-rural parishes ranging in size from 2,000 to 15,000 inhabitants. After controlling for the influence of population size, the numbe…

  • The rural rectory

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Journal of Rural Studies•1992•Cited by: 4•References: 1

  • Asking about Baptism

    Leslie J Francis, Leslie Francis et al.•ARTICLE•The Modern Churchman•1993

  • Changing Trends in Anglican Confirmation

    David W Lankshear, Leslie J Francis•ARTICLE•Journal of Empirical Theology•1993

    This paper explores in detail the changing trends in candidates presented for confirmation throughout one Church of England diocese between 1981 and 1989 and models the implications of these trends against indicators of local church life and church growth. It is evident from these data that confirmation has ceased to be a rite celebrated primarily during the teenage years, that emphasis on confirmation during the pre-teenage years tends to be ass…

  • Ageing Anglican Clergy and Performance Indicators in the Rural Church, Compared with the Suburban Church

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Ageing and Society•1993•Cited by: 1•References: 90

    This study employs path analysis to examine the relationship between clergy age and certain quantitative indices of church life in two samples: a sample of 1,553 villages and rural communities, ranging in size from 251 to 1,250 inhabitants and a sample of 584 suburban parishes. The data indicate that clergy aged sixty or over working in rural parishes tend to have contact with a smaller number of active church members, as indicated by attendance …

  • Survey Response Rate as a Function of Age

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1994

    A detailed questionnaire was mailed to 3,510 Anglican clergy with active responsibility for churches. Analyses showed a lower response rate among older clergy

  • Deployment of Ageing Clergy within the Church of England

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Psychological Reports•1994

    A new study of 3,510 Church of England clergy indicates that older clergy are more likely to be appointed to rural and multiparish benefices in spite of a tendency for older clergy to be less effective in this situation

  • Christian Perspectives on Church Schools

    Jeff Astley, Leslie J Francis et al.•ARTICLE•British Journal of Educational…•1994

  • The Comparative Strength of Evangelical and Catholic Anglican Churches in England

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Journal of Empirical Theology•1996

    This study employs path analysis to examine the strength of Evangelical and Catholic Anglican churches in England in three samples: 1,553 churches in villages and rural communities, 983 churches in urban communities and 584 churches in suburban communities. The data demonstrate the comparative strength of Evangelical churches and the comparative weakness of Catholic churches in all three environments. These findings confirm recent theoretical dis…

  • The Rural Church Is Different

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Journal of Empirical Theology•1997

    This paper explores the different approaches to confirmation displayed by samples of 1,553 rural churches, 983 urban churches and 584 suburban churches. The data demonstrate four distinctive features of confirmation in rural churches. There is a considerably higher number of confirmands per capita of the population. There is a higher proportion of male confirmands. There is a higher proportion of pre-teenage and teenage confirmands. The confirmat…

  • Personality and Preference for Rural Ministry Among Male Anglican Clergy

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Pastoral Psychology•1998•Cited by: 1•References: 11

  • The Influence of the Charismatic Movement on Local Church Life

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Contemporary Religion•2000•Cited by: 1

    (2000). The Influence of the Charismatic Movement on Local Church Life: A Comparative Study among Anglican Rural, Urban and Suburban Churches. Journal of Contemporary Religion: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 121-130

  • Defining and Measuring the Contribution of Anglican Secondary Schools to Students’ Religious, Personal and Social Values

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Empirical Theology•2014

    The involvement of the Christian Churches within a state-maintained system of schools, as in the case of England and Wales, raises interesting and important questions regarding the concept of religion employed in this context and regarding defining and measuring the influence exerted by schools with a religious character on the students who attend such schools. Since the foundation of the National Society in 1811, Anglican schools have provided a…

  • Inside Southwark Cathedral

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Journal of Beliefs and Values•2015

    This study draws on religious orientation theory, as proposed by Allport and Ross and extended by Batson and Ventis to profile the motivational style of 266 participants attending the Sunday services at Southwark Cathedral who completed the New Indices of Religious Orientation. Compared with data gathered from three other cathedrals published by Francis and Williams, participants at Southwark Cathedral recorded higher levels of quest-style motiva…

  • Introducing the Congregational Bonding Social Capital Scale

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Journal of Beliefs and Values•2015

    As social capital theory comes to play a part in quantitative congregational studies, so there is the need for established and tested measures of different forms of social capital to be available for inclusion in surveys. This article reports on the psychometric properties of the newly proposed Congregational Bonding Social Capital Scale (CBSCS) tested among 23,884 adult churchgoers throughout the Anglican Diocese of Southwark in south London. Th…

  • Inside Southwark Cathedral

    David W Lankshear, Leslie J Francis•ARTICLE•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2015

