Gary A Giovino
Biographic Data
| ID | 5378853 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Gary A Giovino |
| GIVEN NAMES | Gary A |
| FAMILY NAME | Giovino |
| SIGNATURE | GIOVINO G A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University at Buffalo, State University of New York |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0343-8449 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 41 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 114 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 41 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1989 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Use of Electronic Cigarettes in Smoke-Free Spaces by Smokers: Results from the 2014–2015 Population Assessment on Tobacco and Health Study
Background : Smoke-free air policies exist to protect users and nonusers from exposure to tobacco smoke. Although electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) may expose passerby to nicotine and particulate matter, few US states regulate indoor use of ENDS. The purpose of this study was to investigate reported rationales for ENDS use and reported ENDS use in public smoke-free places by dual cigarette/ENDS users. Methods : A population of ENDS/ciga…
PhenX: Host: Biobehavioral measures for tobacco regulatory research
A working group (WG) of experts from diverse fields related to nicotine and tobacco addiction was constituted to identify constructs and measures for the PhenX (Phenotypes and eXposures) Tobacco Regulatory Research (TRR) Host: Biobehavioral Collection with potential relevance to users of both conventional and newer tobacco products. This paper describes the methods and results the WG used to identify, select, approve and place measures in the Phe…
Global statistics on alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use: 2017 Status Report
Patterns and Trends of Hookah Use among New Jersey Youth: New Jersey Youth Tobacco Survey 2008-2014
In this study, the aim was to document trends of ever, past 30-day, and frequent (use on > 10 days/month) hookah use among New Jersey (NJ) high school students.Data were analyzed from the 2008-2014 waves of the NJ Youth Tobacco Survey, a biennial survey of public high school students in grades 9-12 with a mean age of 15 years. Multivariable logistic regressions assessed trends and correlates of hookah use. Descriptive statistics were used to summ…
Changes in the prevalence and correlates of menthol cigarette use in the USA, 2004–2014
The youngest smokers are most likely to use menthol cigarettes. Among smokers, increases in overall menthol cigarette use and menthol cigarette use in whites, Asians and Hispanics since 2010 are of concern. There is tremendous urgency to limit the impact of menthol cigarettes on public health, particularly the health of youth and young adults
Cigarette Smoking and Mental Illness: A Study of Nicotine Withdrawal
Objectives. We compared prevalence, severity, and specific symptom profiles for nicotine withdrawal across categories of mental illness. We also examined the influence of nicotine withdrawal on efforts to quit smoking among those with mental illness. Methods. We analyzed data from 2 sources: wave 1 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, limiting the sample to current smokers (2001–2002; n = 9913); and a 2-wave coh…
Differential trends in cigarette smoking in the USA: Is menthol slowing progress
Young people are heavy consumers of mentholated cigarettes. Progress in reducing youth smoking has likely been attenuated by the sale and marketing of mentholated cigarettes, including emerging varieties of established youth brands. This study should inform the Food and Drug Administration regarding the potential public health impact of a menthol ban
Tobacco use in 3 billion individuals from 16 countries: An analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional household surveys
Dispelling myths about gender differences in smoking cessation: Population data from the USA, Canada and Britain
Conclusions about gender differences in smoking cessation should be based on evidence from the general population rather than from atypical clinical samples. This study has found convincing evidence that men in general are not more likely to quit smoking successfully than women
Menthol Brand Switching Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the National Youth Smoking Cessation Survey
This study examines patterns of menthol and nonmenthol cigarette use from 2003 to 2005 in a cohort of smokers, aged 16 to 24 years in the National Youth Smoking Cessation Survey. At follow-up, 15.0% of baseline menthol smokers had switched to nonmentholated cigarettes; by contrast, 6.9% of baseline nonmenthol smokers had switched to mentholated cigarettes. Differences in switching patterns were evident by gender, race/ethnicity, parental educatio…
