Barbara Leake
Biographic Data
| ID | 5417286 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Barbara Leake |
| GIVEN NAMES | Barbara |
| FAMILY NAME | Leake |
| SIGNATURE | LEAKE B |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California, Los Angeles |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 27 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 85 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 27 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1985 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2014 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Correlates of heroin and methamphetamine use among homeless male ex-jail and prison offenders
Homeless men exiting California State jails and prisons are a heterogeneous community with varied childhood, incarceration and drug use histories. This cross-sectional study assessed whether homeless men who were discharged from either jail or prison into a residential substance abuse treatment program, differed in terms of methamphetamine and heroin use. This study utilized baseline data collected on 540 recently paroled men randomized to one of…
Impact of Nursing Intervention on Improving HIV, Hepatitis Knowledge and Mental Health Among Homeless Young Adults
Correlates of Stigma among Rural Indian Women Living with HIV/Aids
Impact of Prison Status on HIV-Related Risk Behaviors
Baseline data were collected to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions on completion of the hepatitis A and B vaccine series among 664 sheltered and street-based homeless adults who were: (a) homeless; (b) recently (<1 year) discharged from prison; (c) discharged 1 year or more; and (d) never incarcerated. Group differences at baseline were assessed for socio-demographic characteristics, drug and alcohol use, sexual activity, mental health a…
Homeless Women: Who is Really at Risk for Unintended Pregnancy
Perception of Health Status by Homeless US Veterans
Perceptions of health status among 331 homeless veterans and homeless nonveterans were examined. Homeless veterans were significantly less apt to perceive their health as fair/poor (8%) compared to non-veteran homeless men (19%). Homeless veterans were also more likely to report having a regular source of care (57% versus 36%). Logistic regression analysis indicated the adjusted odds of fair/poor health were more than two times greater for person…
Chronically Homeless Women's Perceived Deterrents to Contraception
Homeless women report substantial deterrents that reduce their contraceptive use. The multiplicity and heterogeneity of their perceived deterrents suggest a need for reproductive health services that are more integrated and culturally competent than those currently offered
How Accessible is Medical Care for Homeless Women
BACKGROUND: Women have become a major segment of the homeless population, yet little is known about their access to health care or the relationship between access to care and vulnerability of homelessness. OBJECTIVE: To examine homeless women's access to health care using the Expanded Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations. RESEARCH DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study using a probability sample of homeless women. SETTING: Seventy-…
Childhood Predictors of Daily Substance Use among Homeless Women of Different Ethnicities
The objective of this study was to describe associations between childhood factors and adult daily substance use profiles among homeless women and to identify independent predictors of daily substance use for the overall sample and for ethnic/acculturation subgroups. Structured surveys were administered to 1,331 homeless women in Los Angeles who were either daily drug and alcohol users for the past 6 months or nondaily substance users. Physical a…
Utilization of Birth Control Services among Homeless Women
Although homeless women appear to be at notable risk of unintended pregnancy, insufficient attention has been paid to understanding their access to birth control services and the characteristics of homeless women who want birth control services. To address these research gaps, the authors analyzed data from a probability sample of 974 homeless women who were interviewed in shelters and meal programs in Los Angeles County. Multivariate logistic re…
A comparison of homeless women and their intimate partners
In this study, we examine differences among 448 homeless women and their male partners in terms of sociodemographic and psychological characteristics, risky sexual and drug-use behaviors, and childhood abuse and adult victimization. Findings reveal women scored significantly lower on mental health and self-esteem, and significantly higher on depression, anxiety, and hostility measures, than their intimate partners. Scores for the dyad were nevert…
Differences in the effect of patients' socioeconomic status on the use of invasive cardiovascular procedures across health insurance categories
