S V Subramanian
Biographic Data
| ID | 5409753 |
|---|---|
| NAME | S V Subramanian |
| GIVEN NAMES | S V |
| FAMILY NAME | Subramanian |
| SIGNATURE | SUBRAMANIAN S V |
| AFFILIATIONS | Harvard University |
| ORCID | 0009-0009-8336-0274 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 132 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 845 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 130 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2002 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 16 |
Geographies and changes in homeownership in the United States, 1970–2020
Disentangling the associations between women’s decision-making power dynamics and maternal and child health outcomes in 35 SSA countries
Clinical Profile of Young Adults Presenting to Primary Care Clinics: Insights and Future Directions
Background: Young adulthood (18–25 years) represents a critical developmental stage marked by heightened vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. Despite this, there is limited data on the clinical and demographic profiles of young adults seeking mental health care in India. This study analyzed trends and associations in the demographic and clinical characteristics of young adults participating in Collaborative Video Consultations (CVCs) at Primar…
Leaving no one behind: An assessment of the rate of decline in child mortality among the richest and poorest children in 38 low-and-middle-income countries
Geographic variation in lack of food group consumption among children in India: An analysis of change across 720 districts, 2016−2021
Adequate dietary intake in early childhood is essential for growth and development. However, evidence on geographic disparities and recent trends in food group consumption among young children in India remains limited. This study investigated district-level changes in the consumption of specific food groups among children aged 6–23 months in India. Data from two National Family Health Surveys conducted in 2016 and 2021 of India were used, and a h…
Exploring the link between women’s empowerment, depression, and anxiety in Bangladesh: Evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study
Background: Women's mental health remains critically under-researched in Bangladesh, despite its close links with gender inequality. In this study, we examined how three domains of women's empowerment - attitudes to violence, social independence, and decision-making - are associated with mental health outcomes among currently married women in Bangladesh. Methods: Using nationally representative data from the 2022 Bangladesh Demographic and Health…
Prevalence of widowhood across states and union territories in India, 1993–2021: A repeated cross-sectional study
Background: Globally, widowhood affects 258 million females, with India contributing 56 million individuals and 78% of spousal losses being women. Increased life expectancy and reduced mortality inequalities imply a rise in widowhood. Despite profound personal and societal consequences, granular demographic and temporal insights into widowhood in India are limited. This study provides estimates of widowhood prevalence and headcount disaggregated …
Type of water and sanitation facilities and risk of non-partner sexual violence: A multilevel analysis across 31 low- and middle-income countries
Problems in accessing healthcare among women in India: A district-level change analysis, 2016–2021
Limited access to healthcare services among women leads to adverse health outcomes such as high maternal mortality, untreated chronic conditions and poor reproductive and child health. We used data from India’s National Family Health Survey 2015–16 and 2019–21 to examine district-level changes in the percentage of women facing problems in accessing healthcare (Affordability, Proximity, Permission and Support/Companionship). We also estimate how m…
Exploring the Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms Associated With Bullying Victimization: The Intersection of Gender and Family Support
INTRODUCTION: Children from multicultural families in South Korea are at high risk of bullying victimization, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of the challenges they face. This study explores the gendered dynamics of depressive symptoms associated with persistent exposure to bullying victimization among these youths, as well as the role of family support. METHODS: This study utilizes data from nine waves of the Multicultural Adole…
Small area geographic variation in girl and boy child marriage in India: A district-level longitudinal analysis, 2016 and 2021
Background: Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 5.3 aims to 'eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early, and forced marriage'. India is a signatory to the SDGs and tracks this indicator to measure national progress. Geographic inequity in the change in the district-level prevalence of child marriage over time in India has not been previously explored. Methods: We used data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) in India fr…
Association between risk of mortality among children and twin birth in India: An econometric analysis of live births between 1993–2021
Background: Twin births present unique challenges for child survival, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the high burden of global child mortality, there has been no comprehensive assessment of twin births and deaths in India. We analysed the trends and patterns in twin births and deaths in India between 1993 and 2021, examining mortality risks across different phases of early childhood, including the late neonatal phase. M…
Age-specific life expectancies across school districts in the United States: Applying a population weighted geographic crosswalk to aggregate census tract indicators
