Howard Cox
Biographic Data
| ID | 5244366 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Howard Cox |
| GIVEN NAMES | Howard |
| FAMILY NAME | Cox |
| SIGNATURE | COX H |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Worcester |
| ORCID | 0009-0005-3988-8005 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 23 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1989 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Worcester as a Pioneering Provincial Centre of Medical Publishing and Reform, 1828–1854
The fact that Worcester Infirmary provided the location for the founding of the Provincial (later British) Medical Association has long been commemorated as a highlight of the city’s history. This paper seeks to extend our understanding of the significance of this event by placing it in the broader historical context of the campaign for medical reform. In doing so, the paper links together the origins and early activities of the Association with …
Nan Enstad. Cigarettes, Inc
In Cigarettes, Inc., Nan Enstad presents an engaging people-centered history of the international growth of bright tobacco cultivation and cigarette manufacturing and distribution. The book is written as a series of linked essays rather than as a narrative account, and it incorporates a broad range of ideas. The research draws on a wide pool of source materials with a particular emphasis on personal testimony, which is used to effectively penetra…
Good war/bad war
This paper uses the distinction that has been developed within organizational studies between collected memory and collective memory to explore and contrast the nature of one multinational company’s organizational memory of World War I and World War II. Although the British American Tobacco Company (BAT) experienced severe upheavals as a result of each of the two global military conflagrations of the twentieth century, this paper argues that in t…
Horatio Bottomley and the Rise of John Bull Magazine
This paper emphasises the significance of John Bull magazine as part of the media history narrative of Britain in the period leading up to World War I. Launched by Horatio Bottomley in 1906, the magazine was able to generate a significant readership among working class men by offering an appealing mixture of topical political, social and economic content in a relatively high quality penny magazine. The magazine’s success in this period is partly …
The international distribution of news
In his account of the international distribution of news in the period between 1848 and 1947 Jonathan Silberstein-Loeb has provided a scholarly and meticulously researched history of the early grow
Revolutions from Grub Street
This book provides a study of magazine publishing in Britain from the perspective of the entrepreneurs and commercial enterprises that created its history. Convulsed by social, political, and technological revolutions, the industry has proved both adaptable and resilient. Using a range of source materials, the study traces magazine production from the earliest examples of individuals seeking to earn their living as Grub Street hacks, hawking popu…
How Scottish & Newcastle Became the U.K.'s Largest Brewer
Firms engage in a multitude of interactions with the external environment, most critically with government and its regulatory agencies. Despite an extensive literature on “regulatory capture,” little attention has been paid to the interactions between merging firms and competition authorities. Yet the possibility of capture exists where there is a recurring series of merger investigations of one firm by the same authority. This analysis of the im…
Vogue in Britain
By 1914 the leading British magazine publishers had successfully launched a range of popular weekly titles for female readers which focused on everyday women's fashions. In contrast, the British operations of American publishers Hearst and Condé Nast sought to develop high-quality magazines designed to attract affluent consumers – and the advertisers who sought to reach these readers. This paper argues that the success of Condé Nast's Vogue depen…
Global electrification
Technological change and forms of innovation in consumer magazine publishing
This paper presents the results of research undertaken between 2002 and 2004 into the impact of technological change on the UK consumer magazine industry. The findings highlight patterns of innovation, both in the range of products (most notably monthly magazine titles) and the structure of organisations and work practices, which have tended to elude much of the contemporary debate within the ‘cultural industries’ approach adopted in the media st…
Shaping a corporate identity from below
Existing studies that have explored the use of company journals as a mode of corporate communication during the early 20th century have invariably adopted an instrumentalist view of these publications. Company journals have been seen as a means of projecting to employees a top-down view of organizations. This article identifies a counter-example in which the origins of a company journal, the BAT Bulletin, are seen to arise as the result of an ini…
Business on trial
The prosecution and imprisonment of Lord Kylsant in 1931, following the collapse of the Royal Mail Shipping Group, has long been acknowledged as a landmark event in the history of financial accounting. Far less attention has been given to the equally high profile conviction and imprisonment of three businessmen four years later in the wake of the notorious pepper scandal. This article examines the background to the scandal, particularly the role …
Compradors, Firm Architecture and the ‘Reinvention’ of British Trading Companies
This article provides a critical examination of the way in which Britain's trading firms coped with radical changes in local business conditions. Recent work by Jones has shown that a small number of such companies successfully 'reinvented' themselves in the post-war period. Using evidence drawn from the archives of one of these firms, John Swire & Sons, the article shows that this process of reinvention came about as a result of the firm's willi…
The Global Cigarette
This chapter sums up the key findings of this study concerning the origin and evolution of BAT Co. as a global cigarette company. This study provides an opportunity to explore the evolution of a pioneering multinational corporation and to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the international management system it created. It is particularly enlightening because the cigarette industry is one the first lines of business where manufacturing compan…
The Global Cigarette
