Bernard Hamilton
Biographic Data
| ID | 5364931 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Bernard Hamilton |
| GIVEN NAMES | Bernard |
| FAMILY NAME | Hamilton |
| SIGNATURE | HAMILTON B |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Nottingham |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 26 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 9 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 25 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1965 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
The Mount Sinai Monastery
Mount Sinai had already been a site of the veneration of Moses for two centuries when Emperor Justinian founded a monastery on the site of the Burning Bush in the sixth century. Subsequently the site attracted worship from Muslims as well as Christians after the Arab conquest of Sinai, but although a mosque was built there the monastery remained protected under successive Muslim regimes. From the late twelfth century onward the monastery was also…
Latin and Greek Monasticism in the Crusader States
Cathars in Question
The Latin Church in the Crusader States
This is the first major work on the history of the secular church in the Frankish states of Syria and the Holy Land - a subject which has not hitherto attracted the interest of ecclesiastical historians. The present book has been written to fill this important gap in crusader studies. It deals with the period stretching from the establishment of a Latin hierarchy after the First Crusade to the final conquest by the Mamluks in 1291. Dr Hamilton ex…
Western Christian Contacts with Buddhism, c.1050–1350
The existence of Buddhism was known to some people in the Graeco-Roman world. Writing about two centuries after the birth of Christ, Clement of Alexandria recorded: ‘Some of the Indians obey the precepts of Buddha, whom, on account of his extraordinary sanctity, they have raised to divine honours.’ No Latin translation was made of this part of Clement’s work, and nothing was known of Buddhism in Western Europe in the early Middle Ages. In 1048 an…
Perfection and Pragmatism
When the Cathar Church was first established in southern France in the twelfth century it was generally tolerated by the secular authorities. At that time its hierarchy recognized only one type of Cathar household, which consisted of single-sex communities of initiated members known as ‘the perfect’. After the introduction of the Papal Inquisition in Languedoc in 1233, the Cathar Church was systematically persecuted and one consequence of this wa…
An Anglican View of the Crusades
This essay is concerned with the ways in which the English Reformation changed the understanding of the crusade movement from that held in the Middle Ages. The papally inspired crusade movement was not an attractive subject to sixteenth-century Protestant scholars. As Christopher Tyerman has remarked in his study, England and the Crusades , it was not until 1639 that ‘Thomas Fuller published his Historie of the Holy Warre , the first, and one of …
St. Symeon the New Theologian and Western Dissident Movements
The trial at Orleans in 1022 of a group of aristocratic clergy, who included the confessor of Queen Constance of France, and their followers on the charge of heresy is the most fully reported among the group of heresy trials which were conducted in the Western Church during the first half of the eleventh century. Although the alleged heretics of Orleans are usually considered a part of a wider pattern of Western religious dissent, the charges bro…
Some Popes in English Literature c. 1850–1950
In 1850 the Roman Catholic hierarchy was re-established in England. Although this caused widespread resentment, one consequence was, as its critics had feared, that the pope once again became a part of English social and religious life. This change was reflected in English creative writing during the next hundred years. Here and throughout this essay I use the term English rather than British advisedly, because different conditions obtained in ot…
Why did the Crusader States Produce so Few Saints
The crusading movement was an important part of the attempt by the papal reformers of the eleventh century to integrate the turbulent and powerful warrior class of western Europe into Christian society. Pope Urban II’s aim was to persuade these fighting men to use their skills in defence of Christendom, and to form an armed force directed by the Church. Crusading would enable the warriors to combine their military abilities with the practice of t…
Robert of Arbrissel
The Sepulchre of Christ and the Medieval West
God Wills It’
Robert the Monk, who was present at the Council of Clermont in 1095 and heard Urban II preach the crusade sermon, reports that when he had finished speaking all who were there shouted: ‘God wills it. God wills it’. The pope, Robert tells us, saw in this unanimity a sign of divine inspiration: ‘I tell you that God has drawn this response from you to express the feeling which he has inspired in your hearts’. Yet although Urban’s arguments and eloqu…
The Inquisition, Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh
