C M Murray
Biographic Data
| ID | 53088 |
|---|---|
| NAME | C M Murray |
| GIVEN NAMES | C M |
| FAMILY NAME | Murray |
| SIGNATURE | MURRAY C M |
| AFFILIATIONS | George Washington University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2055-0061 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 25 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 68 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 25 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2007 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
The Gombe Ecosystem Health Project
Infectious disease outbreaks pose a significant threat to the conservation of chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) and all threatened nonhuman primates. Characterizing and mitigating these threats to support the sustainability and welfare of wild populations is of the highest priority. In an attempt to understand and mitigate the risk of disease for the chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania, we initiated a long‐term health‐monitoring program in…
Drinking frequency in wild lactating chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ) and their offspring
Maintaining water balance is essential for organismal health, and lactating females must balance individual needs with milk production and offspring hydration. Primate milk is dilute and presumed to be the primary source for infant hydration for a considerable time period. Few studies have investigated the hydration burden that lactation may place on female primates. In this study, we investigated sources of variation in female and offspring drin…
Immature Male Chimpanzees’ (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) Social Relationships with Adult Males, but Not Peers, Persist into Adulthood
Wild chimpanzee offspring exhibit adult‐like foraging patterns around the age of weaning
OBJECTIVES: The prolonged juvenile period exhibited by primates is an evolutionary conundrum. Here we examine wild chimpanzee feeding development in the context of two hypotheses regarding prolonged development in primates: the needing-to-learn hypothesis and the expensive brain hypothesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) offspring at Gombe National Park, Tanzania. We analyzed 41 years of observat…
In vivo deciduous dental eruption in LuiKotale bonobos and Gombe chimpanzees
OBJECTIVES: Existing data on bonobo and chimpanzee dental eruption timing are derived predominantly from captive individuals or deceased wild individuals. However, recent advances in noninvasive photographic monitoring of living, wild apes have enabled researchers to characterize dental eruption in relatively healthy individuals under naturalistic conditions. At present, such data are available for only one population of wild chimpanzees. We repo…
Sources of variation in weaned age among wild chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania
OBJECTIVES: A key feature of human life history evolution is that modern humans wean their infants 2-4 years earlier on average than African apes. However, our understanding of weaning variation in apes remains limited. Here we provide the first such report in chimpanzees by examining weaned age variation using long-term data from Gombe National Park, Tanzania. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed 41 years of observational behavioral data from 65 of…
Wild bonobo and chimpanzee females exhibit broadly similar patterns of behavioral maturation but some evidence for divergence
OBJECTIVES: Primates exhibit variation in rates of growth and development. Variation in female growth and development across ape species appears to be explained by the Ecological Risk Aversion Hypothesis (ERAH). Indeed, existing data on variation in somatic growth and reproductive maturation between humans' closest living ape relatives, bonobos and chimpanzees, appear to be consistent with this hypothesis. However, existing data on behavioral mat…
Syndromic Surveillance of Respiratory Disease in Free-Living Chimpanzees
Maternal effects on offspring stress physiology in wild chimpanzees
Early life experiences are known to influence hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis development, which can impact health outcomes through the individual's ability to mount appropriate physiological reactions to stressors. In primates, these early experiences are most often mediated through the mother and can include the physiological environment experienced during gestation. Here, we investigate stress physiology of dependent offspring in wil…
Socioecological correlates of clinical signs in two communities of wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) at Gombe National Park, Tanzania
Disease and other health hazards pose serious threats to the persistence of wild ape populations. The total chimpanzee population at Gombe National Park, Tanzania, has declined from an estimated 120 to 150 individuals in the 1960's to around 100 individuals by the end of 2013, with death associated with observable signs of disease as the leading cause of mortality. In 2004, we began a non-invasive health-monitoring program in the two habituated c…
Non‐invasive quantification of immunoglobulin A in chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ) at Gombe National Park, Tanzania
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the primary antibody responsible for mucosal defense in mammals and has been used as a marker for chronic stress and immune status. Therefore, this antibody may provide a more reliable indicator of an individual's immunocompetence than is currently available through other methods. Immunoglobulin A has never before been quantified in a wild population of non-human primates using non-invasive sample collection techniques. …
