Kees De Bot
Biographic Data
| ID | 524512 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Kees De Bot |
| GIVEN NAMES | Kees |
| FAMILY NAME | De Bot |
| SIGNATURE | DE BOT K |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Groningen |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7442-2693 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 58 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 325 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 56 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1982 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
The complex dynamics of adaptive teaching: Observing teacher-student interaction in the language classroom
Real-time verbal interactions between foreign language teachers and their students are of vital importance for language development, but classroom interactions are also multi-faceted and complex. The way a teacher understands and responds to learner utterances can be a powerful pedagogical strategy to scaffold learner language development. In this paper we present the Questions and Answers in English Language Teaching coding scheme which can be u…
Measures of variability in transitional phases in second language development
This paper investigates measures of change to help demonstrate the necessity of variability as a developmental mechanism for advancing different features of L2 learning (related here primarily to writing, but also to reading) with a particular focus on learners at different stages of development. To do so, the work draws on three studies to build a case for using variability as a meaningful marker of change. Lowie, Wander M. & Marjolijn Verspoor.…
Variability as normal as apple pie
In recent studies in second language (L2) development, notably within the focus of Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST), non-systematic variation has been extensively studied as intra-individual variation, which we will refer to as variability . This paper argues that variability is functional and is needed for development. With examples of four longitudinal case studies we hope to show that variability over time provides valuable information ab…
The language barrier in migrant aging
Studies on aging and migration often note a ‘language barrier’ for older migrants when communicating in a (medical) second language (L2) context. Yet how a limited L2 proficiency impacts the aging process of migrant adults has, so far, not been systematically investigated. This question is important given that having a limited L2 proficiency may pose immediate drawbacks on one's ability to maintain independence. Through a combination of qualitati…
Regional Variation in West and East Coast African-American English Prosody and Rap Flows
Regional variation in African-American English (AAE) is especially salient to its speakers involved with hip-hop culture, as hip-hop assigns great importance to regional identity and regional accents are a key means of expressing regional identity. However, little is known about AAE regional variation regarding prosodic rhythm and melody. In hip-hop music, regional variation can also be observed, with different regions’ rap performances being cha…
Individual differences in very young Chinese children’s English vocabulary breadth and semantic depth: Internal and external factors
This study examines the English vocabulary development of 43 very young child English as a foreign language (FL) learners (age 3.2–6.2) in China. They were tested twice for vocabulary breadth (reception and production) and semantic depth (paradigmatic and syntagmatic vocabulary knowledge). The development of the English vocabulary knowledge between these two measurements was predicted using a series of internal factors and external factors. An ex…
One theory for acquisition and attrition
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A classroom observation tool for scaffolding reading comprehension
Using social media to measure language use
Investigations of language use in multilingual regions are traditionally done through the usage of retrospective questionnaires, either distributed on paper, or digitally. The aim of the present study was to test a new method of measuring language choice and use: by using social media to contact individuals several times a day and ask them what language(s) they are using, how, and with whom. It was investigated whether this method could provide r…
Moving Where? A Reaction to Slabakova et al. (2014)
Journal Article Moving Where? A Reaction to Slabakova et al. (2014) Get access Kees de Bot Kees de Bot Department of Applied Linguistics, University of Groningen; University of Panonnia and University of the Free State E-mail: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Applied Linguistics, Volume 36, Issue 2, May 2015, Pages 261–264, https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amu074 Published: 08 December 201…
A multiple case study on the effects of temperamental traits in Chinese preschoolers learning English
Aims: The current study tests Clarke’s (1999) findings on phases and variations of the English development of young second-language learners in a Chinese English as a Foreign Language setting and explores the cause of these variations under the following questions: 1) What verbal and non-verbal behavior can be observed in Chinese preschoolers in an English-learning classroom? 2) What variation can be observed among the children in such a class? 3…
