Paul Y Kim
Biographic Data
| ID | 5423934 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Paul Y Kim |
| GIVEN NAMES | Paul Y |
| FAMILY NAME | Kim |
| SIGNATURE | KIM P Y |
| AFFILIATIONS | Seattle Pacific University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3298-7853 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 26 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 29 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 26 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
The impact of occupational factors on the mental health of US Army legal personnel
Indirect trauma, work hours, recovery, and occupational role can affect the mental health of legal personnel, but findings are equivocal or limited, and these factors have not been examined concurrently. This study examines the mental health impact of these factors among 691 US Army legal personnel. Findings revealed that military justice (MJ) paralegals were at greater risk for depression and post-traumatic stress (PTS) while some attorneys were…
Familial and religious ethnic–racial socialization in promoting activism among Asian American Christians
033). Nevertheless, parallel mediation analysis through bootstrapping demonstrated that neither familial nor religious ERS fully mediated the effects of race-related stress on social activism. These results underscore the significance of applying culturally imbued insights from different contexts to address discrimination within the AA Christian community. Scrutinizing these pathways can safeguard AA Christians, while promoting the amalgamation o…
Emotion, Religious Coping, Stigma, and Help-Seeking Attitudes Among Asian Americans
While there is an abundance of research on the relationship between stigma and help-seeking attitudes among Asian Americans, few studies have examined how emotion and religious variables influence this relationship. Thus, using a moderated mediation model, we investigated how emotion regulation, emotion socialization, and religious coping might affect the relationship between close others’ stigma, self-stigma, and help-seeking among a sample of A…
Internalized model minority myth, God representations, and mental health among Christian Asian Americans
Beliefs About Jesus’s Race, Implicit Bias, and Cultural Correlates Among Asian American College Students
Limited research examines how people of color view Jesus’s race and the influence of culture on such a view. We investigated the relationship between views of Jesus’s race and implicit bias when viewing images of Jesus (e.g., positive words associated with White Jesus, negative words associated with non-White Jesus) among Asian American students ( N = 103) from a Christian university. We predicted that (a) a small percentage of participants would…
A collaborative approach to improving representation in viral genomic surveillance
The lack of routine viral genomic surveillance delayed the initial detection of SARS-CoV-2, allowing the virus to spread unfettered at the outset of the U.S. epidemic. Over subsequent months, poor surveillance enabled variants to emerge unnoticed. Against this backdrop, long-standing social and racial inequities have contributed to a greater burden of cases and deaths among minority groups. To begin to address these problems, we developed a new v…
Asian American faculty's racialised experiences in Christian higher education
Given the lack of studies on the racialised experience of Asian American faculty in Christian higher education, the current study investigated Asian American Christian faculty’s experiences of stereotypes and discrimination and their responses to those experiences. Using the Consensual Qualitative Research method, we analysed nine interviews with Asian American Christian faculty. Major themes that emerged were the experience of stereotypes and di…
“I Have Been a Sojourner in a Foreign Land”
International students make up 5.5% of all university students in the United States. In addition, international students consist of approximately 4% of the student population in Christian higher education. Although there is a significant number of international students enrolled in faith-based institutions, this population remains underrepresented in multicultural psychological literature. Thus, applying the intrapersonal-interpersonal-spiritual …
White college students’ ethnocultural empathy toward Asians and Asian Americans during the Covid-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic increase in racist acts against Asians and Asian Americans. Given this troubling reality, it is important to identify how non-Asians, such as White individuals, can better understand the racialized experiences of their Asian and Asian American peers during this time. As such, we set out to examine White college students' ethnocultural empathy toward Asians and Asian Americans during the pandemic. Specif…
East Asian cultural values and life satisfaction among Korean college students
A mediator or moderator? Self-compassion’s role in the association between emotional self-control and help-seeking attitudes among Asian American college students
Etiology Beliefs, Religious Coping, Perceived Church Climates, and Beliefs About Psychological Services
This study investigated Korean Protestants’ beliefs about psychological services (BAPS) and their associations with religiosity and church climates. Using responses of 254 Protestants from 18 different churches in South Korea, we employed three multilevel analyses to explore whether participants’ etiology beliefs, religious coping, and perceived church climates in relation to psychological services were associated with the subscales of the BAPS s…
