I Awan
Biographic Data
| ID | 54229 |
|---|---|
| NAME | I Awan |
| GIVEN NAMES | I |
| FAMILY NAME | Awan |
| SIGNATURE | AWAN I |
| AFFILIATIONS | Birmingham City University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2810-5851 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 33 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 121 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2011 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Muslims and the Covid-19 pandemic: Myth-busting the demonisation of Muslim communities
Muslims are Leaving Football, They Think 'What is the Point: A Qualitative Study on Islamophobia in Grassroots Football in England and Wales
This article explores Muslim players' experiences of Islamophobia at grassroots football. It employs critical race theory (CRT) as a theoretical framework to interpret Islamophobia as a form of anti-Muslim racism in football. The article considers the complexities of intersectionality in terms of race, religion, gender, and the 'space' where Islamophobia is manifested, both online and offline. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 40 British…
Counter-radicalisation in UK higher education: A Vernacular Analysis of 'Vulnerability' and the Prevent Duty
The UK Government defines vulnerability to radicalisation as, 'the process by which a person comes to support terrorism and extremist ideologies associated with terrorist groups'. In 2015 legislation was passed to enhance the national capacity to pre-emptively identify vulnerable people by coopting public sector workers. This responsibility ('the Prevent duty') has mandated the monitoring of citizen's behaviours based on a relationship between vu…
Islam and faith in times of crisis: Religious observance and Muslim communities in the pandemic
This article explores the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on Muslims living in Birmingham, UK on religious observance and faith in times of crisis. This article presents qualitative insights into participants experiences of the impacts of the pandemic and the national measures taken on their religious observance including impacts around prayer and worship, the use of technologies to mediate faith practice, communal worship and wellbeing, worship…
The blame game: A thematic analysis of Islamophobic tweets during the Covid-19 pandemic
There is a sincere concern regarding the spread of Islamophobia, both online and offline. Events like COVID-19 fuelled more Islamophobic fake news and conspiracy theories online. The current research used data from 1,000 Twitter comments. It examined Islamophobia on Twitter during COVID-19. A thematic analysis was utilised to find key themes in the shared content. Four main themes emerged: (1) Muslims are COVID-19 super spreaders; (2) Muslims are…
Online extremism and Islamophobic language and sentiment when discussing the Covid-19 pandemic and misinformation on Twitter
This paper looks at the profiles of those who engaged in Islamophobic language/extremist behaviour on Twitter during the COVID-19 pandemic. This two-part analysis takes into account factors such as anonymity, membership length and postage frequency on language use, and the differences in sentiment expressed between pro-social and anti-social tweets. Analysis includes comparisons between low, moderate and high levels of anonymity, postage frequenc…
The Politic of Everyday Counter-Terrorism: Online Performances and Responsibilities of the Prevent Duty in UK Higher Education Institutions
The Prevent Duty mandates that public authorities must work to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism. In this article we review how 158 UK Higher Education Institutions have responded to this new duty by examining their public-facing webpages and Prevent policy documentation. In doing this we draw upon de Certeau's notions of the everyday to highlight how such initiatives are presented publicly to viewing audiences, and how messages seep…
Pushed to the edge: The consequences of the ‘Prevent Duty’ in de-radicalising pre-crime thought among British Muslim university students
This article reports on the results of a mixed-methods survey of 152 self-selecting Muslim university students sampled across a range of higher education institutions across the UK in late 2019. The study explores perceptions of the impact of the new Prevent Duty among UK Muslim students, especially concerning questions of self-censorship and self-silencing for fear of referral to Channel (a multi-agency board tasked with early-state support). Be…
The Prevent Duty in UK higher education: Insights from freedom of information requests
Drawing upon 157 responses to Freedom of Information Requests sent to Higher Education Institutions across England, Scotland and Wales, this article explores how the Prevent Duty has been enacted within UK higher education. The article shows how the duty has seen considerable repositioning and restructuring across the sector, conflated counterterrorism with safeguarding and introduced further bureaucracy. The article also explores the low number …