As standardized geospatial units with social meaning and direct political governance, school districts may be an optimal functional definition of residential neighborhoods. However, few measures of population health are available at the school district level. In this descriptive study, we implemented a novel application of an established geographic crosswalk framework to estimate population-weighted age-specific life expectancies for all 13,592 s…
Prevalence of housing structure and quality indicators in India: An assessment of changes across 720 districts between 2016 and 2021
The extent to which a house is structurally sound is an important marker of housing quality and a determinant of human health. In India, the share of homes that are structurally sound has increased considerably over the past few decades, yet geographical variations persist especially between urban and rural communities. Using data from two rounds of India's National Family Health Survey in 2016 and 2021, we estimated a multilevel model using a Ma…
Effects of a participatory learning and action programme in women's groups on adolescent girls: A cluster-randomized controlled trial in Bihar, India
Our findings suggest that Gram Varta did not change attitudes and knowledge of adolescent girls on the community-level. This could be due to low participation of girls in programme meetings as well as low levels of information sharing between adults who took part in this programme and adolescent girls
Effects of a large-scale participatory learning and action programme in women's groups on knowledge and behaviour related to pregnancy and childcare: A cluster-randomized controlled trial in Bihar, In…
Our results do not discredit the effectiveness of PLA interventions in general. They highlight that PLA interventions delivered through existing women's self-help groups need to consider the particular challenges to participation faced by pregnant women
Changes in prevalence of alcohol and tobacco consumption across districts of India, 2016 and 2021
The national decline in tobacco and alcohol consumption indicates progress. However, there remains a need for continuous and targeted interventions to target high-consumption pockets and address geographic disparities. The results of the present study indicate that interventions focusing on changing tobacco and alcohol consumption should consider the geographical variation at smaller administrative units. By implementing evidence-based policies a…
(Wl-706)-Decentralising Disaster Governance
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Physical Disabilities in Adolescence and Educational Attainment in Adulthood: The Mediating Role of Expectations, Discipline, and School Relationships
Although prior research has examined the impact of developmental disabilities on educational outcomes, limited attention has been paid to physical disabilities and the mechanisms underlying their effects. This study investigates the relationship between adolescent physical disabilities and educational attainment in young adulthood using data from Waves I, II, and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. School fixed ef…
Patterns of change in the association between socioeconomic status and body mass index distribution in India, 1999–2021
Background: Body mass index (BMI) is an important indicator of human health. However, trends in socioeconomic inequalities in BMI over time throughout India are understudied. Filling this gap will elucidate which socioeconomic groups are still at risk for adverse BMI values. Methods: ). We examined the prevalence, standardised absolute change, and odds ratios estimated by multivariable regression models by household wealth and levels of education…
Multilevel analysis of determinants in postnatal care utilisation among mother-newborn pairs in India, 2019–21
Background: Postnatal care (PNC) utilisation within 24 hours of delivery is a critical component of health care services for mothers and newborns. While substantial geographic variations in various health outcomes have been documented in India, there remains a lack of understanding regarding PNC utilisation and underlying factors accounting for these geographic variations. In this study, we aimed to partition and explain the variation in PNC util…
The spillover of violence: The gendered relationship between parental physical violence and peers’ bullying victimization
The Psychological Costs of the Covid-19 Pandemic and Heterogeneous Effects in South Korea: Evidence from a Difference-in-Differences Analysis
Area level indirect exposure to extended conflicts and early childhood anthropometric outcomes in India: A repeat cross-sectional analysis
In-utero and early childhood indirect exposure to protracted conflicts were associated with increased stunting and underweight in India. Given the continued exposures of such historically and contextually rooted internal conflicts in many LMICs, chronic violence exposures should be targeted in public health policies as important social and political determinant of child health
When social identities intersect: Understanding inequities in growth outcomes by religion- caste and religion-tribe as intersecting strata of social hierarchy for Muslim and Hindu children in India
Hindu children had the highest advantages over Muslim children when they belonged to the most privileged castes. Muslim forward caste children were also disadvantaged compared to Hindu children from deprived castes (Hindu OBCs and Hindu SCs), in the case of stunting. Thus, disadvantages from a socially underprivileged religious identity, seemed to override relative social advantages of forward caste identity for Muslim children. Disadvantages bor…