Circadian rhythms and second language development
In this article data are presented that suggest that individual language learners may have different optimal times of the day for learning a foreign language. Learners were tested on vocabulary learning and retention at different times of the day. In addition, different components of language aptitude were tested. Two components of the language aptitude test show an effect of early risers (‘larks’) performing better in the morning than in the eve…
An investigation of factors affecting early foreign language learning in the Netherlands
The most recent data available on language teaching in Europe indicate that the number of pupils in primary education that are being taught at least one foreign language is on the rise, with pupils being offered foreign languages at an increasingly younger age (Eurydice Network, Eurostat, and Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency, 2008). The teaching of English in Dutch primary schools has been mandatory in the (pen)ultimate year of…
Pink Noise in Language Production: A Nonlinear Approach to the Multilingual Lexicon
Most theories of (second) language processing are based on component-dominant models that assume linear relationships between linguistic factors affecting language production and language comprehension. In this contribution we argue that in the wake of current nonlinear approaches to cognition, language processing must be seen in terms of interaction-dominant dynamics manifested in 1/f scaling relations. Our study showed that increased experience…
Language attrition as a complex, non-linear development
The present paper will present an overview of the state of the art in language attrition research, attempting to provide an integrated picture of the attrition process in the light of Dynamic Systems Theory. Recent findings suggest that a fully developed L1 system is a powerful attractor state, as defined by Dynamic Systems Theory. Once this state has been attained, L2 influence or activation problems may cause small temporary shifts to the overa…
Multilingual dreaming
While bilingual and multilingual dreaming has been mentioned in literature as a sign of language proficiency, there is an absence of empirical research. This research is the first attempt exploring new grounds, providing evidence in debunking the myth that a high level of L2 fluency is required for L2 dreaming and discovering a positive correlation between L2 proficiency and L2 dream occurrences. This study also provides evidence for the effect o…
Relearning in the Elderly: Age-Related Effects on the Size of Savings
This article reports on a study on learning new and relearning forgotten words of French as a foreign language in young (mean age 22.4), middle-aged (mean age 50.3), and elderly speakers (mean age 76.0). The three age groups performed similarly on relearning old words, but the younger learners were significantly better at learning new words. Data from a questionnaire on contact with French and a working-memory test showed that neither diminished …
A Dynamic Approach to Second Language Development: Methods and techniques
Dynamic systems theory, a general theory of change and development, offers a new way to study first and second language development and requires a new set of tools for analysis of empirical data. After a brief introduction to the theory, this book, co-authored by several leading scholars in the field, concentrates on tools and techniques recently developed to analyze language data from a dynamic perspective. The chapters deal with the general tho…
Impact of early English language teaching on L1 and L2 development in children in Dutch schools
This article reports on the outcomes of a project aimed at the evaluation of early English language teaching (EELT) in Dutch primary education, starting at age 4. Between 2003 and 2008 four cohorts of first- and second-grade children receiving one to three hours of English language teaching per week were tested with standardized Dutch and English versions of the Reynell tests for language development. The outcomes show that all children acquire s…
Gestures and some key issues in the study of language development
The purpose of the current paper is to outline how gestures can contribute to the study of some key issues in language development. Specifically, we (1) briefly summarise what is already known about gesture in the domains of first and second language development, and development or changes over the life span more generally; (2) highlight theoretical and empirical issues in these domains where gestures can contribute in important ways to further o…
A Dynamic Systems Theory approach to second language acquisition
In this article it is argued that language can be seen as a dynamic system, i.e. a set of variables that interact over time, and that language development can be seen as a dynamic process. Language development shows some of the core characteristics of dynamic systems: sensitive dependence on initial conditions, complete interconnectedness of subsystems, the emergence of attractor states in development over time and variation both in and among ind…
Evaluation of bilingual secondary education in the Netherlands: Students' language proficiency in English