Understanding the public perception and satisfaction of a UK police constabulary
This study explores the public perception of a community in Britain, towards a police constabulary in the UK. The study sought to explore how the levels of satisfaction between Black and Minority Ethnicities (BME) and non BME communities towards this police force in the UK. Using a mixed-methods approach, data was obtained by the use of self-completion questionnaires of 112 participants in an area in the UK and the use of a total of 31 semi-struc…
The Routledge International Handbook of Islamophobia
Islamophobic hate crimes have increased significantly following the terrorist attacks of 9/11 and 7/7. More recently, the rhetoric surrounding Trump's election and presidency, Brexit, the rise of far-right groups and ISIS-inspired terrorist attacks worldwide have promoted a climate where Islamophobia and anti-Muslim sentiments have become 'legitimised'. The Routledge International Handbook of Islamophobia provides a comprehensive single-volume co…
Terrorism in the Classroom: Security, Surveillance and a Public Duty to Act
I never did anything wrong’ – Trojan Horse: A qualitative study uncovering the impact in Birmingham
In 2014, the city of Birmingham (UK) became embroiled in a high-profile scandal that would bring it and the wider education system under disrepute. The ‘Trojan Horse’ affair, as it become known, began with an anonymised letter that claimed hard-line ‘Islamists’ were plotting and planning to take over a number of schools in Birmingham. Amongst the allegations were that some of the schools had been promoting gender segregation and that children wer…
Certainly the Muslim is the very devil incarnation’: Islamophobia and The Merchant of Venice
In this paper, we examine Shakespeare's sixteenth‐century play, The Merchant of Venice . Anti‐Semitism is a key theme in this play. The well‐known central character, Shylock, is a Jewish man ridiculed and victimised because of his identity. Much literary research has been done on the anti‐Semitism of the play, and many social studies have compared anti‐Semitism and Islamophobia, but scarcely any research brings a Shakespearean play from the sixte…
Religion, Identity and Radicalisation
The current rise in the numbers of young British Muslims travelling from the UK to Syria has raised a number of questions about the UK Government’s counter-terrorism strategy and policy. Within the current discourse on radicalisation and Syria, listening to the voices of young British Muslims is crucial, if the UK Government, the police and other key stakeholders are serious about preventing the escalation of young people going out to fight in Sy…
What does terrorism look like?’: University lecturers’ interpretations of their Prevent duties and tackling extremism in UK universities
The UK Counter Terrorism and Security Act (2015) (CTSA) calls for a partnership between the government, individuals, organisations and communities to prevent the radicalisation of individuals and to prevent their participation in terrorist and illegal activities. As part of this strategy, universities have a statutory duty placed upon them to remain vigilant to signs of extremism. Based upon 20 interviews with UK university lecturers, the paper e…
Reply to reviewers for ‘Doing “Dangerous” Autoethnography on Islamophobic Victimization
Cyber-Extremism: Isis and the Power of Social Media
The current crises in Syria has led to a number of Britons travelling abroad to fight with groups such as Isis. Capitalising on this growth, Isis are now increasingly fighting an online cyber war, with the use of slick videos, online messages of hate and even an app that all aim to radicalise and create a new generation of cyber jihadists. These modern day tools are helping Isis spread their propaganda and ideology to thousands of online sympathi…
Doing 'dangerous' autoethnography on Islamophobic victimization
This article draws on our different experiences of employing autoethnography when researching Islamophobia, using two independent research projects. In particular, we reflect upon our experiences of Islamophobic victimization as a result of being 'visibly' Muslim in public spaces in the UK. We discuss our motivation for employing autoethnography and the role of our insider/outsider status in adopting the role of the Muslim 'other' in public space…
European social movements and Muslim activism another world but with whom
Parents of foreign "terrorist" fighters in Syria - will they report their young
The mounting tide of foreign fighters leaving Britain for the Middle East to fight, sacrifice or find new lives has blighted European governments and led to the further tightening up of counter-terrorism measures. Since the first British arrest of a Syrian returnee (Choudhury) in 2014, the latest figures of foreign fighter returnees have surged to approximately 800. A number of strategies aimed at thwarting these trends have surfaced including a …