Neighborhood differences in social capital: A compositional artifact or a contextual construct
Future Directions in Residential Segregation and Health Research: A Multilevel Approach
The authors examine the research evidence on the effect of residential segregation on health, identify research gaps, and propose new research directions. Four recommendations are made on the basis of a review of the sociological and social epidemiology literature on residential segregation: (1) develop multilevel research designs to examine the effects of individual, neighborhood, and metropolitan-area factors on health outcomes; (2) continue ex…
Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Monitoring Socioeconomic Gradients in Health: A Comparison of Area-Based Socioeconomic Measures—The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project
Use of multilevel frameworks and area-based socioeconomic measures (ABSMs) for public health monitoring can potentially overcome the absence of socioeconomic data in most US public health surveillance systems. To assess whether ABSMs can meaningfully be used for diverse race/ethnicity–gender groups, we geocoded and linked public health surveillance data from Massachusetts and Rhode Island to 1990 block group, tract, and zip code ABSMs. Outcomes c…
Painting a Truer Picture of US Socioeconomic and Racial/Ethnic Health Inequalities: The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project
Objectives. We describe a method to facilitate routine monitoring of socioeconomic health disparities in the United States. Methods. We analyzed geocoded public health surveillance data including events from birth to death (c. 1990) linked to 1990 census tract (CT) poverty data for Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Results. For virtually all outcomes, risk increased with CT poverty, and when we adjusted for CT poverty racial/ethnic disparities were…
Choosing area based socioeconomic measures to monitor social inequalities in low birth weight and childhood lead poisoning: The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project (US)
Study objectives: To determine which area based socioeconomic measures can meaningfully be used, at which level of geography, to monitor socioeconomic inequalities in childhood health in the US. Design: Cross sectional analysis of birth certificate and childhood lead poisoning registry data, geocoded and linked to diverse area based socioeconomic measures that were generated at three geographical levels: census tract, block group, and ZIP code. S…
Neighborhood Effects on the Self-Rated Health of Elders: Uncovering the Relative Importance of Structural and Service-Related Neighborhood Environments
We found support for the role of neighborhood structural context (reflected through measures of poverty, residential stability, and age-based demographic concentration) in predicting the health of elders. Density of neighborhood services did not appear to have an independent effect on the self-rated health of elders
A Multilevel Analysis of Social Ties and Social Cohesion among Latinos and Their Neighborhoods: Results from Chicago
Explorations of Neighbourhood and Educational Outcomes for Young Swedes
The aim of this study is to estimate the impact of neighbourhoods on educational outcome for adolescents in Sweden. Using a multilevel statistical approach and the PLACE database that consists of a census of individuals in 1990-2000 in Sweden, the paper explores different domains of neighbourhood characteristics that predict educational outcomes in adolescents. Educational achievement in year 2000 was measured for three cohorts, geocoded to their…
Effects of Individual and Proximate Educational Context on Intimate Partner Violence: A Population-Based Study of Women in India
Objectives. We examined the role of women’s education and proximate educational context on intimate partner violence (IPV). Methods. We examined a sample of 83627 married women aged 15 to 49 years from the 1998 to 1999 Indian National Family Health Survey. We used multilevel multiple logistic regression modeling to estimate the relative effect of women’s and their husband’s levels of education, spousal education differential, and community-level …
Zip Code Caveat: Bias Due to Spatiotemporal Mismatches Between Zip Codes and US Census–Defined Geographic Areas—The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project
Use of zip codes in US public health research is on the rise. As of February 2002, 230 articles were indexed by zip code in PubMed,1 all published since 1989. Fifty-two of these articles (23%) involved the use of censusderived zip code socioeconomic data (e.g., median household income) to investigate the effects of socioeconomic position on specified health outcomes (article citations are available on request from the authors). To date, discussio…
Racial Disparities in Context: A Multilevel Analysis of Neighborhood Variations in Poverty and Excess Mortality Among Black Populations in Massachusetts
Objectives. We analyzed neighborhood heterogeneity in associations among mortality, race/ethnicity, and area poverty. Methods. We performed a multilevel statistical analysis of Massachusetts all-cause mortality data for the period 1989 through 1991 (n=142836 deaths), modeled as 79813 cells (deaths and denominators cross-tabulated by age, gender, and race/ethnicity) at level 1 nested within 5532 block groups at level 2 within 1307 census tracts (C…
The Mortality Divide in India: The Differential Contributions of Gender, Caste, and Standard of Living Across the Life Course