The relationship between social play and developmental milestones in wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii )
Social play is common among many group-living animals, but the benefits are not well understood. Proposed benefits include increased muscle coordination as the result of increased locomotor versatility and development, and strengthened social bonds through interactions with like-aged individuals. In this study, we used 33 years of long-term behavioral data on infant chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, to examine these potential benefits…
Predation by female chimpanzees
Do juveniles help or hinder? Influence of juvenile offspring on maternal behavior and reproductive outcomes in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Reproductive state and rank influence patterns of meat consumption in wild female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)
Maternal Behavior and Physiological Stress Levels in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)
Maternal Behavior by Birth Order in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Parental investment theory predicts that maternal resources are finite and allocated among offspring based on factors including maternal age and condition, and offspring sex and parity. Among humans, firstborn children are often considered to have an advantage and receive greater investment than their younger siblings. However, conflicting evidence for this "firstborn advantage" between modern and hunter-gatherer societies raises questions about …
Validation of a Field Technique and Characterization of Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite Analysis in Wild Chimpanzees ( P an troglodytes)
Monitoring adrenocortical activity in wild primate populations is critical, given the well‐documented relationship between stress, health, and reproduction. Although many primate studies have quantified fecal glucocorticoid metabolite ( FGM ) concentrations, it is imperative that researchers validate their method for each species. Here, we describe and validate a technique for field extraction and storage of FGM s in wild chimpanzees ( P an trogl…
The Appearance and Spread of Ant Fishing among the Kasekela Chimpanzees of Gombe
Chimpanzees exhibit cultural variation, yet examples of successful cultural transmission between wild communities are lacking. Here we provide the first account of tool-assisted predation ("ant fishing") on Camponotus ants by the Kasekela and Mitumba communities of Gombe National Park. We then consider three hypotheses for the appearance and spread of this behavior in Kasekela: (1) changes in prey availability or other environmental factors, (2) …
A Retrospective Analysis of Factors Correlated to Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) Respiratory Health at Gombe National Park, Tanzania
Male dominance rank and reproductive success in chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii
Alpha male chimpanzee grooming patterns
In social primates, individuals use various tactics to compete for dominance rank. Grooming, displays and contact aggression are common components of a male chimpanzee's dominance repertoire. The optimal combination of these behaviors is likely to differ among males with individuals exhibiting a dominance “style” that reflects their tendency to use cooperative and/or agonistic dominance tactics. Here, we examine the grooming behavior of three alp…
Severe Aggression Among Female Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii at Gombe National Park, Tanzania
New Case of Intragroup Infanticide in the Chimpanzees of Gombe National Park
Method for Assigning Categorical Rank in Female Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii via the Frequency of Approaches
Severe Aggression Among Female Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii at Gombe National Park, Tanzania
The Appearance and Spread of Ant Fishing among the Kasekela Chimpanzees of Gombe
Chimpanzees exhibit cultural variation, yet examples of successful cultural transmission between wild communities are lacking. Here we provide the first account of tool-assisted predation ("ant fishing") on Camponotus ants by the Kasekela and Mitumba communities of Gombe National Park. We then consider three hypotheses for the appearance and spread of this behavior in Kasekela: (1) changes in prey availability or other environmental factors, (2) …
Sources of variation in weaned age among wild chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania
OBJECTIVES: A key feature of human life history evolution is that modern humans wean their infants 2-4 years earlier on average than African apes. However, our understanding of weaning variation in apes remains limited. Here we provide the first such report in chimpanzees by examining weaned age variation using long-term data from Gombe National Park, Tanzania. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed 41 years of observational behavioral data from 65 of…
Predation by female chimpanzees
New Case of Intragroup Infanticide in the Chimpanzees of Gombe National Park
Maternal Behavior by Birth Order in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Parental investment theory predicts that maternal resources are finite and allocated among offspring based on factors including maternal age and condition, and offspring sex and parity. Among humans, firstborn children are often considered to have an advantage and receive greater investment than their younger siblings. However, conflicting evidence for this "firstborn advantage" between modern and hunter-gatherer societies raises questions about …