Islamophobia: Lived Experiences of Online and Offline Victimisation
This book examines British Islamophobia both in the cyber and physical world. Drawing from qualitative data elicited through a national UK-based study, this text considers the online and offline experiences of ‘visible’ Muslim men and women as victims of Islamophobia and the impacts of these attacks upon victims, their families and wider communities. Key themes that emerge from the research findings include ‘trigger’ events of local, national and…
Islamophobia in Cyberspace
Cyber hate can take many different forms from online material which can lead to actual offline abuse and violence, cyber violence; cyber stalking, and online harassment with the use of visual images, videos, chat rooms, text and social media which are intended to cause harm. \n \nThis book examines the case for current guidelines dealing with online anti-Muslim abuse and concludes that we require a new understanding of this online behaviour and t…
Islamophobia: Lived Experiences of Online and Offline Victimisation
Islamophobia examines the online and offline experiences of hate crime against Muslims, and the impact upon victims, their families and wider communities. It includes the voices of victims themselves, which leads to strategies for future prevention
Engaging with the Muslim Community in Cardiff: A Study of the Impact of Counter-Terrorism Research
Since the 9/11 attacks in 2001, there have been a number of terrorist suspects arrested in the UK, but 3⁄4 of those people are released without charge (Choudhury & Fenwick 2011). This has led to claims from within these communities that counter-terrorism legislation is both heavy handed and counter-productive. This article presents findings from a pilot research project that examined how best to engage with Muslim communities and to examine perce…
I Am a Muslim Not an Extremist”: How the Prevent Strategy Has Constructed a “Suspect” Community
The aim of this article is to examine the new P revent S trategy 2011 in the U nited K ingdom and critically analyze its impact upon B ritish M uslim communities. The U.K. government's controversial P revent S trategy 2011 has come under fierce opposition, with critics arguing that it will not actually prevent extremism but risks labeling the M uslim community as a “suspect” community. Following the B ritish government review of counterterrorism …
Pushed to the edge: The consequences of the ‘Prevent Duty’ in de-radicalising pre-crime thought among British Muslim university students
This article reports on the results of a mixed-methods survey of 152 self-selecting Muslim university students sampled across a range of higher education institutions across the UK in late 2019. The study explores perceptions of the impact of the new Prevent Duty among UK Muslim students, especially concerning questions of self-censorship and self-silencing for fear of referral to Channel (a multi-agency board tasked with early-state support). Be…
Cyber-Extremism: Isis and the Power of Social Media
The current crises in Syria has led to a number of Britons travelling abroad to fight with groups such as Isis. Capitalising on this growth, Isis are now increasingly fighting an online cyber war, with the use of slick videos, online messages of hate and even an app that all aim to radicalise and create a new generation of cyber jihadists. These modern day tools are helping Isis spread their propaganda and ideology to thousands of online sympathi…
Doing 'dangerous' autoethnography on Islamophobic victimization
This article draws on our different experiences of employing autoethnography when researching Islamophobia, using two independent research projects. In particular, we reflect upon our experiences of Islamophobic victimization as a result of being 'visibly' Muslim in public spaces in the UK. We discuss our motivation for employing autoethnography and the role of our insider/outsider status in adopting the role of the Muslim 'other' in public space…
What does terrorism look like?’: University lecturers’ interpretations of their Prevent duties and tackling extremism in UK universities
The UK Counter Terrorism and Security Act (2015) (CTSA) calls for a partnership between the government, individuals, organisations and communities to prevent the radicalisation of individuals and to prevent their participation in terrorist and illegal activities. As part of this strategy, universities have a statutory duty placed upon them to remain vigilant to signs of extremism. Based upon 20 interviews with UK university lecturers, the paper e…
I will Blow your face off’—Virtual and Physical World Anti-Muslim Hate Crime