    A series of recent studies have begun to map the psychological-type profile of Anglican churchgoers in England and Wales. This study sets the profile of 120 men and 161 women attending Sunday services in Southwark Cathedral against the profile of 1169 men and 2135 women attending Anglican parish churches. These data found a significantly higher proportion of intuitive types and thinking types within the cathedral congregation and a significantly …

  • Conceptualising and testing the Narnian Character Virtue Scales

    Leslie J Francis, Mark A Pike et al.•ARTICLE•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2017

    This paper sets out to examine and to operationalise 12 key character virtues identified within C. S. Lewis’ Narnian texts: courage, curiosity, forgiveness, fortitude, gratitude, hard work, humility, integrity, justice, love, self-control, and wisdom. A pilot study among 56 year eight students (12–13 years of age) generated nine five-item instruments displaying adequate internal consistency reliability, and suggested ways in which the other three…

  • The internal consistency reliability and construct validity of the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity among 8- to 11-year-old students in Wales

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear et al.•ARTICLE•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2017

    The Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity was designed in the mid-1970s to assess individual differences in attitude through childhood, adolescence, and adulthood from the age of 8 years upwards. This study examines the internal consistency reliability, factor structure, and construct validity of the instrument 40 years later among 1511 year 4 students (8–9 years), 1544 year 5 students (9–10 years), and 1526 year 6 students (10–11 years) …

  • Modelling the effect of worship attendance and personal prayer on spiritual well-being among 9- to 11-year-old students attending Anglican church schools in Wales

    Leslie J Francis, John Fisher et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of Children…•2018

    This study employs a modified form of the Fisher 16-item Feeling Good, Living Life measure of spiritual well-being (assessing quality of relationships across four domains: self, family, nature and God) among a sample of 1,328 students drawn from year five and year six classes within Church in Wales primary schools, alongside measures of frequency of worship attendance and frequency of personal prayer. The data demonstrate frequency of personal pr…

  • Evaluating the pilot Narnian Virtues Character Education English Curriculum Project

    Leslie J Francis, Mark A Pike et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Beliefs and Values•2018

    In order to evaluate the impact of the pilot Narnian Virtues Character Education English Curriculum Project, a pilot sample of 86 year 7 and year 8 students (11 to 13 years of age) completed a battery of tests both before and after participating for six weeks in the programme. The battery of tests comprised 12 Narnian Character Virtue Scales (NCVS) (to assess the degree to which students saw themselves as behaving virtuously), the Knowledge Index…

  • Work-related psychological health and psychological type

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear•ARTICLE•Research Papers in Education•2019•Cited by: 2•References: 36

    This study examines the connection between the balanced-affect model of work-related psychological health and psychological type among a sample of 260 primary school teachers in Wales. This sample of teachers comprised more extraverts (59%) than introverts (41%), more sensing types (77%) than intuitive types (23%), more feeling types (60%) than thinking types (40%) and more judging types (90%) than perceiving types (10%). The data demonstrated th…

  • What Helps Christians Grow? An Exploratory Study Distinguishing among Four Distinctive Pathways

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, Simon Foster et al.•ARTICLE•Pastoral Psychology•2019•References: 1

  • Sustaining churchgoing young Anglicans in England and Wales

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Beliefs and Values•2020

    Responding to the problem facing the Church of England, as identified by the Church Growth Research Programme, regarding sustaining churchgoing young Anglicans, and also responding to the Renewal and Reform agenda to address this problem, the present study discusses the roles of three agencies in delivering effective Christian education and Christian formation: local churches, local schools, and the home. Building on a fruitful stream of research…

  • Introducing the Junior Spiritual Health Scale (JSHS)

    Open Access•Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear et al.•ARTICLE•International Journal of Children…•2021

    This study describes the developing and testing of a measure of spiritual health accessible to 8- to 11-year-old students that is consistent with the four-domain model as operationalised by Fisher’s family of measures, but avoids explicit religious or theistic content. Data generated by 4,803 students in Wales confirm the rotated four-factor structure of the new 12-item measure and also the coherence of employing the total scale score as a unidim…

  • Assessing the impact of the student voice project on shaping the ethos of Anglican primary schools

    Leslie J Francis, David W Lankshear et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Beliefs and Values•2021

    Inspection criteria for schools with a religious character in England and Wales require the sponsoring body to arrange assessment on aspects of the distinctiveness of the school ethos. The Student Voice Project was designed to include year-five and year-six students in this process. Within the Diocese of Llandaff, the Diocesan Director of Education utilised the customised reports prepared at the end of the first year of the survey for schools par…

Psychology (18 works) · Social Psychology (17 works) · Sociology (16 works) · Religion, Society, and Development (14 works) · Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology (13 works) · Philosophy (10 works) · Political science (10 works) · Geography (9 works) · Law (9 works) · Theology (9 works)

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