Smokers' self-reported responses to the introduction of reduced ignition propensity (RIP) cigarettes: Table 1
The introduction of RIP cigarettes in Massachusetts yielded little change, and no adverse effect, on self-reported smoker response, among a sample of mostly Caucasian smokers
Cigarettes sold in China: Design, emissions and metals
Results suggest that cigarettes in China increasingly resemble those sold in Western countries, but with tobacco containing higher levels of heavy metals. As CNTC looks to export its product around the world, independent surveillance of tobacco product characteristics, including tobacco blend characteristics, will become increasingly important
Smoke-free laws and secondhand smoke exposure in US non-smoking adults, 1999–2002
These results support the scientific evidence suggesting that smoke-free laws are an effective strategy for reducing SHS exposure
Maximum yields might improve public health—if filter vents were banned: A lesson from the history of vented filters
Filter ventilation is the dominant design feature of the modern cigarette that determines yields of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide on smoking machine tests. The commercial use of filter ventilation was precipitated by the 1964 United States Surgeon-General's report, further advanced by the adoption of an official Federal Trade Commission test in 1967, and still further advanced by the inclusion of a gas phase (carbon monoxide) measure in 1979…
Smokers’ reactions to reduced ignition propensity cigarettes
A significant minority of smokers in NY reported noticing changes in the performance of their cigarettes following the RIP law, as would be expected. However, the RIP law appears to have had no impact on the smoking habits of New Yorkers, countering arguments made by cigarette manufacturers that the law would impact consumer acceptability
Trends in Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Adults and Adolescents in the United States
Objectives. Smokeless tobacco has many adverse health effects. We analyzed long-term national trends in smokeless tobacco use. Methods. We used 1987 to 2000 National Health Interview Survey data for adults aged 18 years and older, 1986 to 2003 data from Monitoring the Future surveys of adolescents, and 1991 to 2003 data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey for 9th- to 12th-grade students to examine overall and demographic-specific trends. Results.…
Access to Low-Taxed Cigarettes Deters Smoking Cessation Attempts
We examined whether smokers who purchased low-taxed cigarettes from American Indian reservations had lower quit attempt and cessation rates than did smokers who purchased cigarettes from full-price outlets. Smokers who bought cigarettes from American Indian reservations were half as likely to make a quit attempt and had a nonsignificant trend toward lower cessation rates (20% vs 10%) compared with those who bought full-priced cigarettes. Interven…
State Tobacco Control Spending and Youth Smoking
Objective. We examined the relationship between state-level tobacco control expenditures and youth smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption. Methods. We estimated a 2-part model of cigarette demand using data from the 1991 through 2000 nationally representative surveys of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students as part of the Monitoring the Future project. Results. We found that real per capita expenditures on tobacco control had a negative and …
Tobacco Harm Reduction Involves More Than Cigarette Harm Reduction
I contributed to the Institute of Medicine report Clearing the Smoke: Assessing the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction,1 and I am writing to correct misrepresentations made about it in 2 recent articles in the Journal.2,3 The articles suggest that the report signals a rebirth of “safer cigarettes”2 and that it was primarily about cigarette harm reduction and less hazardous cigarettes.3 However, the report did not endorse any specific class o…
Tobacco Institute lobbying at the state and local levels of government in the 1990s
The findings from this study support the hypothesis that in the 1990s tobacco control activities such as raising cigarette excise taxes and participation in ASSIST attracted TI resources to undermine these efforts
Mentholated cigarettes and smoking cessation: Findings from Commit
Future work is needed to clarify the physiological and sociocultural mechanisms involved in mentholated cigarette smoking
Tobacco Industry Marketing at Point of Purchase After the 1998 MSA Billboard Advertising Ban
Point-of-purchase marketing has become increasingly important for the tobacco industry in the United States.1 In the wake of the 1998 master settlement agreement (MSA) that required tobacco advertising on billboards across the country to end on April 24, 1999, the point-of-purchase environment is likely to assume even greater importance in the industry's marketing efforts. One goal of the billboard advertising ban (as well as other MSA advertisin…