Our Lady of Saidnaiya
The fortified convent of Saidnaiya (often called Sardeney by medieval Western writers) is situated on a rocky outcrop some twelve miles to the north of Damascus. It claims to have been founded by Justinian, but it is not mentioned in the De aedificiis of Procopius, and its origins are uncertain. The earliest surviving description of it may be that given by Burchard of Strasbourg, the ambassador of Frederick Barbarossa to the court of Saladin, who…
The legacy of Charles Schmidt to the study of Christian dualism
Charles Schmidt's Histoire et doctrine de la secte des Cathares was published 150 years ago and marked the beginning of the modern scholarly study of Catharism. This article examines, with special reference to recent publications, how well Schmidt's work has stood the test of time. The topic is dealt with under the five broad headings which Schmidt himself used: Cathar origins; The spread of Catharism in Western Europe; The decline of Catharism a…
Die Kreuzfahrerstaaten als multikulturelle Gesellschaft
Families, Crusades and Settlement in the Latin East, 1102East, -1131 Going by the evidence for men making a vow which involved 'taking the cross' in m ilitary expeditions which were at the same time pilgrim ages1, one can be certain that at least three crusades were launched to the East between the end of the First Crusade in 1102 and the death of King Baldwin II of Jerusalem in 1131. The cru sade of 1107, the brainchild of Bohemond of Taranto, e…
Knowing the Enemy
In 1076, some twenty years before the First Crusade was launched, Pope Gregory VII wrote to al-Nāşir, Sultan of Bougie in what is now Algeria: For there is nothing which Almighty God, who wishes that all men should be saved and that no man should perish, more approves in our conduct, than that a man should first love God and then his fellow men ... Most certainly you and we ought to love each other in this way more than other races of men, becaus…
Eleanor of castile and the crusading movement
(1995). Eleanor of castile and the crusading movement. Mediterranean Historical Review: Vol. 10, No. 1-2, pp. 92-103
Ideals of Holiness
ideals appear more incompatible than that of the crusader vowed to religious violence and that of the monk vowed to contemplative prayer. Some people at the time of the First Crusade, such as St Anselm, certainly took this view.1 But such an attitude was not common, because monks took a leading part in launching the crusade movement and in perpetuating it. Urban II, who preached the First Crusade, was a former prior of Cluny, while the Second Cru…
The Ottomans, the humanists and the holy house of Loreto
A Medieval Urban Church
Although the great majority of first-generation western settlers in the crusader states must have come from rural areas, most of them lived in towns when they reached the levant. This presented no problem: there was plenty of space in the towns of Outremer, for the Franks either slaughtered their Moslem inhabitants or, more commonly, expelled them. Initially, therefore, the towns of Frankish Syria were inhabited only by Franks and native Christia…
The Elephant of Christ
It is written in the Koran: Hast thou not seen how thy Lord dealt with the army of the Elephant? Did he not cause their strategem to miscarry? Historically the Elephant was the Christian king of Ethiopia who attacked Mecca in 570, but some twelfth-century Moslems considered that this sura was a prophetic reference to Reynald of Châtillon, who was singled out as the chief enemy of Islam
Rebuilding Zion
It is unusual for a period of Christian renewal to begin with a massacre, yet that is what happened when the crusaders entered Jerusalem on 15 July 1099. Raymond of Aguilers, chaplain of the count of Toulouse, boasted that they rode through moslem corpses heaped up in the Haram al-Sharif with blood ‘even to the horse bridles’ This should not obscure the fact that the crusading movement was motivated partly by a growing devotion to the humanity of…
Short Notices
Journal Article Short Notices Get access BERNARD HAMILTON BERNARD HAMILTON University of Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXXII, Issue CCCXXII, January 1967, Pages 144-b–145, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXXII.CCCXXII.144-b Published: 01 January 1967
Our Lady of Saidnaiya
The fortified convent of Saidnaiya (often called Sardeney by medieval Western writers) is situated on a rocky outcrop some twelve miles to the north of Damascus. It claims to have been founded by Justinian, but it is not mentioned in the De aedificiis of Procopius, and its origins are uncertain. The earliest surviving description of it may be that given by Burchard of Strasbourg, the ambassador of Frederick Barbarossa to the court of Saladin, who…
The legacy of Charles Schmidt to the study of Christian dualism
Charles Schmidt's Histoire et doctrine de la secte des Cathares was published 150 years ago and marked the beginning of the modern scholarly study of Catharism. This article examines, with special reference to recent publications, how well Schmidt's work has stood the test of time. The topic is dealt with under the five broad headings which Schmidt himself used: Cathar origins; The spread of Catharism in Western Europe; The decline of Catharism a…