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effect of patients' socioeconomic status on use of coronary angiography, bypass grafting, and angioplasty across health insurance categories. METHODS: Multiple logistic regression was used to compute the odds of receiving each procedure among 206 233 ischemic heart disease patients residing in urban California zip codes from 1991 through 1993. RESULTS: Residents of high socioeconomic status areas were more lik…
The Ucla Prostate Cancer Index: Development, Reliability, and Validity of a Health-Related Quality of Life Measure
OBJECTIVES: The need for accurate measures of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in men treated for prostate cancer is of paramount importance because patients may survive for many years after their diagnosis. Hence, interest has increased in choosing treatments that optimize both the quality and quantity of life in patients with this disease. This study sought to develop and evaluate a self-administered, multiitem, disease-specific instrumen…
Two-year placement outcomes of children removed at birth from drug-using and non-drug-using mothers in Los Angeles
To determine the placement outcomes of prenatally drug-exposed children two years after they had been placed in foster care, the authors analyzed data on 1,035 infants. These infants had been placed under Los Angeles Juvenile Court custody or under the supervision of the Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) before their mothers were discharged from the hospital. Placement outcomes for these children were compared w…
Racial and ethnic disparities in the use of cardiovascular procedures: Associations with type of health insurance
OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether disparities in the use of cardiovascular procedures exist among African Americans, Latinos, and Asians relative to White patients, within health insurance categories. METHODS: Hospital discharge records (n = 104,952) of Los Angeles Country, California, residents with possible coronary artery disease were analyzed. RESULTS: After adjustment for confounders, lower odds of procedure use were found for African …
Reliability, Validity, and Composition of a Subset of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Knowledge Questionnaire in a Sample of Homeless and Impoverished…
OBJECTIVES: Measures of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related knowledge that have good psychometric properties are needed to evaluate the impact of educational interventions, particularly among impoverished populations. Few measures that satisfy these requirements are available. The authors describe the psychometric characteristics and composition of a subset of 21 AIDS knowledge items from the questionnaire used by the National Cente…
Racial and ethnic differences in the use of invasive cardiac procedures among cardiac patients in Los Angeles County, 1986 through 1988
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of the study was to compare use of invasive cardiovascular procedures among Latino, Asian, African-American, and White patients. METHODS. In a cross-sectional study of hospital discharge data, multiple logistic regression was used to model use of coronary artery angiography, bypass graft surgery, and angioplasty among adult Los Angeles County residents discharged from California hospitals between 1986 and 1988 with primary…
Aids-related knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors among impoverished minority women
OBJECTIVES. The aims of this study were to (1) describe AIDS-related knowledge, perceptions, and risky behaviors of impoverished African-American and high- and low-acculturated Latina women; (2) delineate relationships involving high-risk behaviors; and (3) determine whether risky behaviors differ by race and levels of acculturation. METHODS. Survey instruments were administered to 1173 impoverished women of color residing in homeless shelters an…
Substance Use Among Impoverished Medical Patients: The Effect of Housing Status and Other Factors
Four hundred forty-three impoverished medical patients, many of whom were homeless, were studied to determine whether homelessness is an independent predictor of current substance use. Twenty-four percent of the sample of patients were frequent alcohol users (i.e., daily or almost daily), and 18% had recently used illegal drugs (cocaine, heroin, PCP, LSD). Marijuana use was not included in the drug use variable. Bivariate analyses revealed that f…
First nursing home admissions: Time spent at home and in institutions after discharge
We tracked 96 percent of a sample of 1,942 nursing home patients admitted to a nursing home for the first time in 1982-83. Patients discharged alive from the nursing home were followed for two years or until death. The relative time spent at home, in hospitals, and in skilled nursing facilities is reported. Of the 705 patients discharged from their initial nursing home admission to homes in the community, about 50 percent made only one transfer a…
Case Mix and Outcomes of Nursing Home Patients: The Importance of Prior Nursing Home Care and Admission From Home Versus Hospital