Why Joe Camel is still smiling
Smoked: why Joe Camel is still smiling. Mike A Males. Monroe, Maine: Common Courage Press, 1999. ISBN 1-56751-172-4. This provocative book is a critique of the anti-tobacco campaign in the USA in the 1990s. At the beginning of the decade, Males writes, the industry was in retreat. After several years of dealing with C Everett Koop, the most effective surgeon general in history, the industry was faced with the prospect of a smoke free society by t…
Husten and Giovino Respond
Husten and Giovino Respond Corinne G. Husten, and Gary Giovino E P Elkin, G C Windham, N L Benowitz, and S H SwanCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.89.3.421 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Incidence and predictors of smokeless tobacco use among US youth
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to provide estimates of the cumulative incidence of initiation of smokeless tobacco use in a cohort of young persons and to explore sociodemographic, environmental, behavioral, and personal predictors of experimentation with and regular use of snuff or chewing tobacco. METHODS: The data for this cohort study were derived from the 1989 Teenage Attitudes and Practices Survey and its 1993 follow-up. The stud…
Debunking myths about self-quitting: Evidence from 10 prospective studies of persons who attempt to quit smoking by themselves
This article examines data from 10 longterm prospective studies (N greater than 5,000) in relation to key issues about the self-quitting of smoking, especially those discussed by Schachter. When a single attempt to quit was evaluated, self-quitters' success rates were no better than those reported for formal treatment programs. Light smokers (20 or less cigarettes per day) were 2.2 times more likely to quit than heavy smokers. The cyclical nature…
Trends in cigarette smoking among US adolescents, 1974 through 1991
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to determine national trends in adolescent cigarette smoking prevalence. METHODS. We conducted trend analyses based on 1974 through 1991 current smoking prevalence data among persons aged 12 through 19 years from the National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse, High School Seniors Surveys, and National Health Interview Surveys. RESULTS. Overall smoking prevalence declined much more rapidly from 1974 through …
State Tobacco Control Spending and Youth Smoking
Objective. We examined the relationship between state-level tobacco control expenditures and youth smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption. Methods. We estimated a 2-part model of cigarette demand using data from the 1991 through 2000 nationally representative surveys of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students as part of the Monitoring the Future project. Results. We found that real per capita expenditures on tobacco control had a negative and …
The report of the Surgeon General: Preventing tobacco use among young people
This year's surgeon general's report on smoking and health is the first such report to focus on young people. From extensive data that indicate that tobacco use is a pediatric epidemic, the report reached six major conclusions: (1) Nearly all first use of tobacco occurs by age 18. (2) Most adolescent smokers are addicted to nicotine. (3) Tobacco is often the first drug used by young people who subsequently use illegal drugs. (4) There are identif…
Intermittent smokers: A descriptive analysis of persons who have never smoked daily
OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the prevalence of and demographic variables associated with lifetime never-daily smoking in the United States. METHODS: Descriptive demographic data and logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations with never-daily smoking. RESULTS: Lifetime never-daily smokers constituted a significant minority of non-White smokers. There was a strong association between never-daily smoking and college education …
Tobacco Industry Marketing at Point of Purchase After the 1998 MSA Billboard Advertising Ban
Point-of-purchase marketing has become increasingly important for the tobacco industry in the United States.1 In the wake of the 1998 master settlement agreement (MSA) that required tobacco advertising on billboards across the country to end on April 24, 1999, the point-of-purchase environment is likely to assume even greater importance in the industry's marketing efforts. One goal of the billboard advertising ban (as well as other MSA advertisin…
The relationship between cigarette smoking and education revisited: Implications for categorizing persons' educational status