"The Global Cigarette charts the way in which innovations in manufacturing and marketing methods led to the formation in 1902 of the British American Tobacco Co. as an Anglo-American multinational joint venture designed to promote cigarettes in international markets." "Based on archive materials from a wide variety of sources, including the company's own internal records, this book provides the first authoritative account of BAT's evolution and g…
Maintaining Global Leadership
This chapter discusses the success and challenges faced by BAT Co. in maintaining its global leadership in the cigarette industry during the 1920s. When the First World War ended, the company's top management was divided between Britain and America, and to resolve the issue British corporate director Hugo Cunliffe-Owen has mediated between the two camps. When he was appointed as chairman in 1923, Cunliffe-Owen strengthened, instead of marginalizi…
The Changing Nature of Sino-Foreign Business Relationships, 1842-1941
During the second half of the nineteenth century, foreign business enterprises relied considerably upon the service of compradors to extend their economic interests in the Chinese economy. Utilised initially to overcome the barriers presented by language difficulties, compradors were employed by western firms to undertake a variety of tasks covering both supervisory and co-ordination functions. With the growth of industrial interest by foreign bu…
Learning to do Business in China
This article traces the development of BAT's cigarette distribution network in China. It demonstrates that BAT utilised the connections that expatriate managing agencies had developed with Chinese merchants in the treaty port economy of Shangai during the late nineteenth century, and shows how these linkages were subsequently developed into a distribution network to serve the whole of China. The keys to the success of BAT's selling organisation i…
International business, the state and industrialisation in India
Growth and Ownership in the International Tobacco Industry
How Scottish & Newcastle Became the U.K.'s Largest Brewer
Firms engage in a multitude of interactions with the external environment, most critically with government and its regulatory agencies. Despite an extensive literature on “regulatory capture,” little attention has been paid to the interactions between merging firms and competition authorities. Yet the possibility of capture exists where there is a recurring series of merger investigations of one firm by the same authority. This analysis of the im…
Compradors, Firm Architecture and the ‘Reinvention’ of British Trading Companies
This article provides a critical examination of the way in which Britain's trading firms coped with radical changes in local business conditions. Recent work by Jones has shown that a small number of such companies successfully 'reinvented' themselves in the post-war period. Using evidence drawn from the archives of one of these firms, John Swire & Sons, the article shows that this process of reinvention came about as a result of the firm's willi…
Growth and Ownership in the International Tobacco Industry
Vogue in Britain
By 1914 the leading British magazine publishers had successfully launched a range of popular weekly titles for female readers which focused on everyday women's fashions. In contrast, the British operations of American publishers Hearst and Condé Nast sought to develop high-quality magazines designed to attract affluent consumers – and the advertisers who sought to reach these readers. This paper argues that the success of Condé Nast's Vogue depen…
Horatio Bottomley and the Rise of John Bull Magazine
This paper emphasises the significance of John Bull magazine as part of the media history narrative of Britain in the period leading up to World War I. Launched by Horatio Bottomley in 1906, the magazine was able to generate a significant readership among working class men by offering an appealing mixture of topical political, social and economic content in a relatively high quality penny magazine. The magazine’s success in this period is partly …
Shaping a corporate identity from below
Existing studies that have explored the use of company journals as a mode of corporate communication during the early 20th century have invariably adopted an instrumentalist view of these publications. Company journals have been seen as a means of projecting to employees a top-down view of organizations. This article identifies a counter-example in which the origins of a company journal, the BAT Bulletin, are seen to arise as the result of an ini…
Business on trial
The prosecution and imprisonment of Lord Kylsant in 1931, following the collapse of the Royal Mail Shipping Group, has long been acknowledged as a landmark event in the history of financial accounting. Far less attention has been given to the equally high profile conviction and imprisonment of three businessmen four years later in the wake of the notorious pepper scandal. This article examines the background to the scandal, particularly the role …
Growth and Ownership in the International Tobacco Industry
International business, the state and industrialisation in India
Learning to do Business in China
This article traces the development of BAT's cigarette distribution network in China. It demonstrates that BAT utilised the connections that expatriate managing agencies had developed with Chinese merchants in the treaty port economy of Shangai during the late nineteenth century, and shows how these linkages were subsequently developed into a distribution network to serve the whole of China. The keys to the success of BAT's selling organisation i…
The Global Cigarette
This chapter sums up the key findings of this study concerning the origin and evolution of BAT Co. as a global cigarette company. This study provides an opportunity to explore the evolution of a pioneering multinational corporation and to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the international management system it created. It is particularly enlightening because the cigarette industry is one the first lines of business where manufacturing compan…
The Global Cigarette
"The Global Cigarette charts the way in which innovations in manufacturing and marketing methods led to the formation in 1902 of the British American Tobacco Co. as an Anglo-American multinational joint venture designed to promote cigarettes in international markets." "Based on archive materials from a wide variety of sources, including the company's own internal records, this book provides the first authoritative account of BAT's evolution and g…
Maintaining Global Leadership