The authors compared the personal characteristics, measures of functional status/case mix, and discharge outcomes of nursing home patients admitted to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) in 1984 for the first time (first admissions) to those of patients with a prior history of nursing home care (readmissions). Compared to first admissions, readmitted patients were more disabled and debilitated, significantly less likely to return home, and more lik…
Development of a Brief Screening Instrument for Detecting Depressive Disorders
A very short (8-item), self-report measure was developed to screen for depressive disorders (major depression and dysthymia). The screener departs from traditional depressive symptom scales in that 1) individual items are differentially weighted and 2) two of the eight items concern diagnostically-relevant durations of depressed mood. Analyses of data from a general population and from primary care and mental health patients showed that the scree…
Management of Patients on Psychotropic Drugs in Primary Care Clinics
While nonpsychiatrist physicians account for the majority of prescriptions written for psychotropic drugs, little is known about the quality of their drug management strategy. We studied this issue using data from 16 academic internal medicine group practices. Data on treatment, abstracted from medical records, were compared to criteria for quality care. Eighteen percent of patients used minor tranquilizers or antidepressants. The only individual…
The initial effects of the prospective payment system on nursing home patients
We examined the discharge outcomes and admission characteristics of patients admitted to Southern California skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) for the first time following an episode of hospitalization in 1980, 1982-83 (all pre-prospective payment system), and all admissions during July through September 1984 (post-prospective payment). The proportion of patients covered by Medicare on admission was 18 per cent in 1980, 36 per cent in 1982-83, an…
The practices of general and subspecialty internists in counseling about smoking and exercise
We compared the practices of subspecialists and general internists in counseling about smoking and exercise, using data from a study of recent graduates of United States training programs in internal medicine. Information on the characteristics of physicians and their clinical practices was obtained from self-report questionnaires. The internists most likely to counsel smokers regardless of the presence or absence of diseases associated with smok…
Racial and ethnic disparities in the use of cardiovascular procedures: Associations with type of health insurance
OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether disparities in the use of cardiovascular procedures exist among African Americans, Latinos, and Asians relative to White patients, within health insurance categories. METHODS: Hospital discharge records (n = 104,952) of Los Angeles Country, California, residents with possible coronary artery disease were analyzed. RESULTS: After adjustment for confounders, lower odds of procedure use were found for African …
Aids-related knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors among impoverished minority women
OBJECTIVES. The aims of this study were to (1) describe AIDS-related knowledge, perceptions, and risky behaviors of impoverished African-American and high- and low-acculturated Latina women; (2) delineate relationships involving high-risk behaviors; and (3) determine whether risky behaviors differ by race and levels of acculturation. METHODS. Survey instruments were administered to 1173 impoverished women of color residing in homeless shelters an…
Racial and ethnic differences in the use of invasive cardiac procedures among cardiac patients in Los Angeles County, 1986 through 1988
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of the study was to compare use of invasive cardiovascular procedures among Latino, Asian, African-American, and White patients. METHODS. In a cross-sectional study of hospital discharge data, multiple logistic regression was used to model use of coronary artery angiography, bypass graft surgery, and angioplasty among adult Los Angeles County residents discharged from California hospitals between 1986 and 1988 with primary…
The practices of general and subspecialty internists in counseling about smoking and exercise
We compared the practices of subspecialists and general internists in counseling about smoking and exercise, using data from a study of recent graduates of United States training programs in internal medicine. Information on the characteristics of physicians and their clinical practices was obtained from self-report questionnaires. The internists most likely to counsel smokers regardless of the presence or absence of diseases associated with smok…
The initial effects of the prospective payment system on nursing home patients
We examined the discharge outcomes and admission characteristics of patients admitted to Southern California skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) for the first time following an episode of hospitalization in 1980, 1982-83 (all pre-prospective payment system), and all admissions during July through September 1984 (post-prospective payment). The proportion of patients covered by Medicare on admission was 18 per cent in 1980, 36 per cent in 1982-83, an…