OBJECTIVE: This study sought to reassess the relationship between cigarette smoking and education. METHODS: Data from the 1983 to 1991 National Health Interview Survey for participants aged 25 years and older were used to plot the prevalence of current smoking, ever smoking, heavy smoking, and smoking cessation, as well as the adjusted log odds ratios, by years of education. RESULTS: The "less than high school graduate" category consisted of two …
Cigarette smoking and its risk factors among elementary school students in Beijing
OBJECTIVES. This study investigated patterns of and risk factors for smoking among elementary school children in Beijing, China. METHODS. In 1988, anonymous questionnaires were administered to a multistage stratified cluster sample of 16996 students, aged mostly 10 to 12, in 479 fourth- to sixth-grade classes from 122 Beijing elementary schools. RESULTS. Approximately 28% of boys and 3% of girls had smoked cigarettes. The most frequently cited re…
Access to Low-Taxed Cigarettes Deters Smoking Cessation Attempts
We examined whether smokers who purchased low-taxed cigarettes from American Indian reservations had lower quit attempt and cessation rates than did smokers who purchased cigarettes from full-price outlets. Smokers who bought cigarettes from American Indian reservations were half as likely to make a quit attempt and had a nonsignificant trend toward lower cessation rates (20% vs 10%) compared with those who bought full-priced cigarettes. Interven…
The vital diversity of tobacco control research
The vital diversity of tobacco control research. G A Giovino, M P Eriksen, and J W McKennaCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.82.9.1203 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Incidence and predictors of smokeless tobacco use among US youth
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to provide estimates of the cumulative incidence of initiation of smokeless tobacco use in a cohort of young persons and to explore sociodemographic, environmental, behavioral, and personal predictors of experimentation with and regular use of snuff or chewing tobacco. METHODS: The data for this cohort study were derived from the 1989 Teenage Attitudes and Practices Survey and its 1993 follow-up. The stud…
Cigarette Smoking and Mental Illness: A Study of Nicotine Withdrawal
Objectives. We compared prevalence, severity, and specific symptom profiles for nicotine withdrawal across categories of mental illness. We also examined the influence of nicotine withdrawal on efforts to quit smoking among those with mental illness. Methods. We analyzed data from 2 sources: wave 1 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, limiting the sample to current smokers (2001–2002; n = 9913); and a 2-wave coh…
Trends in Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Adults and Adolescents in the United States
Objectives. Smokeless tobacco has many adverse health effects. We analyzed long-term national trends in smokeless tobacco use. Methods. We used 1987 to 2000 National Health Interview Survey data for adults aged 18 years and older, 1986 to 2003 data from Monitoring the Future surveys of adolescents, and 1991 to 2003 data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey for 9th- to 12th-grade students to examine overall and demographic-specific trends. Results.…
National Age and Sex Differences in Quitting Smoking
The 1986 Adult Use of Tobacco Survey conducted by the Office on Smoking and Health of the Centers for Disease Control asked detailed questions on smoking behavior from a representative sample of 13,031 Americans. Using a smoking continuum developed from that survey as an index, it was postulated that a hard-core group of smokers would be overrepresented in some categories of this continuum in certain groups of the population. In this survey, more…
Debunking myths about self-quitting: Evidence from 10 prospective studies of persons who attempt to quit smoking by themselves
This article examines data from 10 longterm prospective studies (N greater than 5,000) in relation to key issues about the self-quitting of smoking, especially those discussed by Schachter. When a single attempt to quit was evaluated, self-quitters' success rates were no better than those reported for formal treatment programs. Light smokers (20 or less cigarettes per day) were 2.2 times more likely to quit than heavy smokers. The cyclical nature…
Smoking Cessation and Severity of Weight Gain in a National Cohort
BACKGROUND: Many believe that the prospect of weight gain discourages smokers from quitting. Accurate estimates of the weight gain related to the cessation of smoking in the general population are not available, however. METHODS: We related changes in body weight to changes in smoking status in adults 25 to 74 years of age who were weighed in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I, 1971 to 1975) and then weighed a se…
Regional trends in cigarette smoking behaviour in the United States
