Susana Martínez-Rodríguez
Biographic Data
| ID | 5244556 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Susana Martínez-Rodríguez |
| GIVEN NAMES | Susana |
| FAMILY NAME | Martínez-Rodríguez |
| SIGNATURE | MARTINEZ-RODRIGUEZ S |
| AFFILIATIONS | Universidad de Murcia |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0710-6030 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 10 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 14 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 10 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
How did historical trends impact women’s involvement in financial markets? Evidence from women shareholders in Spain (1918-1948)
Women’s financial independence is essential for fostering equality. Despite recent progress in narrowing the gender gap in access to finance, a notable imbalance persists, even in advanced economies. Exploring the roots and persistence of the wealth gap demands a long-term perspective. However, limited access to historical data hampers such investigations. We have assembled a unique dataset encompassing over 34,000 shareholders from Spanish comme…
Gender and bankarization in Spain, 1949–1970
This article analyzes an unexplored register of Spanish banks' marketing material to document the access of women to the retail banking sector.In 1949 the Franco dictatorship deployed a Censorship Bureau to supervise all retail bank marketing.Initially this office was part of the Finance Ministry but in 1962 it was relocated to the Central Bank.Examination of this printed material allowed us to map a shift in bank strategies towards large-scale c…
Gender Differential and Financial Inclusion
This study reveals that women had a significant presence as shareholders in Spanish financial corporations in the early-twentieth century. In the 1920s and 1930s, on average, 40 percent of the shareholders of Banco Hispano Americano, a leading commercial bank, were women, and they owned more than one-third of the share capital. The legal framework did not discriminate against women’s ownership, and bank regulations did not discourage women from i…
Diana (1969-1978)
During the second half of the 20th century, financial entities conquered new clients: women. This research highlights a strategy used by a private bank to reach a new market segment with an unprecedented communication tool in the financial sector: the women’s magazine. The magazine DIANA (1969–1978), holds the key to the first financial disclosure strategy with a gender perspective launched in Spain. The analysis method consisted of systematizing…
Historia de un precedente fallido
La sociedad de responsabilidad limitada fue una de las innovaciones más importantes en materia de sociedades del siglo XX, y resultó clave en el desarrollo económico contemporáneo. En España esta figura se introdujo a partir de 1919, sin una ley propia, contrariamente a lo usual en un país con un modelo de derecho continental. Cuando finalmente se aprobó una ley (1953), ésta no tuvo en consideración los supuestos que el Tribunal Supremo había art…
Mistresses of company capital
Contrary to the impression put forth in the literature, Spanish women at the turn of the twentieth century played an active and visible role in the business sphere. Using a unique database containing microdata on the founders of Spanish multi-owner firms from 1886 to 1936, this study analyses the role of female owners and the legal structures that supported their participation in business. In that 50-year period, over 10% of newly registered firm…
Creating the Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada
Spain approved the first law of Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada (SRL)—a legal form similar to the German GmbH—in 1953. However, the SRL had already been used, albeit without its own legislation, since the 1920s. How was this possible in a country whose legal system was based on civil law? Its 1885 Commercial Code lacked the numerus clausus principle for enterprise forms, a feature that gave entrepreneurs unusual freedom in organizing their f…
Granaries ( pósitos )
Under the Ancien Régime in Spain local granaries (in Spanish, pósitos ) acted as welfare institutions designed to help small farmers in times of crisis. During the first third of the twentieth century they were subject to an intense reorganisation in Spain and this transformed them into the only microfinance institution to which a significant part of the country's rural population had access. However, as the granaries were beginning to get their …
Cooperatives before cooperative law
Studies of Spanish cooperatives date their spread from the Law on Agrarian Syndicates of 1906. But the first legislative appearance of cooperatives is an 1869 measure that permitted general incorporation for lending companies. The 1931 general law on cooperatives, the first act permitting the formation of cooperatives in any activity, reflects the gradual disappearance of the cooperative's «business» characteristics. In this paper, we trace the S…
Mujeres economistas
Creating the Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada
Spain approved the first law of Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada (SRL)—a legal form similar to the German GmbH—in 1953. However, the SRL had already been used, albeit without its own legislation, since the 1920s. How was this possible in a country whose legal system was based on civil law? Its 1885 Commercial Code lacked the numerus clausus principle for enterprise forms, a feature that gave entrepreneurs unusual freedom in organizing their f…
Cooperatives before cooperative law
Studies of Spanish cooperatives date their spread from the Law on Agrarian Syndicates of 1906. But the first legislative appearance of cooperatives is an 1869 measure that permitted general incorporation for lending companies. The 1931 general law on cooperatives, the first act permitting the formation of cooperatives in any activity, reflects the gradual disappearance of the cooperative's «business» characteristics. In this paper, we trace the S…
Gender Differential and Financial Inclusion
This study reveals that women had a significant presence as shareholders in Spanish financial corporations in the early-twentieth century. In the 1920s and 1930s, on average, 40 percent of the shareholders of Banco Hispano Americano, a leading commercial bank, were women, and they owned more than one-third of the share capital. The legal framework did not discriminate against women’s ownership, and bank regulations did not discourage women from i…