Childhood Predictors of Daily Substance Use among Homeless Women of Different Ethnicities
The objective of this study was to describe associations between childhood factors and adult daily substance use profiles among homeless women and to identify independent predictors of daily substance use for the overall sample and for ethnic/acculturation subgroups. Structured surveys were administered to 1,331 homeless women in Los Angeles who were either daily drug and alcohol users for the past 6 months or nondaily substance users. Physical a…
Utilization of Birth Control Services among Homeless Women
Although homeless women appear to be at notable risk of unintended pregnancy, insufficient attention has been paid to understanding their access to birth control services and the characteristics of homeless women who want birth control services. To address these research gaps, the authors analyzed data from a probability sample of 974 homeless women who were interviewed in shelters and meal programs in Los Angeles County. Multivariate logistic re…
Two-year placement outcomes of children removed at birth from drug-using and non-drug-using mothers in Los Angeles
To determine the placement outcomes of prenatally drug-exposed children two years after they had been placed in foster care, the authors analyzed data on 1,035 infants. These infants had been placed under Los Angeles Juvenile Court custody or under the supervision of the Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) before their mothers were discharged from the hospital. Placement outcomes for these children were compared w…
First nursing home admissions: Time spent at home and in institutions after discharge
We tracked 96 percent of a sample of 1,942 nursing home patients admitted to a nursing home for the first time in 1982-83. Patients discharged alive from the nursing home were followed for two years or until death. The relative time spent at home, in hospitals, and in skilled nursing facilities is reported. Of the 705 patients discharged from their initial nursing home admission to homes in the community, about 50 percent made only one transfer a…
Chronically Homeless Women's Perceived Deterrents to Contraception
Homeless women report substantial deterrents that reduce their contraceptive use. The multiplicity and heterogeneity of their perceived deterrents suggest a need for reproductive health services that are more integrated and culturally competent than those currently offered
Impact of Nursing Intervention on Improving HIV, Hepatitis Knowledge and Mental Health Among Homeless Young Adults
Career Orientations of Medical and Pediatric Residents
Educators have expressed concern about the declining percentage of graduating residents who choose an academic career. This study identifies characteristics of postgraduate physicians that are associated with intentions to pursue an academic career or a full-time private practice. Data were obtained from 299 residents in pediatrics and internal medicine at five academic medical centers in Southern California, using self-report questionnaires. Pre…
The practices of general and subspecialty internists in counseling about smoking and exercise
We compared the practices of subspecialists and general internists in counseling about smoking and exercise, using data from a study of recent graduates of United States training programs in internal medicine. Information on the characteristics of physicians and their clinical practices was obtained from self-report questionnaires. The internists most likely to counsel smokers regardless of the presence or absence of diseases associated with smok…
Factors Associated With Life Satisfaction Among Practicing Internists
The present study explored the relationship between satisfaction with life in general among 211 practicing internists and characteristics of their work, health, and life styles. Using a forced stepwise multiple regression analysis, 67% of the total variance in life satisfaction was accounted for by study variables. More satisfied physicians were more likely to be older, married, engaged in sexual intercourse more often, argued with or emotionally…
The initial effects of the prospective payment system on nursing home patients
We examined the discharge outcomes and admission characteristics of patients admitted to Southern California skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) for the first time following an episode of hospitalization in 1980, 1982-83 (all pre-prospective payment system), and all admissions during July through September 1984 (post-prospective payment). The proportion of patients covered by Medicare on admission was 18 per cent in 1980, 36 per cent in 1982-83, an…
Development of a Brief Screening Instrument for Detecting Depressive Disorders
A very short (8-item), self-report measure was developed to screen for depressive disorders (major depression and dysthymia). The screener departs from traditional depressive symptom scales in that 1) individual items are differentially weighted and 2) two of the eight items concern diagnostically-relevant durations of depressed mood. Analyses of data from a general population and from primary care and mental health patients showed that the scree…