Objectives. We investigated the contributions of gender, caste, and standard of living to inequalities in mortality across the life course in India. Methods. We conducted a multilevel cross-sectional analysis of individual mortality, using the 1998–1999 Indian National Family Health Survey data for 529321 individuals from 26 states. Results. Substantial mortality differentials were observed between the lowest and highest standard-of-living quinti…
Neighborhood Predictors of Dating Violence Victimization and Perpetration in Young Adulthood: A Multilevel Study
Objectives. We examined whether social processes of neighborhoods, such as collective efficacy, during individual's adolescent years affect the likelihood of being involved in physical dating violence during young adulthood. Methods. Using longitudinal data on 633 urban youths aged 13 to 19 years at baseline and data from their neighborhoods (collected by the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods), we ran multilevel linear regress…
Mapping and Measuring Social Disparities in Premature Mortality: The Impact of Census Tract Poverty within and across Boston Neighborhoods, 1999–2001
Orphan Care in Botswana’s Working Households: Growing Responsibilities in the Absence of Adequate Support
Objectives. Botswana has one of the world’s highest HIV-prevalence rates and the world’s highest percentages of orphaned children among its population. We assessed the ability of income-earning households in Botswana to adequately care for orphans. Methods. We used data from the Botswana Family Health Needs Study (2002), a sample of 1033 working adults with caregiving responsibilities who used public services, to assess whether households with or…
Is blood thicker than water? Social support, depression and the modifying role of ethnicity/nativity status
BACKGROUND: Social support may be particularly important in countering depression among systematically disadvantaged groups. Latino immigrants are an example of a disadvantaged population that has better than expected mental health outcomes. One explanation put forth for this pattern is strong social support from kin networks. Studies on the effect of social support on mental health often assess the quantity of social ties rather than the quality…
Effects of Proximate Foreclosed Properties on Individuals’ Weight Gain in Massachusetts, 1987–2008
Objectives. We assessed the extent to which living near foreclosed properties is associated with individuals’ subsequent weight gain. Methods. We linked health and address information on 2068 Framingham Offspring Cohort members (7830 assessments) across 5 waves (1987–2008) to records of all Massachusetts foreclosures during that period. We used counts of lender-owned foreclosed properties within 100 meters of participants’ homes to predict body m…
Using cross-classified multilevel models to disentangle school and neighborhood effects: An example focusing on smoking behaviors among adolescents in the United States
Monitoring Socioeconomic Disparities in Death: Comparing Individual-Level Education and Area-Based Socioeconomic Measures
We compared all-cause mortality rates stratified by individual-level education and by census tract area–based socioeconomic measures for Massachusetts (1999–2001). Among persons aged 25 and older, the age-adjusted relative index of inequality was slightly higher for the census tract than for the individual education measures (1.5 vs 1.2, respectively). Only the census tract socioeconomic measures could provide a relative index of inequality (2–3)…
Area variations in health: A spatial multilevel modeling approach
State Gender Inequality, Socioeconomic Status and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in India: A Multilevel Analysis
While a growing body of literature has investigated the health impact of intimate partner violence (IPV), less has been written on the social determinants of IPV. The authors use multilevel modeling methods to analyze data from a sample of 83,627 women in India to examine the socioeconomic and demographic patterning of the state‐ and neighborhood‐level variation in, and the state‐ and/or neighborhood‐level characteristics related to, IPV. This st…
Does social capital affect the incidence of functional disability in older Japanese? A prospective population-based cohort study
BACKGROUND: Recent increases in numbers of older people have been accompanied by increases in those with functional disability. No study has examined the association between community social capital and the onset of functional disability. METHODS: The association between community social capital and the onset of functional disability was examined using data from the Aichi Gerontological Evaluation Study, a prospective cohort established in 2003 i…
Influence of Community Social Norms on Spousal Violence: A Population-Based Multilevel Study of Nigerian Women
Objectives. We examined whether social norms toward spousal violence in Nigeria, at the state level, are associated with a woman’s exposure to physical and sexual violence perpetrated by her husband. Methods. Using data from the 2008 Demographic and Health Survey, we fit four 3-level random intercepts models to examine contextual factors associated with spousal violence while accounting for individual-level predictors. Results. Of the 18 798 ever…
A multilevel investigation of neighborhood effects on parental warmth
Although researchers recognize that social contexts shape parenting behaviors, the relationship between neighborhood environment and parenting remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we investigated the associations between compositional and contextual (structural, social, and safety) characteristics of neighborhoods and parental warmth. Data came from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) Study and the 1990 Ce…
Sociodemographic and geographic variability in smoking in the U.S: A multilevel analysis of the 2006–2007 Current Population Survey, Tobacco Use Supplement