Academic Community Support, Campus Racial Climate, and Subjective Well-Being during the Coronavirus Outbreak among Asian American College Students
Due to the SARSCoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, individuals of Asian descent have been the recipients of racist behavior. Therefore, we investigated the possibility that the response of one's academic community would predict the subjective well-being of Asian students. We surveyed 165 Asian students at a predominantly White, U.S. university, and results indicated that leader support was associated with increased positive affect and decreased negative a…
Acceptability of racial microaggressions among Asian American college students
How much someone finds a racial microaggression to be acceptable can vary. We focus on the acceptability of racial microaggressions among Asian American college students, in relation to cultural and religious variables. We predicted that internalized model minority stereotype and individualism will be associated with being more accepting of microaggressions. We predicted that social conscience, or the belief that the church should be active in so…
Stigma, Loss of Face, and Help-Seeking Attitudes Among South Korean College Students
In this study, we investigated empirical associations between others’ stigma regarding seeking psychological help (predictor), self-stigma regarding seeking help (mediator), loss of face concerns (moderator), and professional help-seeking attitudes (outcome) among 485 South Korean college students. We also explored the dimensionality of close others’ stigma and public stigma using a bifactor analysis. We recruited participants from several univer…
Secondary traumatic stress in deployed healthcare staff
Although the majority of health care staff reported low STS scores, STS was inversely associated with work and family functioning. The relationship between STS symptoms and risk mitigation strategies such as self-care and health-promoting leadership suggest possible avenues of future research. Research should explore the utility of an STS measure that integrates different types of symptoms and evaluate how these symptoms influence functioning in …
Religious support mediates the racial microaggressions–mental health relation among Christian ethnic minority students
The author examined the mediating role of perceived support from religious sources (i.e., religious support; Fiala, Bjorck, & Gorsuch, 2002) in the inverse relation between racial microaggressions and well-being in a sample of Christian ethnic minority students. A modified version of the support deterioration model (Barrera, 1986) was used as the conceptual framework. It was hypothesized that the nature of the indirect effect would be (a) an inve…
Revisiting and Extending the Role of Religious Coping in the Racism-Mental Health Relation among Christian, Asian American Students
Despite the prevalent belief to the contrary, Asian Americans are susceptible to experiencing contemporary forms of racism and their deleterious influence on mental health. The present study is an empirical investigation of Asian Americans' experience of racism, its association with mental health, the different religious coping strategies that might be utilized, and the mediating roles of religious coping in a sample of Christian Asian American c…
Racial microaggressions, cultural mistrust, and mental health outcomes among asian american college students
The present study is an empirical investigation of cultural mistrust as a mediator in the association between racial microaggressions and mental health (anxiety, depression, and well-being) in a sample of Asian American college students. In addition, we explored the role of cultural mistrust as a mediator in the association between racial microaggressions and attitudes toward seeking professional help. Asian American participants (N = 156) were r…
Mental health disparities impacting Christian Korean Americans
Mental health disparities impacting Korean Americans are multifaceted. Although encouraging developments have been made in the knowledge of mental health prevalence and professional help-seeking behaviours of Asian Americans, Korean Americans continue to experience many challenges and unique needs that require more ethnic- and culture-specific knowledge. Given the prominent role that religion, particularly Christianity, plays in the Korean Americ…
Psychological experiences of Korean missionary “kids” (MKs)
The present study is a qualitative investigation of the psychological experiences of children of Korean missionaries, through the eyes of Korean missionary kids (MKs) and missionary workers. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 11 MKs and MK workers, and data were analysed using the Consensual Qualitative Research method. Several domains emerged: challenges associated with the MK experience, resiliency of MKs, intrapersonal and interper…
Emotional self-control, interpersonal shame, and racism as predictors of help-seeking attitudes among Asian Americans
The present study is a cross-sectional investigation of emotional self-control, interpersonal shame, and subtle racism as predictors of Asian American attitudes toward professional helpseeking in a sample of Asian American college students (N = 153). The authors applied and extended P. Y. Kim and Lee’s (2014) intrapersonal-interpersonal framework of Asian American help-seeking to include racism as a sociocultural correlate. It was hypothesized th…
Trends in Mental Health Services Utilization and Stigma in US Soldiers From 2002 to 2011