Management of Patients on Psychotropic Drugs in Primary Care Clinics
While nonpsychiatrist physicians account for the majority of prescriptions written for psychotropic drugs, little is known about the quality of their drug management strategy. We studied this issue using data from 16 academic internal medicine group practices. Data on treatment, abstracted from medical records, were compared to criteria for quality care. Eighteen percent of patients used minor tranquilizers or antidepressants. The only individual…
Case Mix and Outcomes of Nursing Home Patients: The Importance of Prior Nursing Home Care and Admission From Home Versus Hospital
The authors compared the personal characteristics, measures of functional status/case mix, and discharge outcomes of nursing home patients admitted to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) in 1984 for the first time (first admissions) to those of patients with a prior history of nursing home care (readmissions). Compared to first admissions, readmitted patients were more disabled and debilitated, significantly less likely to return home, and more lik…
First nursing home admissions: Time spent at home and in institutions after discharge
We tracked 96 percent of a sample of 1,942 nursing home patients admitted to a nursing home for the first time in 1982-83. Patients discharged alive from the nursing home were followed for two years or until death. The relative time spent at home, in hospitals, and in skilled nursing facilities is reported. Of the 705 patients discharged from their initial nursing home admission to homes in the community, about 50 percent made only one transfer a…
Aids-related knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors among impoverished minority women
OBJECTIVES. The aims of this study were to (1) describe AIDS-related knowledge, perceptions, and risky behaviors of impoverished African-American and high- and low-acculturated Latina women; (2) delineate relationships involving high-risk behaviors; and (3) determine whether risky behaviors differ by race and levels of acculturation. METHODS. Survey instruments were administered to 1173 impoverished women of color residing in homeless shelters an…
Substance Use Among Impoverished Medical Patients: The Effect of Housing Status and Other Factors
Four hundred forty-three impoverished medical patients, many of whom were homeless, were studied to determine whether homelessness is an independent predictor of current substance use. Twenty-four percent of the sample of patients were frequent alcohol users (i.e., daily or almost daily), and 18% had recently used illegal drugs (cocaine, heroin, PCP, LSD). Marijuana use was not included in the drug use variable. Bivariate analyses revealed that f…
Racial and ethnic differences in the use of invasive cardiac procedures among cardiac patients in Los Angeles County, 1986 through 1988
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of the study was to compare use of invasive cardiovascular procedures among Latino, Asian, African-American, and White patients. METHODS. In a cross-sectional study of hospital discharge data, multiple logistic regression was used to model use of coronary artery angiography, bypass graft surgery, and angioplasty among adult Los Angeles County residents discharged from California hospitals between 1986 and 1988 with primary…
Two-year placement outcomes of children removed at birth from drug-using and non-drug-using mothers in Los Angeles
To determine the placement outcomes of prenatally drug-exposed children two years after they had been placed in foster care, the authors analyzed data on 1,035 infants. These infants had been placed under Los Angeles Juvenile Court custody or under the supervision of the Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) before their mothers were discharged from the hospital. Placement outcomes for these children were compared w…
Racial and ethnic disparities in the use of cardiovascular procedures: Associations with type of health insurance
OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether disparities in the use of cardiovascular procedures exist among African Americans, Latinos, and Asians relative to White patients, within health insurance categories. METHODS: Hospital discharge records (n = 104,952) of Los Angeles Country, California, residents with possible coronary artery disease were analyzed. RESULTS: After adjustment for confounders, lower odds of procedure use were found for African …
Reliability, Validity, and Composition of a Subset of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Knowledge Questionnaire in a Sample of Homeless and Impoverished…
OBJECTIVES: Measures of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related knowledge that have good psychometric properties are needed to evaluate the impact of educational interventions, particularly among impoverished populations. Few measures that satisfy these requirements are available. The authors describe the psychometric characteristics and composition of a subset of 21 AIDS knowledge items from the questionnaire used by the National Cente…