Diana (1969-1978)
During the second half of the 20th century, financial entities conquered new clients: women. This research highlights a strategy used by a private bank to reach a new market segment with an unprecedented communication tool in the financial sector: the women’s magazine. The magazine DIANA (1969–1978), holds the key to the first financial disclosure strategy with a gender perspective launched in Spain. The analysis method consisted of systematizing…
Mistresses of company capital
Contrary to the impression put forth in the literature, Spanish women at the turn of the twentieth century played an active and visible role in the business sphere. Using a unique database containing microdata on the founders of Spanish multi-owner firms from 1886 to 1936, this study analyses the role of female owners and the legal structures that supported their participation in business. In that 50-year period, over 10% of newly registered firm…
Gender and bankarization in Spain, 1949–1970
This article analyzes an unexplored register of Spanish banks' marketing material to document the access of women to the retail banking sector.In 1949 the Franco dictatorship deployed a Censorship Bureau to supervise all retail bank marketing.Initially this office was part of the Finance Ministry but in 1962 it was relocated to the Central Bank.Examination of this printed material allowed us to map a shift in bank strategies towards large-scale c…
Mujeres economistas
Cooperatives before cooperative law
Studies of Spanish cooperatives date their spread from the Law on Agrarian Syndicates of 1906. But the first legislative appearance of cooperatives is an 1869 measure that permitted general incorporation for lending companies. The 1931 general law on cooperatives, the first act permitting the formation of cooperatives in any activity, reflects the gradual disappearance of the cooperative's «business» characteristics. In this paper, we trace the S…
Granaries ( pósitos )
Under the Ancien Régime in Spain local granaries (in Spanish, pósitos ) acted as welfare institutions designed to help small farmers in times of crisis. During the first third of the twentieth century they were subject to an intense reorganisation in Spain and this transformed them into the only microfinance institution to which a significant part of the country's rural population had access. However, as the granaries were beginning to get their …
Creating the Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada
Spain approved the first law of Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada (SRL)—a legal form similar to the German GmbH—in 1953. However, the SRL had already been used, albeit without its own legislation, since the 1920s. How was this possible in a country whose legal system was based on civil law? Its 1885 Commercial Code lacked the numerus clausus principle for enterprise forms, a feature that gave entrepreneurs unusual freedom in organizing their f…
Mistresses of company capital
Contrary to the impression put forth in the literature, Spanish women at the turn of the twentieth century played an active and visible role in the business sphere. Using a unique database containing microdata on the founders of Spanish multi-owner firms from 1886 to 1936, this study analyses the role of female owners and the legal structures that supported their participation in business. In that 50-year period, over 10% of newly registered firm…
Historia de un precedente fallido
La sociedad de responsabilidad limitada fue una de las innovaciones más importantes en materia de sociedades del siglo XX, y resultó clave en el desarrollo económico contemporáneo. En España esta figura se introdujo a partir de 1919, sin una ley propia, contrariamente a lo usual en un país con un modelo de derecho continental. Cuando finalmente se aprobó una ley (1953), ésta no tuvo en consideración los supuestos que el Tribunal Supremo había art…
Diana (1969-1978)
During the second half of the 20th century, financial entities conquered new clients: women. This research highlights a strategy used by a private bank to reach a new market segment with an unprecedented communication tool in the financial sector: the women’s magazine. The magazine DIANA (1969–1978), holds the key to the first financial disclosure strategy with a gender perspective launched in Spain. The analysis method consisted of systematizing…
Gender Differential and Financial Inclusion
This study reveals that women had a significant presence as shareholders in Spanish financial corporations in the early-twentieth century. In the 1920s and 1930s, on average, 40 percent of the shareholders of Banco Hispano Americano, a leading commercial bank, were women, and they owned more than one-third of the share capital. The legal framework did not discriminate against women’s ownership, and bank regulations did not discourage women from i…
Gender and bankarization in Spain, 1949–1970
This article analyzes an unexplored register of Spanish banks' marketing material to document the access of women to the retail banking sector.In 1949 the Franco dictatorship deployed a Censorship Bureau to supervise all retail bank marketing.Initially this office was part of the Finance Ministry but in 1962 it was relocated to the Central Bank.Examination of this printed material allowed us to map a shift in bank strategies towards large-scale c…
How did historical trends impact women’s involvement in financial markets? Evidence from women shareholders in Spain (1918-1948)
Women’s financial independence is essential for fostering equality. Despite recent progress in narrowing the gender gap in access to finance, a notable imbalance persists, even in advanced economies. Exploring the roots and persistence of the wealth gap demands a long-term perspective. However, limited access to historical data hampers such investigations. We have assembled a unique dataset encompassing over 34,000 shareholders from Spanish comme…
Business (7 works) · Economics (6 works) · Finance (6 works) · Political science (6 works) · Law (4 works) · Law (4 works) · Sociology (4 works) · Advertising (2 works) · Art (2 works) · Capital (architecture (2 works)