Wild bonobo and chimpanzee females exhibit broadly similar patterns of behavioral maturation but some evidence for divergence
OBJECTIVES: Primates exhibit variation in rates of growth and development. Variation in female growth and development across ape species appears to be explained by the Ecological Risk Aversion Hypothesis (ERAH). Indeed, existing data on variation in somatic growth and reproductive maturation between humans' closest living ape relatives, bonobos and chimpanzees, appear to be consistent with this hypothesis. However, existing data on behavioral mat…
Reproductive state and rank influence patterns of meat consumption in wild female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)
Wild chimpanzee offspring exhibit adult‐like foraging patterns around the age of weaning
OBJECTIVES: The prolonged juvenile period exhibited by primates is an evolutionary conundrum. Here we examine wild chimpanzee feeding development in the context of two hypotheses regarding prolonged development in primates: the needing-to-learn hypothesis and the expensive brain hypothesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) offspring at Gombe National Park, Tanzania. We analyzed 41 years of observat…
Do juveniles help or hinder? Influence of juvenile offspring on maternal behavior and reproductive outcomes in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Maternal Behavior and Physiological Stress Levels in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)
Method for Assigning Categorical Rank in Female Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii via the Frequency of Approaches
New Case of Intragroup Infanticide in the Chimpanzees of Gombe National Park
Method for Assigning Categorical Rank in Female Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii via the Frequency of Approaches
Severe Aggression Among Female Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii at Gombe National Park, Tanzania
Male dominance rank and reproductive success in chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii
Alpha male chimpanzee grooming patterns
In social primates, individuals use various tactics to compete for dominance rank. Grooming, displays and contact aggression are common components of a male chimpanzee's dominance repertoire. The optimal combination of these behaviors is likely to differ among males with individuals exhibiting a dominance “style” that reflects their tendency to use cooperative and/or agonistic dominance tactics. Here, we examine the grooming behavior of three alp…
A Retrospective Analysis of Factors Correlated to Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) Respiratory Health at Gombe National Park, Tanzania
The Appearance and Spread of Ant Fishing among the Kasekela Chimpanzees of Gombe
Chimpanzees exhibit cultural variation, yet examples of successful cultural transmission between wild communities are lacking. Here we provide the first account of tool-assisted predation ("ant fishing") on Camponotus ants by the Kasekela and Mitumba communities of Gombe National Park. We then consider three hypotheses for the appearance and spread of this behavior in Kasekela: (1) changes in prey availability or other environmental factors, (2) …
Validation of a Field Technique and Characterization of Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite Analysis in Wild Chimpanzees ( P an troglodytes)
Monitoring adrenocortical activity in wild primate populations is critical, given the well‐documented relationship between stress, health, and reproduction. Although many primate studies have quantified fecal glucocorticoid metabolite ( FGM ) concentrations, it is imperative that researchers validate their method for each species. Here, we describe and validate a technique for field extraction and storage of FGM s in wild chimpanzees ( P an trogl…
Maternal Behavior by Birth Order in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Parental investment theory predicts that maternal resources are finite and allocated among offspring based on factors including maternal age and condition, and offspring sex and parity. Among humans, firstborn children are often considered to have an advantage and receive greater investment than their younger siblings. However, conflicting evidence for this "firstborn advantage" between modern and hunter-gatherer societies raises questions about …
Maternal Behavior and Physiological Stress Levels in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)
Reproductive state and rank influence patterns of meat consumption in wild female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)
The relationship between social play and developmental milestones in wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii )
Social play is common among many group-living animals, but the benefits are not well understood. Proposed benefits include increased muscle coordination as the result of increased locomotor versatility and development, and strengthened social bonds through interactions with like-aged individuals. In this study, we used 33 years of long-term behavioral data on infant chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, to examine these potential benefits…
Predation by female chimpanzees