Social Trust and Self-Rated Health in US Communities: A Multilevel Analysis
Zip Code Caveat: Bias Due to Spatiotemporal Mismatches Between Zip Codes and US Census–Defined Geographic Areas—The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project
Use of zip codes in US public health research is on the rise. As of February 2002, 230 articles were indexed by zip code in PubMed,1 all published since 1989. Fifty-two of these articles (23%) involved the use of censusderived zip code socioeconomic data (e.g., median household income) to investigate the effects of socioeconomic position on specified health outcomes (article citations are available on request from the authors). To date, discussio…
Neighborhood differences in social capital: A compositional artifact or a contextual construct
Choosing area based socioeconomic measures to monitor social inequalities in low birth weight and childhood lead poisoning: The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project (US)
Study objectives: To determine which area based socioeconomic measures can meaningfully be used, at which level of geography, to monitor socioeconomic inequalities in childhood health in the US. Design: Cross sectional analysis of birth certificate and childhood lead poisoning registry data, geocoded and linked to diverse area based socioeconomic measures that were generated at three geographical levels: census tract, block group, and ZIP code. S…
Future Directions in Residential Segregation and Health Research: A Multilevel Approach
The authors examine the research evidence on the effect of residential segregation on health, identify research gaps, and propose new research directions. Four recommendations are made on the basis of a review of the sociological and social epidemiology literature on residential segregation: (1) develop multilevel research designs to examine the effects of individual, neighborhood, and metropolitan-area factors on health outcomes; (2) continue ex…
Krieger Et Al. Respond
As noted by Caretta et al, researchers should be cognizant of diverse types of spatiotemporal discontinuities that may affect the use of geographically delimited population data. Their letter, while alluding to—but never identifying any—minor factual errors in our brief, gives us an opportunity to address confusion about the use of zip codes (ZCs), zip code tabulation areas (ZCTAs), and census-derived area-based socioeconomic measures (ABSMs). We…
Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Monitoring Socioeconomic Gradients in Health: A Comparison of Area-Based Socioeconomic Measures—The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project
Use of multilevel frameworks and area-based socioeconomic measures (ABSMs) for public health monitoring can potentially overcome the absence of socioeconomic data in most US public health surveillance systems. To assess whether ABSMs can meaningfully be used for diverse race/ethnicity–gender groups, we geocoded and linked public health surveillance data from Massachusetts and Rhode Island to 1990 block group, tract, and zip code ABSMs. Outcomes c…
Income Inequality and Health: What Have We Learned So Far?
Many developed countries have experienced a sharp rise in income inequality during the past three decades, and the United States is no exception (1). For example, the average annual salary in America in inflation-adjusted 1998 dollars increased from $32,522 in 1970 to $35,864 in 1999, that is, a modest 10 percent increase over three decades. By contrast over the same period, the average annual compensation of the top 100 chief executive officers …
Socioeconomic Disadvantage, Parenting Responsibility, and Women’s Smoking in the United States
Objectives. We carried out analyses of smoking in relation to poverty and child care responsibility among women aged 18–54 years residing in the United States. Methods. With data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we assessed the interaction effects of poverty and living with young children on maternal smoking behavior among 61 700 women aged 18–54 years in 4 different racial/ethnic groups. Results. For non-White racial/ethnic g…
Neighborhood Contextual Influences on Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly
To understand whether neighborhood contexts contribute to the onset or maintenance of mental health problems independently of individual characteristics requires the use of multilevel study designs and analytical strategies. This study used a multilevel analytical framework to examine the relation between neighborhood context and risk of depressive symptoms, using data from the New Haven component of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic …
Comparison of a Spatial Perspective with the Multilevel Analytical Approach in Neighborhood Studies: The Case of Mental and Behavioral Disorders due to Psychoactive Substance Use in Malmö, Sweden, 200…
Most studies of neighborhood effects on health have used the multilevel approach. However, since this methodology does not incorporate any notion of space, it may not provide optimal epidemiologic information when modeling variations or when investigating associations between contextual factors and health. Investigating mental disorders due to psychoactive substance use among all 65,830 individuals aged 40-59 years in 2001 in Malmö, Sweden, geolo…
The relative influence of individual and contextual socio-economic status on consumption of fruit and soft drinks among adolescents in Europe
BACKGROUND: The number of studies among children and adolescents that focus on socio-economic differences in food habits is limited. Moreover, most are done in only one country and often include a non-representative sample. The present study examines whether socio-economic differences in the consumption of fruit and soft drinks can be found among young adolescents in a wide range of European countries. METHODS: Multilevel statistical analysis of …