Anti-Muslim hate crime is usually viewed in the prism of physical attacks; however, it also occurs in a cyber context, and this reality has considerable consequences for victims. In seeking to help improve our understanding of anti-Muslim hate crime, this article draws on the findings from a project that involved qualitative interviews with Muslim men and women who experienced both virtual and physical world anti-Muslim hate, and reported their e…
The Prevent Duty in UK higher education: Insights from freedom of information requests
Drawing upon 157 responses to Freedom of Information Requests sent to Higher Education Institutions across England, Scotland and Wales, this article explores how the Prevent Duty has been enacted within UK higher education. The article shows how the duty has seen considerable repositioning and restructuring across the sector, conflated counterterrorism with safeguarding and introduced further bureaucracy. The article also explores the low number …
Parents of foreign "terrorist" fighters in Syria - will they report their young
The mounting tide of foreign fighters leaving Britain for the Middle East to fight, sacrifice or find new lives has blighted European governments and led to the further tightening up of counter-terrorism measures. Since the first British arrest of a Syrian returnee (Choudhury) in 2014, the latest figures of foreign fighter returnees have surged to approximately 800. A number of strategies aimed at thwarting these trends have surfaced including a …
You Need to Be Sorted Out With a Knife: The Attempted Online Silencing of Women and People of Muslim Faith Within Academia
Academics are increasingly expected to use social media to disseminate their work and knowledge to public audiences. Although this has various advantages, particularly for alternative forms of dissemination, the web can also be an unsafe space for typically oppressed or subordinated groups. This article presents two auto-ethnographic accounts of the abuse and hate academics researching oppressed groups, namely, women and people of Muslim faith, e…
I never did anything wrong’ – Trojan Horse: A qualitative study uncovering the impact in Birmingham
In 2014, the city of Birmingham (UK) became embroiled in a high-profile scandal that would bring it and the wider education system under disrepute. The ‘Trojan Horse’ affair, as it become known, began with an anonymised letter that claimed hard-line ‘Islamists’ were plotting and planning to take over a number of schools in Birmingham. Amongst the allegations were that some of the schools had been promoting gender segregation and that children wer…
The Politic of Everyday Counter-Terrorism: Online Performances and Responsibilities of the Prevent Duty in UK Higher Education Institutions
The Prevent Duty mandates that public authorities must work to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism. In this article we review how 158 UK Higher Education Institutions have responded to this new duty by examining their public-facing webpages and Prevent policy documentation. In doing this we draw upon de Certeau's notions of the everyday to highlight how such initiatives are presented publicly to viewing audiences, and how messages seep…
Stop and search: The Anatomy of a Police Power
Delsol and Michael Shiner is a collection of work that makes an important contribution to the field of policing and ethnicity studies, social justice and crime and society. It addresses one of the
Muslim communities attitudes towards and recruitment into the British police service
Counter-radicalisation in UK higher education: A Vernacular Analysis of 'Vulnerability' and the Prevent Duty
The UK Government defines vulnerability to radicalisation as, 'the process by which a person comes to support terrorism and extremist ideologies associated with terrorist groups'. In 2015 legislation was passed to enhance the national capacity to pre-emptively identify vulnerable people by coopting public sector workers. This responsibility ('the Prevent duty') has mandated the monitoring of citizen's behaviours based on a relationship between vu…
European social movements and Muslim activism another world but with whom
Counterblast: Terror in the Eye of the Beholder: The ‘Spycam’ Saga: Counter-Terrorism or Counter Productive
Glorifying and encouraging terrorism: Preserving the golden thread of civil liberties in Britain
Purpose – Al‐Qaeda poses a major challenge to western democracies with its international networks and suicide attacks; it has been involved in some of the most horrific terrorist attacks across the world. As a result the UK, similar to many other countries, has enacted hard‐line counter‐terrorism legislation that has had an impact upon Muslim community relations with law enforcement agencies. This paper aims to examine the glorification offence u…
I Am a Muslim Not an Extremist”: How the Prevent Strategy Has Constructed a “Suspect” Community