Objectives. We characterized trends in mental health services utilization and stigma over the course of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars among active-component US soldiers. Methods. We evaluated trends in mental health services utilization and stigma using US Army data from the Health-Related Behavior (HRB) surveys from 2002, 2005, and 2008 (n = 12 835) and the Land Combat Study (LCS) surveys administered to soldiers annually from 2003 to 2009 and a…
Internalized model minority myth, Asian values, and help-seeking attitudes among Asian American students
The present study examined cultural factors underlying help-seeking attitudes of Asian American college students (N = 106). Specifically, we explored internalized model minority myth as a predictor of help-seeking attitudes and tested an intrapersonal-interpersonal framework of Asian values as a mechanism by which the two are related. Results indicated that internalized model minority myth significantly predicted unfavorable help-seeking attitude…
The role of culture, family processes, and anger regulation in Korean American adolescents’ adjustment problems
Using an ecologically informed, developmental psychopathology perspective, the present study examined contextual and intrapersonal predictors of depressive symptoms and externalizing problems among Korean American adolescents. Specifically, the role of cultural context (self-construals), family processes (family cohesion and conflict), and anger regulation (anger control, anger suppression, and outward anger expression) were examined. Study parti…
Internalized model minority myth, Asian values, and help-seeking attitudes among Asian American students
The present study examined cultural factors underlying help-seeking attitudes of Asian American college students (N = 106). Specifically, we explored internalized model minority myth as a predictor of help-seeking attitudes and tested an intrapersonal-interpersonal framework of Asian values as a mechanism by which the two are related. Results indicated that internalized model minority myth significantly predicted unfavorable help-seeking attitude…
Academic Community Support, Campus Racial Climate, and Subjective Well-Being during the Coronavirus Outbreak among Asian American College Students
Due to the SARSCoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, individuals of Asian descent have been the recipients of racist behavior. Therefore, we investigated the possibility that the response of one's academic community would predict the subjective well-being of Asian students. We surveyed 165 Asian students at a predominantly White, U.S. university, and results indicated that leader support was associated with increased positive affect and decreased negative a…
Testing a multiple mediation model of Asian American college students’ willingness to see a counselor
Adapting the theory of reasoned action, the present study examined help-seeking beliefs, attitudes, and intent among Asian American college students (N = 110). A multiple mediation model was tested to see if the relation between Asian values and willingness to see a counselor was mediated by attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help and subjective norm. A bootstrapping procedure was used to test the multiple mediation model. Result…
Stigma, Loss of Face, and Help-Seeking Attitudes Among South Korean College Students
In this study, we investigated empirical associations between others’ stigma regarding seeking psychological help (predictor), self-stigma regarding seeking help (mediator), loss of face concerns (moderator), and professional help-seeking attitudes (outcome) among 485 South Korean college students. We also explored the dimensionality of close others’ stigma and public stigma using a bifactor analysis. We recruited participants from several univer…
Trends in Mental Health Services Utilization and Stigma in US Soldiers From 2002 to 2011
Objectives. We characterized trends in mental health services utilization and stigma over the course of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars among active-component US soldiers. Methods. We evaluated trends in mental health services utilization and stigma using US Army data from the Health-Related Behavior (HRB) surveys from 2002, 2005, and 2008 (n = 12 835) and the Land Combat Study (LCS) surveys administered to soldiers annually from 2003 to 2009 and a…
Etiology Beliefs, Religious Coping, Perceived Church Climates, and Beliefs About Psychological Services
This study investigated Korean Protestants’ beliefs about psychological services (BAPS) and their associations with religiosity and church climates. Using responses of 254 Protestants from 18 different churches in South Korea, we employed three multilevel analyses to explore whether participants’ etiology beliefs, religious coping, and perceived church climates in relation to psychological services were associated with the subscales of the BAPS s…
Testing a multiple mediation model of Asian American college students’ willingness to see a counselor
Adapting the theory of reasoned action, the present study examined help-seeking beliefs, attitudes, and intent among Asian American college students (N = 110). A multiple mediation model was tested to see if the relation between Asian values and willingness to see a counselor was mediated by attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help and subjective norm. A bootstrapping procedure was used to test the multiple mediation model. Result…
The role of culture, family processes, and anger regulation in Korean American adolescents’ adjustment problems