Correspondence and requests for reprints to : Dr Stephen E Marcus, Analytical Studies Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, 5333 Westbard Avenue, Room 522, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Abstract Objective To examine trends in cigar ette smoking behaviour by region of the United States from 1965 to 1987. Design Survey. Setting US population. Participants Random population based samples (9000 to 89000) of adults aged ^ 20 years from 12 na…
The vital diversity of tobacco control research
The vital diversity of tobacco control research. G A Giovino, M P Eriksen, and J W McKennaCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.82.9.1203 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Smoking, HIV infection, and gay men in the United States
Correspondence to D A Arday. Dr Arday is with the Epidemie Intelligence Service. On 13 August 1992, the Wall Street Journal announced, The tobacco industry, after be ing beaten back in its controversial efforts to woo blacks and women, may be turning its marketing muscle on another minority: homosexuals.1 Philip Morris Inc reportedly planned to unveil its new Benson & Hedges Special Kings brand using advertisements in the national gay press. Homo…
Clean indoor air legislation, taxation, and smoking behaviour in the United States: An ecological analysis
Trends in cigarette smoking cessation in the United States
My job today is to update you on trends in cigarette smoking, and, more importantly, smoking cessation in the US; to examine recent patterns of quitting activity in the nation; and to discuss the issue of the ‘hard-core’ smoker. I will discuss cessation methods and a recent report in JAMA by Fiore and colleagues1 on this topic. I will end my discussion with a look at the opportunities for progress that are currently available. Cigarette smoking k…
Tobacco use: A pediatric epidemic
The report of the Surgeon General: Preventing tobacco use among young people
This year's surgeon general's report on smoking and health is the first such report to focus on young people. From extensive data that indicate that tobacco use is a pediatric epidemic, the report reached six major conclusions: (1) Nearly all first use of tobacco occurs by age 18. (2) Most adolescent smokers are addicted to nicotine. (3) Tobacco is often the first drug used by young people who subsequently use illegal drugs. (4) There are identif…
Smokeless tobacco brand preference and brand switching among US adolescents and young adults
Correspondence to : Scott L Tornar, Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop K-50, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA Abstract Objectives -To describe the brand pre ference of young smokeless tobacco users in the US; to examine how this may change with duration, frequency, and intensity of use; and to examine self repor…
Effects of separately ventilated smoking lounges on the health of smokers: Is this an appropriate public health policy
Correspondence to : Dr Michael Siegel, Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop K50, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA Abstract Background There is some evidence that smokers may face an increased risk of lung cancer from environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure. We con sidered the possibility that policies ex posing smokers to high ETS levels in smoking lounges may have an adverse ef…
Trends in cigarette smoking among US adolescents, 1974 through 1991
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to determine national trends in adolescent cigarette smoking prevalence. METHODS. We conducted trend analyses based on 1974 through 1991 current smoking prevalence data among persons aged 12 through 19 years from the National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse, High School Seniors Surveys, and National Health Interview Surveys. RESULTS. Overall smoking prevalence declined much more rapidly from 1974 through …
The relationship between cigarette smoking and education revisited: Implications for categorizing persons' educational status
OBJECTIVE: This study sought to reassess the relationship between cigarette smoking and education. METHODS: Data from the 1983 to 1991 National Health Interview Survey for participants aged 25 years and older were used to plot the prevalence of current smoking, ever smoking, heavy smoking, and smoking cessation, as well as the adjusted log odds ratios, by years of education. RESULTS: The "less than high school graduate" category consisted of two …
Cigarette smoking and its risk factors among elementary school students in Beijing
OBJECTIVES. This study investigated patterns of and risk factors for smoking among elementary school children in Beijing, China. METHODS. In 1988, anonymous questionnaires were administered to a multistage stratified cluster sample of 16996 students, aged mostly 10 to 12, in 479 fourth- to sixth-grade classes from 122 Beijing elementary schools. RESULTS. Approximately 28% of boys and 3% of girls had smoked cigarettes. The most frequently cited re…