In this longitudinal study, we examined the effects of the use of English as the language of instruction in the first 4 years of secondary education in The Netherlands on the students' language proficiency in English and Dutch, and achievement in subject matters taught through English. Compared to a control group in regular secondary education, students attending this form of bilingual education showed higher scores for their English language pro…
The Plastic Bilingual Brain: Synaptic Pruning or Growth? Commentary on Green, et al
Dynamic Systems Theory and Applied Linguistics: "The ultimate "so what
Special Issue on language attrition
Language attrition is a young and ambitious field of research, and it is now reaching puberty. Accordingly, it wants to be taken seriously. There are various ways to achieve that. One is to adapt theories and methods from older and more established fields that have proven their worth, the other is to show that it can in its turn contribute those fields itself. The papers in this special issue of the International Journal of Bilingualism show all …
A Dynamic Systems Theory approach to second language acquisition
In this article it is argued that language can be seen as a dynamic system, i.e. a set of variables that interact over time, and that language development can be seen as a dynamic process. Language development shows some of the core characteristics of dynamic systems: sensitive dependence on initial conditions, complete interconnectedness of subsystems, the emergence of attractor states in development over time and variation both in and among ind…
Foreign Language Research in Cross-Cultural Perspective
1. Foreword (by Lambert, Richard D.) 2. Preface (by Bot, Kees de) 3. I. Priorities in the US and in Europe 4. Foreign Language Instruction and second Language Acquisition Research in the United States (by Ferguson, Charles A.) 5. Empirical Foreign Language Reaserch in Europe (by Els, Theo van) 6. Measurement and Research Design (by Ginsberg, Ralph B.) 7. Focus on Form: A Design Feature in Language Teaching Methodology (by Long, Mike) 8. Pros, Con…
The Multilingual Lexicon: Modelling Selection and Control
In this paper an overview of research on the multilingual lexicon is presented as the basis for a model for processing multiple languages. With respect to specific issues relating to the processing of more than two languages, it is suggested that there is no need to develop a specific model for such multilingual processing, but at the same time we are still very far from really understanding how languages interact within and between components of…
Language Attrition, Language Shift and Ethnolinguistic Vitality of Turkish in Australia
This paper presents the findings of research investigating first-language attrition of Turkish speakers in Australia and the role of subjective ethnolinguistic vitality perceptions in that process. It examines the relationship between societal factors and individuals' perception of the language contact situation as reflected in their speech behaviour. For the linguistic dimension of the study, a number of lexical and syntactic tests along with se…
The Psycholinguistics of the Output Hypothesis
In this article I attempt to elucidate the psycholinguistic mechanics of Swain's "output hypothesis". Taking the information processing approach as a starting point and relating that to Levelt's model of language production and Anderson's learning theory, I argue that output serves an important role in second language acquisition, in particular because it generates highly specific input the cognitive system needs to build up a coherent set of kno…
Gestures and some key issues in the study of language development
The purpose of the current paper is to outline how gestures can contribute to the study of some key issues in language development. Specifically, we (1) briefly summarise what is already known about gesture in the domains of first and second language development, and development or changes over the life span more generally; (2) highlight theoretical and empirical issues in these domains where gestures can contribute in important ways to further o…
Home Language and Language Proficiency: A Large-scale Longitudinal Study in Dutch Primary Schools
This article reports on a large-scale longitudinal study into the development of language proficiency of Dutch primary school pupils aged 7–10. Data on language proficiency and a range of background variables (home language, level of education and occupational status of parents, language background, migrants' length of residence) from 4419 pupils were analysed. The main outcomes of the study are that, although children with an immigrant language …
A 16‐year longitudinal study of language attrition in Dutch immigrants in Australia
In this article a description is given of a longitudinal study of language attrition in Dutch migrants in Australia. In the 1970s, Clyne conducted linguistic research on German‐English and Dutch‐English bilinguals in Australia. In 1987 those informants who were still fluent in Dutch were retested, using the same type of tests and elicitation procedures. All the speech material of the informants from 1971 and 1987 has been transcribed and analysed…
Regional Variation in West and East Coast African-American English Prosody and Rap Flows
Regional variation in African-American English (AAE) is especially salient to its speakers involved with hip-hop culture, as hip-hop assigns great importance to regional identity and regional accents are a key means of expressing regional identity. However, little is known about AAE regional variation regarding prosodic rhythm and melody. In hip-hop music, regional variation can also be observed, with different regions’ rap performances being cha…