The aim of this article is to examine the new P revent S trategy 2011 in the U nited K ingdom and critically analyze its impact upon B ritish M uslim communities. The U.K. government's controversial P revent S trategy 2011 has come under fierce opposition, with critics arguing that it will not actually prevent extremism but risks labeling the M uslim community as a “suspect” community. Following the B ritish government review of counterterrorism …
Muslim communities attitudes towards and recruitment into the British police service
Islamophobia and Twitter: A Typology of Online Hate Against Muslims on Social Media
The Woolwich attack in May 2013 has led to a spate of hate crimes committed against Muslim communities in the United Kindom. These incidents include Muslim women being targeted for wearing the headscarf and mosques being vandalized. While street level Islamophobia remains an important area of investigation, an equally disturbing picture is emerging with the rise in online anti‐Muslim abuse. This article argues that online Islamophobia must be giv…
I will Blow your face off’—Virtual and Physical World Anti-Muslim Hate Crime
Anti-Muslim hate crime is usually viewed in the prism of physical attacks; however, it also occurs in a cyber context, and this reality has considerable consequences for victims. In seeking to help improve our understanding of anti-Muslim hate crime, this article draws on the findings from a project that involved qualitative interviews with Muslim men and women who experienced both virtual and physical world anti-Muslim hate, and reported their e…
Islamophobia: Lived Experiences of Online and Offline Victimisation
This book examines British Islamophobia both in the cyber and physical world. Drawing from qualitative data elicited through a national UK-based study, this text considers the online and offline experiences of ‘visible’ Muslim men and women as victims of Islamophobia and the impacts of these attacks upon victims, their families and wider communities. Key themes that emerge from the research findings include ‘trigger’ events of local, national and…
Islamophobia in Cyberspace
Cyber hate can take many different forms from online material which can lead to actual offline abuse and violence, cyber violence; cyber stalking, and online harassment with the use of visual images, videos, chat rooms, text and social media which are intended to cause harm. \n \nThis book examines the case for current guidelines dealing with online anti-Muslim abuse and concludes that we require a new understanding of this online behaviour and t…
Islamophobia: Lived Experiences of Online and Offline Victimisation
Islamophobia examines the online and offline experiences of hate crime against Muslims, and the impact upon victims, their families and wider communities. It includes the voices of victims themselves, which leads to strategies for future prevention
Engaging with the Muslim Community in Cardiff: A Study of the Impact of Counter-Terrorism Research
Since the 9/11 attacks in 2001, there have been a number of terrorist suspects arrested in the UK, but 3⁄4 of those people are released without charge (Choudhury & Fenwick 2011). This has led to claims from within these communities that counter-terrorism legislation is both heavy handed and counter-productive. This article presents findings from a pilot research project that examined how best to engage with Muslim communities and to examine perce…
You Need to Be Sorted Out With a Knife: The Attempted Online Silencing of Women and People of Muslim Faith Within Academia
Academics are increasingly expected to use social media to disseminate their work and knowledge to public audiences. Although this has various advantages, particularly for alternative forms of dissemination, the web can also be an unsafe space for typically oppressed or subordinated groups. This article presents two auto-ethnographic accounts of the abuse and hate academics researching oppressed groups, namely, women and people of Muslim faith, e…
Stop and search: The Anatomy of a Police Power
Delsol and Michael Shiner is a collection of work that makes an important contribution to the field of policing and ethnicity studies, social justice and crime and society. It addresses one of the
Religion, Identity and Radicalisation
The current rise in the numbers of young British Muslims travelling from the UK to Syria has raised a number of questions about the UK Government’s counter-terrorism strategy and policy. Within the current discourse on radicalisation and Syria, listening to the voices of young British Muslims is crucial, if the UK Government, the police and other key stakeholders are serious about preventing the escalation of young people going out to fight in Sy…
What does terrorism look like?’: University lecturers’ interpretations of their Prevent duties and tackling extremism in UK universities