Do juveniles help or hinder? Influence of juvenile offspring on maternal behavior and reproductive outcomes in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Maternal effects on offspring stress physiology in wild chimpanzees
Early life experiences are known to influence hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis development, which can impact health outcomes through the individual's ability to mount appropriate physiological reactions to stressors. In primates, these early experiences are most often mediated through the mother and can include the physiological environment experienced during gestation. Here, we investigate stress physiology of dependent offspring in wil…
Socioecological correlates of clinical signs in two communities of wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) at Gombe National Park, Tanzania
Disease and other health hazards pose serious threats to the persistence of wild ape populations. The total chimpanzee population at Gombe National Park, Tanzania, has declined from an estimated 120 to 150 individuals in the 1960's to around 100 individuals by the end of 2013, with death associated with observable signs of disease as the leading cause of mortality. In 2004, we began a non-invasive health-monitoring program in the two habituated c…
Non‐invasive quantification of immunoglobulin A in chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ) at Gombe National Park, Tanzania
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the primary antibody responsible for mucosal defense in mammals and has been used as a marker for chronic stress and immune status. Therefore, this antibody may provide a more reliable indicator of an individual's immunocompetence than is currently available through other methods. Immunoglobulin A has never before been quantified in a wild population of non-human primates using non-invasive sample collection techniques. …
Syndromic Surveillance of Respiratory Disease in Free-Living Chimpanzees
Sources of variation in weaned age among wild chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania
OBJECTIVES: A key feature of human life history evolution is that modern humans wean their infants 2-4 years earlier on average than African apes. However, our understanding of weaning variation in apes remains limited. Here we provide the first such report in chimpanzees by examining weaned age variation using long-term data from Gombe National Park, Tanzania. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed 41 years of observational behavioral data from 65 of…
Wild bonobo and chimpanzee females exhibit broadly similar patterns of behavioral maturation but some evidence for divergence
OBJECTIVES: Primates exhibit variation in rates of growth and development. Variation in female growth and development across ape species appears to be explained by the Ecological Risk Aversion Hypothesis (ERAH). Indeed, existing data on variation in somatic growth and reproductive maturation between humans' closest living ape relatives, bonobos and chimpanzees, appear to be consistent with this hypothesis. However, existing data on behavioral mat…
Immature Male Chimpanzees’ (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) Social Relationships with Adult Males, but Not Peers, Persist into Adulthood
Wild chimpanzee offspring exhibit adult‐like foraging patterns around the age of weaning
OBJECTIVES: The prolonged juvenile period exhibited by primates is an evolutionary conundrum. Here we examine wild chimpanzee feeding development in the context of two hypotheses regarding prolonged development in primates: the needing-to-learn hypothesis and the expensive brain hypothesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) offspring at Gombe National Park, Tanzania. We analyzed 41 years of observat…
In vivo deciduous dental eruption in LuiKotale bonobos and Gombe chimpanzees
OBJECTIVES: Existing data on bonobo and chimpanzee dental eruption timing are derived predominantly from captive individuals or deceased wild individuals. However, recent advances in noninvasive photographic monitoring of living, wild apes have enabled researchers to characterize dental eruption in relatively healthy individuals under naturalistic conditions. At present, such data are available for only one population of wild chimpanzees. We repo…
The Gombe Ecosystem Health Project
Infectious disease outbreaks pose a significant threat to the conservation of chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) and all threatened nonhuman primates. Characterizing and mitigating these threats to support the sustainability and welfare of wild populations is of the highest priority. In an attempt to understand and mitigate the risk of disease for the chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania, we initiated a long‐term health‐monitoring program in…
Drinking frequency in wild lactating chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ) and their offspring
Maintaining water balance is essential for organismal health, and lactating females must balance individual needs with milk production and offspring hydration. Primate milk is dilute and presumed to be the primary source for infant hydration for a considerable time period. Few studies have investigated the hydration burden that lactation may place on female primates. In this study, we investigated sources of variation in female and offspring drin…
Biology (25 works) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (24 works) · Ecology (20 works) · Troglodytes (17 works) · Demography (15 works) · Zoology (12 works) · Offspring (11 works) · Psychology (11 works) · Developmental psychology (10 works) · Geography (9 works)