Knowing the Enemy
In 1076, some twenty years before the First Crusade was launched, Pope Gregory VII wrote to al-Nāşir, Sultan of Bougie in what is now Algeria: For there is nothing which Almighty God, who wishes that all men should be saved and that no man should perish, more approves in our conduct, than that a man should first love God and then his fellow men ... Most certainly you and we ought to love each other in this way more than other races of men, becaus…
Rebuilding Zion
It is unusual for a period of Christian renewal to begin with a massacre, yet that is what happened when the crusaders entered Jerusalem on 15 July 1099. Raymond of Aguilers, chaplain of the count of Toulouse, boasted that they rode through moslem corpses heaped up in the Haram al-Sharif with blood ‘even to the horse bridles’ This should not obscure the fact that the crusading movement was motivated partly by a growing devotion to the humanity of…
Ideals of Holiness
ideals appear more incompatible than that of the crusader vowed to religious violence and that of the monk vowed to contemplative prayer. Some people at the time of the First Crusade, such as St Anselm, certainly took this view.1 But such an attitude was not common, because monks took a leading part in launching the crusade movement and in perpetuating it. Urban II, who preached the First Crusade, was a former prior of Cluny, while the Second Cru…
Short Notices
Short Notices BERNARD HAMILTON BERNARD HAMILTON University of Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXX, Issue CCCXV, April 1965, Pages 373–374, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXX.CCCXV.373 Published: 01 April 1965
Short Notices
Journal Article Short Notices Get access BERNARD HAMILTON BERNARD HAMILTON University of Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXXII, Issue CCCXXII, January 1967, Pages 144-b–145, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXXII.CCCXXII.144-b Published: 01 January 1967
Rebuilding Zion
It is unusual for a period of Christian renewal to begin with a massacre, yet that is what happened when the crusaders entered Jerusalem on 15 July 1099. Raymond of Aguilers, chaplain of the count of Toulouse, boasted that they rode through moslem corpses heaped up in the Haram al-Sharif with blood ‘even to the horse bridles’ This should not obscure the fact that the crusading movement was motivated partly by a growing devotion to the humanity of…
The Elephant of Christ
It is written in the Koran: Hast thou not seen how thy Lord dealt with the army of the Elephant? Did he not cause their strategem to miscarry? Historically the Elephant was the Christian king of Ethiopia who attacked Mecca in 570, but some twelfth-century Moslems considered that this sura was a prophetic reference to Reynald of Châtillon, who was singled out as the chief enemy of Islam
A Medieval Urban Church
Although the great majority of first-generation western settlers in the crusader states must have come from rural areas, most of them lived in towns when they reached the levant. This presented no problem: there was plenty of space in the towns of Outremer, for the Franks either slaughtered their Moslem inhabitants or, more commonly, expelled them. Initially, therefore, the towns of Frankish Syria were inhabited only by Franks and native Christia…
The Ottomans, the humanists and the holy house of Loreto
Eleanor of castile and the crusading movement
(1995). Eleanor of castile and the crusading movement. Mediterranean Historical Review: Vol. 10, No. 1-2, pp. 92-103
Ideals of Holiness
ideals appear more incompatible than that of the crusader vowed to religious violence and that of the monk vowed to contemplative prayer. Some people at the time of the First Crusade, such as St Anselm, certainly took this view.1 But such an attitude was not common, because monks took a leading part in launching the crusade movement and in perpetuating it. Urban II, who preached the First Crusade, was a former prior of Cluny, while the Second Cru…
Die Kreuzfahrerstaaten als multikulturelle Gesellschaft
Families, Crusades and Settlement in the Latin East, 1102East, -1131 Going by the evidence for men making a vow which involved 'taking the cross' in m ilitary expeditions which were at the same time pilgrim ages1, one can be certain that at least three crusades were launched to the East between the end of the First Crusade in 1102 and the death of King Baldwin II of Jerusalem in 1131. The cru sade of 1107, the brainchild of Bohemond of Taranto, e…
Knowing the Enemy
In 1076, some twenty years before the First Crusade was launched, Pope Gregory VII wrote to al-Nāşir, Sultan of Bougie in what is now Algeria: For there is nothing which Almighty God, who wishes that all men should be saved and that no man should perish, more approves in our conduct, than that a man should first love God and then his fellow men ... Most certainly you and we ought to love each other in this way more than other races of men, becaus…