Between two worlds. Social networks, language shift, and language processing in three generations of Dutch migrants in New Zealand
Article Between two worlds. Social networks, language shift, and language processing in three generations of Dutch migrants in New Zealand was published on February 28, 2002 in the journal International Journal of the Sociology of Language (volume 2002, issue 153)
The Role of Intonation in Foreign Accent
A classroom observation tool for scaffolding reading comprehension
Lexical processing in bilinguals
In this article data from an auditory lexical decision experiment with English-Dutch bilinguals are compared with data from a similar experiment using visual lexical decision. The aim of the experiments was to investigate three factors that may play a role in lexical processing: level of proficiency in the second language, mode of presentation (visual vs. auditory) and cognate- ness of lexical items. The structure of this article is as follows. I…
Visual Feedback of Intonation I: Effectiveness and Induced Practice Behavior
A description is given of an experiment in which an attempt was made to show that audio-visual feedback is more effective in intonation learning than auditory feedback. The factors in the experiment were feedback mode and practice time. The results showed a significant effect of audio-visual feedback over auditory feedback, whereas practice time did not seem to be a major factor. Feedback modality was shown to influence learning behavior
Relearning in the Elderly: Age-Related Effects on the Size of Savings
This article reports on a study on learning new and relearning forgotten words of French as a foreign language in young (mean age 22.4), middle-aged (mean age 50.3), and elderly speakers (mean age 76.0). The three age groups performed similarly on relearning old words, but the younger learners were significantly better at learning new words. Data from a questionnaire on contact with French and a working-memory test showed that neither diminished …
The bilingual lexicon: Modality effects in processing
The Teaching of Intonation: Fundamental Research and Classroom Applications
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Introduction: Language change and social networks
Is Dutch just another berber? An investigation into the language preferences of immigrants in the Netherlands
The paper reports a study of language learning and language attitudes among immigrants to the Netherlands. Questionnaires were obtained from 69 students taking Dutch at the Language Centre of the University of Nijmegen. Eighteen students were later interviewed about their attitudes towards Dutch, English, French and German. No evidence was found that Dutch was in any way threatened by English for this group. The importance which the students atta…
Foreign Language Attrition
Compared to research on language acquisition, research on the maintenance and loss of language skills is a relatively recent development. There is, of course, a longstanding sociolinguistic tradition of research on language shift, but work in the field of attrition really started in the US in the late 1970s (Lambert and Freed 1982). Since then, research on language attrition has grown rapidly in different countries, as is witnessed by special iss…
An aid in language teaching: The visualisation of pitch
The Teaching of Intonation: Fundamental Research and Classroom Applications
Item does not contain fulltext
Visual Feedback of Intonation I: Effectiveness and Induced Practice Behavior
A description is given of an experiment in which an attempt was made to show that audio-visual feedback is more effective in intonation learning than auditory feedback. The factors in the experiment were feedback mode and practice time. The results showed a significant effect of audio-visual feedback over auditory feedback, whereas practice time did not seem to be a major factor. Feedback modality was shown to influence learning behavior
An aid in language teaching: The visualisation of pitch
Visual Feedback of Intonation Ii: Feedback Delay and Quality of Feedback
In two experiments we investigated qualitative aspects of pitch visualizers: feedback delay, i.e. the time-pan between the production of an utterance and the plotting of its fundamental-frequency contour, and the quality of the contours with speech material that differed in intonation pattern and in the number of unvoiced segments. The results showed that feedback delay is not a critical factor when using a pitch visualizer for intonation teachin…
The Role of Intonation in Foreign Accent
Perception of Own Language Proficiency by Elderly Adults
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Structural loss and levelling in minority languages and dialects
Language Attrition in Progress
Empirical Foreign Language Reaserch in Europe
Introduction to the Section on Teaching Environments
Recapitulation, regression, and language loss
Roman Jakobson opens his monograph Kindersprache, Aphasie und allgemeine Lautgesetze with a quotation from Karl Bühler: “Die einzige Gelegenheit die wir haben, die menschliche Sprache in statu nascendi zu beobachten, bietet das Kind,” and he himself adds: “Die einzige Gelegenheit die wir haben, die menschliche Sprache im Abbau zu beobachten, bieten die pathologischen Sprachstörungen zentraler Natur” (Jakobson 1941: 348).