The UK Counter Terrorism and Security Act (2015) (CTSA) calls for a partnership between the government, individuals, organisations and communities to prevent the radicalisation of individuals and to prevent their participation in terrorist and illegal activities. As part of this strategy, universities have a statutory duty placed upon them to remain vigilant to signs of extremism. Based upon 20 interviews with UK university lecturers, the paper e…
Reply to reviewers for ‘Doing “Dangerous” Autoethnography on Islamophobic Victimization
Cyber-Extremism: Isis and the Power of Social Media
The current crises in Syria has led to a number of Britons travelling abroad to fight with groups such as Isis. Capitalising on this growth, Isis are now increasingly fighting an online cyber war, with the use of slick videos, online messages of hate and even an app that all aim to radicalise and create a new generation of cyber jihadists. These modern day tools are helping Isis spread their propaganda and ideology to thousands of online sympathi…
Doing 'dangerous' autoethnography on Islamophobic victimization
This article draws on our different experiences of employing autoethnography when researching Islamophobia, using two independent research projects. In particular, we reflect upon our experiences of Islamophobic victimization as a result of being 'visibly' Muslim in public spaces in the UK. We discuss our motivation for employing autoethnography and the role of our insider/outsider status in adopting the role of the Muslim 'other' in public space…
European social movements and Muslim activism another world but with whom
Parents of foreign "terrorist" fighters in Syria - will they report their young
The mounting tide of foreign fighters leaving Britain for the Middle East to fight, sacrifice or find new lives has blighted European governments and led to the further tightening up of counter-terrorism measures. Since the first British arrest of a Syrian returnee (Choudhury) in 2014, the latest figures of foreign fighter returnees have surged to approximately 800. A number of strategies aimed at thwarting these trends have surfaced including a …
I never did anything wrong’ – Trojan Horse: A qualitative study uncovering the impact in Birmingham
In 2014, the city of Birmingham (UK) became embroiled in a high-profile scandal that would bring it and the wider education system under disrepute. The ‘Trojan Horse’ affair, as it become known, began with an anonymised letter that claimed hard-line ‘Islamists’ were plotting and planning to take over a number of schools in Birmingham. Amongst the allegations were that some of the schools had been promoting gender segregation and that children wer…
Certainly the Muslim is the very devil incarnation’: Islamophobia and The Merchant of Venice
In this paper, we examine Shakespeare's sixteenth‐century play, The Merchant of Venice . Anti‐Semitism is a key theme in this play. The well‐known central character, Shylock, is a Jewish man ridiculed and victimised because of his identity. Much literary research has been done on the anti‐Semitism of the play, and many social studies have compared anti‐Semitism and Islamophobia, but scarcely any research brings a Shakespearean play from the sixte…
Understanding the public perception and satisfaction of a UK police constabulary
This study explores the public perception of a community in Britain, towards a police constabulary in the UK. The study sought to explore how the levels of satisfaction between Black and Minority Ethnicities (BME) and non BME communities towards this police force in the UK. Using a mixed-methods approach, data was obtained by the use of self-completion questionnaires of 112 participants in an area in the UK and the use of a total of 31 semi-struc…
The Routledge International Handbook of Islamophobia
Islamophobic hate crimes have increased significantly following the terrorist attacks of 9/11 and 7/7. More recently, the rhetoric surrounding Trump's election and presidency, Brexit, the rise of far-right groups and ISIS-inspired terrorist attacks worldwide have promoted a climate where Islamophobia and anti-Muslim sentiments have become 'legitimised'. The Routledge International Handbook of Islamophobia provides a comprehensive single-volume co…
Terrorism in the Classroom: Security, Surveillance and a Public Duty to Act
The Prevent Duty in UK higher education: Insights from freedom of information requests
Drawing upon 157 responses to Freedom of Information Requests sent to Higher Education Institutions across England, Scotland and Wales, this article explores how the Prevent Duty has been enacted within UK higher education. The article shows how the duty has seen considerable repositioning and restructuring across the sector, conflated counterterrorism with safeguarding and introduced further bureaucracy. The article also explores the low number …
Political science (31 works) · Law (29 works) · Sociology (29 works) · Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence (22 works) · Law (16 works) · Criminology (14 works) · Politics (14 works) · Media studies (12 works) · Terrorism (11 works) · Islamophobia (10 works)