Differences in the effect of patients' socioeconomic status on the use of invasive cardiovascular procedures across health insurance categories
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effect of patients' socioeconomic status on use of coronary angiography, bypass grafting, and angioplasty across health insurance categories. METHODS: Multiple logistic regression was used to compute the odds of receiving each procedure among 206 233 ischemic heart disease patients residing in urban California zip codes from 1991 through 1993. RESULTS: Residents of high socioeconomic status areas were more lik…
The Ucla Prostate Cancer Index: Development, Reliability, and Validity of a Health-Related Quality of Life Measure
OBJECTIVES: The need for accurate measures of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in men treated for prostate cancer is of paramount importance because patients may survive for many years after their diagnosis. Hence, interest has increased in choosing treatments that optimize both the quality and quantity of life in patients with this disease. This study sought to develop and evaluate a self-administered, multiitem, disease-specific instrumen…
A comparison of homeless women and their intimate partners
In this study, we examine differences among 448 homeless women and their male partners in terms of sociodemographic and psychological characteristics, risky sexual and drug-use behaviors, and childhood abuse and adult victimization. Findings reveal women scored significantly lower on mental health and self-esteem, and significantly higher on depression, anxiety, and hostility measures, than their intimate partners. Scores for the dyad were nevert…
Childhood Predictors of Daily Substance Use among Homeless Women of Different Ethnicities
The objective of this study was to describe associations between childhood factors and adult daily substance use profiles among homeless women and to identify independent predictors of daily substance use for the overall sample and for ethnic/acculturation subgroups. Structured surveys were administered to 1,331 homeless women in Los Angeles who were either daily drug and alcohol users for the past 6 months or nondaily substance users. Physical a…
Utilization of Birth Control Services among Homeless Women
Although homeless women appear to be at notable risk of unintended pregnancy, insufficient attention has been paid to understanding their access to birth control services and the characteristics of homeless women who want birth control services. To address these research gaps, the authors analyzed data from a probability sample of 974 homeless women who were interviewed in shelters and meal programs in Los Angeles County. Multivariate logistic re…
Chronically Homeless Women's Perceived Deterrents to Contraception
Homeless women report substantial deterrents that reduce their contraceptive use. The multiplicity and heterogeneity of their perceived deterrents suggest a need for reproductive health services that are more integrated and culturally competent than those currently offered
How Accessible is Medical Care for Homeless Women
BACKGROUND: Women have become a major segment of the homeless population, yet little is known about their access to health care or the relationship between access to care and vulnerability of homelessness. OBJECTIVE: To examine homeless women's access to health care using the Expanded Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations. RESEARCH DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study using a probability sample of homeless women. SETTING: Seventy-…
Perception of Health Status by Homeless US Veterans
Perceptions of health status among 331 homeless veterans and homeless nonveterans were examined. Homeless veterans were significantly less apt to perceive their health as fair/poor (8%) compared to non-veteran homeless men (19%). Homeless veterans were also more likely to report having a regular source of care (57% versus 36%). Logistic regression analysis indicated the adjusted odds of fair/poor health were more than two times greater for person…
Homeless Women: Who is Really at Risk for Unintended Pregnancy
Impact of Prison Status on HIV-Related Risk Behaviors
Baseline data were collected to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions on completion of the hepatitis A and B vaccine series among 664 sheltered and street-based homeless adults who were: (a) homeless; (b) recently (<1 year) discharged from prison; (c) discharged 1 year or more; and (d) never incarcerated. Group differences at baseline were assessed for socio-demographic characteristics, drug and alcohol use, sexual activity, mental health a…
Correlates of Stigma among Rural Indian Women Living with HIV/Aids
Medicine (26 works) · Family medicine (13 works) · Psychiatry (13 works) · Psychology (13 works) · Homelessness and Social Issues (12 works) · Gerontology (11 works) · Environmental health (10 works) · Nursing (9 works) · Population (9 works) · Clinical Psychology (8 works)