Incidence and predictors of smokeless tobacco use among US youth
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to provide estimates of the cumulative incidence of initiation of smokeless tobacco use in a cohort of young persons and to explore sociodemographic, environmental, behavioral, and personal predictors of experimentation with and regular use of snuff or chewing tobacco. METHODS: The data for this cohort study were derived from the 1989 Teenage Attitudes and Practices Survey and its 1993 follow-up. The stud…
Intermittent smokers: A descriptive analysis of persons who have never smoked daily
OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the prevalence of and demographic variables associated with lifetime never-daily smoking in the United States. METHODS: Descriptive demographic data and logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations with never-daily smoking. RESULTS: Lifetime never-daily smokers constituted a significant minority of non-White smokers. There was a strong association between never-daily smoking and college education …
Husten and Giovino Respond
Husten and Giovino Respond Corinne G. Husten, and Gary Giovino E P Elkin, G C Windham, N L Benowitz, and S H SwanCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.89.3.421 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Why Joe Camel is still smiling
Smoked: why Joe Camel is still smiling. Mike A Males. Monroe, Maine: Common Courage Press, 1999. ISBN 1-56751-172-4. This provocative book is a critique of the anti-tobacco campaign in the USA in the 1990s. At the beginning of the decade, Males writes, the industry was in retreat. After several years of dealing with C Everett Koop, the most effective surgeon general in history, the industry was faced with the prospect of a smoke free society by t…
Tobacco Institute lobbying at the state and local levels of government in the 1990s
The findings from this study support the hypothesis that in the 1990s tobacco control activities such as raising cigarette excise taxes and participation in ASSIST attracted TI resources to undermine these efforts
Mentholated cigarettes and smoking cessation: Findings from Commit
Future work is needed to clarify the physiological and sociocultural mechanisms involved in mentholated cigarette smoking
Tobacco Industry Marketing at Point of Purchase After the 1998 MSA Billboard Advertising Ban
Point-of-purchase marketing has become increasingly important for the tobacco industry in the United States.1 In the wake of the 1998 master settlement agreement (MSA) that required tobacco advertising on billboards across the country to end on April 24, 1999, the point-of-purchase environment is likely to assume even greater importance in the industry's marketing efforts. One goal of the billboard advertising ban (as well as other MSA advertisin…
Tobacco Harm Reduction Involves More Than Cigarette Harm Reduction
I contributed to the Institute of Medicine report Clearing the Smoke: Assessing the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction,1 and I am writing to correct misrepresentations made about it in 2 recent articles in the Journal.2,3 The articles suggest that the report signals a rebirth of “safer cigarettes”2 and that it was primarily about cigarette harm reduction and less hazardous cigarettes.3 However, the report did not endorse any specific class o…
Access to Low-Taxed Cigarettes Deters Smoking Cessation Attempts
We examined whether smokers who purchased low-taxed cigarettes from American Indian reservations had lower quit attempt and cessation rates than did smokers who purchased cigarettes from full-price outlets. Smokers who bought cigarettes from American Indian reservations were half as likely to make a quit attempt and had a nonsignificant trend toward lower cessation rates (20% vs 10%) compared with those who bought full-priced cigarettes. Interven…
State Tobacco Control Spending and Youth Smoking
Objective. We examined the relationship between state-level tobacco control expenditures and youth smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption. Methods. We estimated a 2-part model of cigarette demand using data from the 1991 through 2000 nationally representative surveys of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students as part of the Monitoring the Future project. Results. We found that real per capita expenditures on tobacco control had a negative and …
Medicine (41 works) · Smoking Behavior and Cessation (33 works) · Environmental health (32 works) · Demography (22 works) · Population (20 works) · Public health (18 works) · Demography (12 works) · Smoking cessation (12 works) · Tobacco control (12 works) · Psychiatry (11 works)