Variance Partitioning in Multilevel Logistic Models that Exhibit Overdispersion
A common application of multilevel models is to apportion the variance in the response according to the different levels of the data. Whereas partitioning variances is straightforward in models with a continuous response variable with a normal error distribution at each level, the extension of this partitioning to models with binary responses or to proportions or counts is less obvious. We describe methodology due to Goldstein and co-workers for …
Area variation in mortality in Tasmania (Australia): The contributions of socioeconomic disadvantage, social capital and geographic remoteness
Racial Disparities in Context: A Multilevel Analysis of Neighborhood Variations in Poverty and Excess Mortality Among Black Populations in Massachusetts
Objectives. We analyzed neighborhood heterogeneity in associations among mortality, race/ethnicity, and area poverty. Methods. We performed a multilevel statistical analysis of Massachusetts all-cause mortality data for the period 1989 through 1991 (n=142836 deaths), modeled as 79813 cells (deaths and denominators cross-tabulated by age, gender, and race/ethnicity) at level 1 nested within 5532 block groups at level 2 within 1307 census tracts (C…
Painting a Truer Picture of US Socioeconomic and Racial/Ethnic Health Inequalities: The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project
Objectives. We describe a method to facilitate routine monitoring of socioeconomic health disparities in the United States. Methods. We analyzed geocoded public health surveillance data including events from birth to death (c. 1990) linked to 1990 census tract (CT) poverty data for Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Results. For virtually all outcomes, risk increased with CT poverty, and when we adjusted for CT poverty racial/ethnic disparities were…
Mapping and Measuring Social Disparities in Premature Mortality: The Impact of Census Tract Poverty within and across Boston Neighborhoods, 1999–2001
Neighborhood Effects on the Self-Rated Health of Elders: Uncovering the Relative Importance of Structural and Service-Related Neighborhood Environments
We found support for the role of neighborhood structural context (reflected through measures of poverty, residential stability, and age-based demographic concentration) in predicting the health of elders. Density of neighborhood services did not appear to have an independent effect on the self-rated health of elders
The Mortality Divide in India: The Differential Contributions of Gender, Caste, and Standard of Living Across the Life Course
Objectives. We investigated the contributions of gender, caste, and standard of living to inequalities in mortality across the life course in India. Methods. We conducted a multilevel cross-sectional analysis of individual mortality, using the 1998–1999 Indian National Family Health Survey data for 529321 individuals from 26 states. Results. Substantial mortality differentials were observed between the lowest and highest standard-of-living quinti…
Monitoring Socioeconomic Disparities in Death: Comparing Individual-Level Education and Area-Based Socioeconomic Measures
We compared all-cause mortality rates stratified by individual-level education and by census tract area–based socioeconomic measures for Massachusetts (1999–2001). Among persons aged 25 and older, the age-adjusted relative index of inequality was slightly higher for the census tract than for the individual education measures (1.5 vs 1.2, respectively). Only the census tract socioeconomic measures could provide a relative index of inequality (2–3)…
Orphan Care in Botswana’s Working Households: Growing Responsibilities in the Absence of Adequate Support
Objectives. Botswana has one of the world’s highest HIV-prevalence rates and the world’s highest percentages of orphaned children among its population. We assessed the ability of income-earning households in Botswana to adequately care for orphans. Methods. We used data from the Botswana Family Health Needs Study (2002), a sample of 1033 working adults with caregiving responsibilities who used public services, to assess whether households with or…
Explorations of Neighbourhood and Educational Outcomes for Young Swedes
The aim of this study is to estimate the impact of neighbourhoods on educational outcome for adolescents in Sweden. Using a multilevel statistical approach and the PLACE database that consists of a census of individuals in 1990-2000 in Sweden, the paper explores different domains of neighbourhood characteristics that predict educational outcomes in adolescents. Educational achievement in year 2000 was measured for three cohorts, geocoded to their…
Social Capital and Health
Disparities in Overweight and Obesity Among US College Students
Social disparities in overweight and obesity exist among college students. Promoting physical activity and reducing television viewing may counteract increasing trends
Exposure to domestic violence associated with adult smoking in India: A population based study
Domestic violence is associated with higher odds of smoking and chewing tobacco in India. Efforts to control tobacco use need to consider the larger psychosocial circumstances within which individuals who practise such harmful health behaviours reside
Medicine (99 works) · Demography (75 works) · Environmental health (67 works) · Population (55 works) · Sociology (54 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (50 works) · Psychology (46 works) · Public health (40 works) · Demography (38 works) · Geography (36 works)