This chapter discusses the success and challenges faced by BAT Co. in maintaining its global leadership in the cigarette industry during the 1920s. When the First World War ended, the company's top management was divided between Britain and America, and to resolve the issue British corporate director Hugo Cunliffe-Owen has mediated between the two camps. When he was appointed as chairman in 1923, Cunliffe-Owen strengthened, instead of marginalizi…
The Changing Nature of Sino-Foreign Business Relationships, 1842-1941
During the second half of the nineteenth century, foreign business enterprises relied considerably upon the service of compradors to extend their economic interests in the Chinese economy. Utilised initially to overcome the barriers presented by language difficulties, compradors were employed by western firms to undertake a variety of tasks covering both supervisory and co-ordination functions. With the growth of industrial interest by foreign bu…
Compradors, Firm Architecture and the ‘Reinvention’ of British Trading Companies
This article provides a critical examination of the way in which Britain's trading firms coped with radical changes in local business conditions. Recent work by Jones has shown that a small number of such companies successfully 'reinvented' themselves in the post-war period. Using evidence drawn from the archives of one of these firms, John Swire & Sons, the article shows that this process of reinvention came about as a result of the firm's willi…
Business on trial
The prosecution and imprisonment of Lord Kylsant in 1931, following the collapse of the Royal Mail Shipping Group, has long been acknowledged as a landmark event in the history of financial accounting. Far less attention has been given to the equally high profile conviction and imprisonment of three businessmen four years later in the wake of the notorious pepper scandal. This article examines the background to the scandal, particularly the role …
Technological change and forms of innovation in consumer magazine publishing
This paper presents the results of research undertaken between 2002 and 2004 into the impact of technological change on the UK consumer magazine industry. The findings highlight patterns of innovation, both in the range of products (most notably monthly magazine titles) and the structure of organisations and work practices, which have tended to elude much of the contemporary debate within the ‘cultural industries’ approach adopted in the media st…
Shaping a corporate identity from below
Existing studies that have explored the use of company journals as a mode of corporate communication during the early 20th century have invariably adopted an instrumentalist view of these publications. Company journals have been seen as a means of projecting to employees a top-down view of organizations. This article identifies a counter-example in which the origins of a company journal, the BAT Bulletin, are seen to arise as the result of an ini…
Global electrification
How Scottish & Newcastle Became the U.K.'s Largest Brewer
Firms engage in a multitude of interactions with the external environment, most critically with government and its regulatory agencies. Despite an extensive literature on “regulatory capture,” little attention has been paid to the interactions between merging firms and competition authorities. Yet the possibility of capture exists where there is a recurring series of merger investigations of one firm by the same authority. This analysis of the im…
Vogue in Britain
By 1914 the leading British magazine publishers had successfully launched a range of popular weekly titles for female readers which focused on everyday women's fashions. In contrast, the British operations of American publishers Hearst and Condé Nast sought to develop high-quality magazines designed to attract affluent consumers – and the advertisers who sought to reach these readers. This paper argues that the success of Condé Nast's Vogue depen…
Revolutions from Grub Street
This book provides a study of magazine publishing in Britain from the perspective of the entrepreneurs and commercial enterprises that created its history. Convulsed by social, political, and technological revolutions, the industry has proved both adaptable and resilient. Using a range of source materials, the study traces magazine production from the earliest examples of individuals seeking to earn their living as Grub Street hacks, hawking popu…
The international distribution of news
In his account of the international distribution of news in the period between 1848 and 1947 Jonathan Silberstein-Loeb has provided a scholarly and meticulously researched history of the early grow
Good war/bad war
This paper uses the distinction that has been developed within organizational studies between collected memory and collective memory to explore and contrast the nature of one multinational company’s organizational memory of World War I and World War II. Although the British American Tobacco Company (BAT) experienced severe upheavals as a result of each of the two global military conflagrations of the twentieth century, this paper argues that in t…
Horatio Bottomley and the Rise of John Bull Magazine
This paper emphasises the significance of John Bull magazine as part of the media history narrative of Britain in the period leading up to World War I. Launched by Horatio Bottomley in 1906, the magazine was able to generate a significant readership among working class men by offering an appealing mixture of topical political, social and economic content in a relatively high quality penny magazine. The magazine’s success in this period is partly …
Nan Enstad. Cigarettes, Inc
In Cigarettes, Inc., Nan Enstad presents an engaging people-centered history of the international growth of bright tobacco cultivation and cigarette manufacturing and distribution. The book is written as a series of linked essays rather than as a narrative account, and it incorporates a broad range of ideas. The research draws on a wide pool of source materials with a particular emphasis on personal testimony, which is used to effectively penetra…
Worcester as a Pioneering Provincial Centre of Medical Publishing and Reform, 1828–1854
The fact that Worcester Infirmary provided the location for the founding of the Provincial (later British) Medical Association has long been commemorated as a highlight of the city’s history. This paper seeks to extend our understanding of the significance of this event by placing it in the broader historical context of the campaign for medical reform. In doing so, the paper links together the origins and early activities of the Association with …
Political science (15 works) · Business (13 works) · Economics (11 works) · Law (11 works) · Economic history (9 works) · History (9 works) · Law (7 works) · History (5 works) · Sociology (5 works) · Business history (4 works)