The legacy of Charles Schmidt to the study of Christian dualism
Charles Schmidt's Histoire et doctrine de la secte des Cathares was published 150 years ago and marked the beginning of the modern scholarly study of Catharism. This article examines, with special reference to recent publications, how well Schmidt's work has stood the test of time. The topic is dealt with under the five broad headings which Schmidt himself used: Cathar origins; The spread of Catharism in Western Europe; The decline of Catharism a…
Our Lady of Saidnaiya
The fortified convent of Saidnaiya (often called Sardeney by medieval Western writers) is situated on a rocky outcrop some twelve miles to the north of Damascus. It claims to have been founded by Justinian, but it is not mentioned in the De aedificiis of Procopius, and its origins are uncertain. The earliest surviving description of it may be that given by Burchard of Strasbourg, the ambassador of Frederick Barbarossa to the court of Saladin, who…
The Inquisition, Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh
God Wills It’
Robert the Monk, who was present at the Council of Clermont in 1095 and heard Urban II preach the crusade sermon, reports that when he had finished speaking all who were there shouted: ‘God wills it. God wills it’. The pope, Robert tells us, saw in this unanimity a sign of divine inspiration: ‘I tell you that God has drawn this response from you to express the feeling which he has inspired in your hearts’. Yet although Urban’s arguments and eloqu…
Robert of Arbrissel
The Sepulchre of Christ and the Medieval West
Why did the Crusader States Produce so Few Saints
The crusading movement was an important part of the attempt by the papal reformers of the eleventh century to integrate the turbulent and powerful warrior class of western Europe into Christian society. Pope Urban II’s aim was to persuade these fighting men to use their skills in defence of Christendom, and to form an armed force directed by the Church. Crusading would enable the warriors to combine their military abilities with the practice of t…
St. Symeon the New Theologian and Western Dissident Movements
The trial at Orleans in 1022 of a group of aristocratic clergy, who included the confessor of Queen Constance of France, and their followers on the charge of heresy is the most fully reported among the group of heresy trials which were conducted in the Western Church during the first half of the eleventh century. Although the alleged heretics of Orleans are usually considered a part of a wider pattern of Western religious dissent, the charges bro…
Some Popes in English Literature c. 1850–1950
In 1850 the Roman Catholic hierarchy was re-established in England. Although this caused widespread resentment, one consequence was, as its critics had feared, that the pope once again became a part of English social and religious life. This change was reflected in English creative writing during the next hundred years. Here and throughout this essay I use the term English rather than British advisedly, because different conditions obtained in ot…
An Anglican View of the Crusades
This essay is concerned with the ways in which the English Reformation changed the understanding of the crusade movement from that held in the Middle Ages. The papally inspired crusade movement was not an attractive subject to sixteenth-century Protestant scholars. As Christopher Tyerman has remarked in his study, England and the Crusades , it was not until 1639 that ‘Thomas Fuller published his Historie of the Holy Warre , the first, and one of …
Perfection and Pragmatism
When the Cathar Church was first established in southern France in the twelfth century it was generally tolerated by the secular authorities. At that time its hierarchy recognized only one type of Cathar household, which consisted of single-sex communities of initiated members known as ‘the perfect’. After the introduction of the Papal Inquisition in Languedoc in 1233, the Cathar Church was systematically persecuted and one consequence of this wa…
Western Christian Contacts with Buddhism, c.1050–1350
The existence of Buddhism was known to some people in the Graeco-Roman world. Writing about two centuries after the birth of Christ, Clement of Alexandria recorded: ‘Some of the Indians obey the precepts of Buddha, whom, on account of his extraordinary sanctity, they have raised to divine honours.’ No Latin translation was made of this part of Clement’s work, and nothing was known of Buddhism in Western Europe in the early Middle Ages. In 1048 an…
Cathars in Question
The Latin Church in the Crusader States
This is the first major work on the history of the secular church in the Frankish states of Syria and the Holy Land - a subject which has not hitherto attracted the interest of ecclesiastical historians. The present book has been written to fill this important gap in crusader studies. It deals with the period stretching from the establishment of a Latin hierarchy after the First Crusade to the final conquest by the Mamluks in 1291. Dr Hamilton ex…
Latin and Greek Monasticism in the Crusader States
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