Foreign Language Research in Cross-Cultural Perspective
1. Foreword (by Lambert, Richard D.) 2. Preface (by Bot, Kees de) 3. I. Priorities in the US and in Europe 4. Foreign Language Instruction and second Language Acquisition Research in the United States (by Ferguson, Charles A.) 5. Empirical Foreign Language Reaserch in Europe (by Els, Theo van) 6. Measurement and Research Design (by Ginsberg, Ralph B.) 7. Focus on Form: A Design Feature in Language Teaching Methodology (by Long, Mike) 8. Pros, Con…
Applied Linguistics
In this article a description is given of a model of the bilingual speaker. The model presented is based on Levelt's (1989) 'Speaking' model, which sketches a framework in which a number of (highly autonomous) information processing components are postulated. The main characteristics of the model are that it is incremental and parallel, and that lower level processing is more automatized than higher level processing. An attempt is made to adapt t…
Foreign Language Research in Cross-Cultural Perspective
Foreign Language Research in Cross-Cultural Perspective
A 16‐year longitudinal study of language attrition in Dutch immigrants in Australia
In this article a description is given of a longitudinal study of language attrition in Dutch migrants in Australia. In the 1970s, Clyne conducted linguistic research on German‐English and Dutch‐English bilinguals in Australia. In 1987 those informants who were still fluent in Dutch were retested, using the same type of tests and elicitation procedures. All the speech material of the informants from 1971 and 1987 has been transcribed and analysed…
Is Dutch just another berber? An investigation into the language preferences of immigrants in the Netherlands
The paper reports a study of language learning and language attitudes among immigrants to the Netherlands. Questionnaires were obtained from 69 students taking Dutch at the Language Centre of the University of Nijmegen. Eighteen students were later interviewed about their attitudes towards Dutch, English, French and German. No evidence was found that Dutch was in any way threatened by English for this group. The importance which the students atta…
Lexical processing in bilinguals
In this article data from an auditory lexical decision experiment with English-Dutch bilinguals are compared with data from a similar experiment using visual lexical decision. The aim of the experiments was to investigate three factors that may play a role in lexical processing: level of proficiency in the second language, mode of presentation (visual vs. auditory) and cognate- ness of lexical items. The structure of this article is as follows. I…
The bilingual lexicon: Modality effects in processing
Foreign Language Attrition
Compared to research on language acquisition, research on the maintenance and loss of language skills is a relatively recent development. There is, of course, a longstanding sociolinguistic tradition of research on language shift, but work in the field of attrition really started in the US in the late 1970s (Lambert and Freed 1982). Since then, research on language attrition has grown rapidly in different countries, as is witnessed by special iss…
The Psycholinguistics of the Output Hypothesis
In this article I attempt to elucidate the psycholinguistic mechanics of Swain's "output hypothesis". Taking the information processing approach as a starting point and relating that to Levelt's model of language production and Anderson's learning theory, I argue that output serves an important role in second language acquisition, in particular because it generates highly specific input the cognitive system needs to build up a coherent set of kno…
Producing words in a foreign language: Can speakers prevent interference from their first language?
Two picture-word interference experiments were conducted to investigate whether or not words from a first and more dominant language are activated during lexical access in a foreign and less dominant language. Native speakers of Dutch were instructed to name pictures in their foreign language English. Our experiments show that the Dutch name of a picture is activated during initial stages of the process of lexical in English as a foreign language…
Language Attrition, Language Shift and Ethnolinguistic Vitality of Turkish in Australia
This paper presents the findings of research investigating first-language attrition of Turkish speakers in Australia and the role of subjective ethnolinguistic vitality perceptions in that process. It examines the relationship between societal factors and individuals' perception of the language contact situation as reflected in their speech behaviour. For the linguistic dimension of the study, a number of lexical and syntactic tests along with se…
Perspectives on Foreign Language Policy: Studies in Honour of Theo van Els
1. Preface 2. Foreign-Language Teaching Policy in the Netherlands 1800-1970: A Historical Outline (by Wilhelm, Frans) 3. The Task Force of the Dutch National Action Programme as an Instrument for Developing and Implementing Foreign-Language Policy (by Tuin, Dirk) 4. NAP as a Basis for a Coherent FLT Policy (by Renique, A.J.E.G.) 5. The Difficulty of Spanish for Dutch Learners (by Oud-de Glas, Maria) 6. Changing Target - Changing Tests (by Melse, …
In search of yesterday's words: Reactivating a long-forgotten language
This article addresses the fate of languages acquired during childhood which have not been used in a long time: are they simply lost, overridden by other languages acquired later, or are they maintained despite the lack of use? Two German subjects are tested for their knowledge of Dutch, which they acquired as a second language in their childhood. In leaning on methodology from memory research, we assess different levels of 'knowing'. As part of …
Linguistics (47 works) · Psychology (40 works) · Computer Science (30 works) · Philosophy (18 works) · Mathematics education (17 works) · Sociology (16 works) · Cognitive psychology (15 works) · EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning (15 works) · Multilingual Education and Policy (12 works) · Medicine (11 works)