Using an ecologically informed, developmental psychopathology perspective, the present study examined contextual and intrapersonal predictors of depressive symptoms and externalizing problems among Korean American adolescents. Specifically, the role of cultural context (self-construals), family processes (family cohesion and conflict), and anger regulation (anger control, anger suppression, and outward anger expression) were examined. Study parti…
Internalized model minority myth, Asian values, and help-seeking attitudes among Asian American students
The present study examined cultural factors underlying help-seeking attitudes of Asian American college students (N = 106). Specifically, we explored internalized model minority myth as a predictor of help-seeking attitudes and tested an intrapersonal-interpersonal framework of Asian values as a mechanism by which the two are related. Results indicated that internalized model minority myth significantly predicted unfavorable help-seeking attitude…
Trends in Mental Health Services Utilization and Stigma in US Soldiers From 2002 to 2011
Objectives. We characterized trends in mental health services utilization and stigma over the course of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars among active-component US soldiers. Methods. We evaluated trends in mental health services utilization and stigma using US Army data from the Health-Related Behavior (HRB) surveys from 2002, 2005, and 2008 (n = 12 835) and the Land Combat Study (LCS) surveys administered to soldiers annually from 2003 to 2009 and a…
Emotional self-control, interpersonal shame, and racism as predictors of help-seeking attitudes among Asian Americans
The present study is a cross-sectional investigation of emotional self-control, interpersonal shame, and subtle racism as predictors of Asian American attitudes toward professional helpseeking in a sample of Asian American college students (N = 153). The authors applied and extended P. Y. Kim and Lee’s (2014) intrapersonal-interpersonal framework of Asian American help-seeking to include racism as a sociocultural correlate. It was hypothesized th…
Mental health disparities impacting Christian Korean Americans
Mental health disparities impacting Korean Americans are multifaceted. Although encouraging developments have been made in the knowledge of mental health prevalence and professional help-seeking behaviours of Asian Americans, Korean Americans continue to experience many challenges and unique needs that require more ethnic- and culture-specific knowledge. Given the prominent role that religion, particularly Christianity, plays in the Korean Americ…
Psychological experiences of Korean missionary “kids” (MKs)
The present study is a qualitative investigation of the psychological experiences of children of Korean missionaries, through the eyes of Korean missionary kids (MKs) and missionary workers. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 11 MKs and MK workers, and data were analysed using the Consensual Qualitative Research method. Several domains emerged: challenges associated with the MK experience, resiliency of MKs, intrapersonal and interper…
Religious support mediates the racial microaggressions–mental health relation among Christian ethnic minority students
The author examined the mediating role of perceived support from religious sources (i.e., religious support; Fiala, Bjorck, & Gorsuch, 2002) in the inverse relation between racial microaggressions and well-being in a sample of Christian ethnic minority students. A modified version of the support deterioration model (Barrera, 1986) was used as the conceptual framework. It was hypothesized that the nature of the indirect effect would be (a) an inve…
Revisiting and Extending the Role of Religious Coping in the Racism-Mental Health Relation among Christian, Asian American Students
Despite the prevalent belief to the contrary, Asian Americans are susceptible to experiencing contemporary forms of racism and their deleterious influence on mental health. The present study is an empirical investigation of Asian Americans' experience of racism, its association with mental health, the different religious coping strategies that might be utilized, and the mediating roles of religious coping in a sample of Christian Asian American c…
Racial microaggressions, cultural mistrust, and mental health outcomes among asian american college students
The present study is an empirical investigation of cultural mistrust as a mediator in the association between racial microaggressions and mental health (anxiety, depression, and well-being) in a sample of Asian American college students. In addition, we explored the role of cultural mistrust as a mediator in the association between racial microaggressions and attitudes toward seeking professional help. Asian American participants (N = 156) were r…
Secondary traumatic stress in deployed healthcare staff
Although the majority of health care staff reported low STS scores, STS was inversely associated with work and family functioning. The relationship between STS symptoms and risk mitigation strategies such as self-care and health-promoting leadership suggest possible avenues of future research. Research should explore the utility of an STS measure that integrates different types of symptoms and evaluate how these symptoms influence functioning in …
Acceptability of racial microaggressions among Asian American college students
How much someone finds a racial microaggression to be acceptable can vary. We focus on the acceptability of racial microaggressions among Asian American college students, in relation to cultural and religious variables. We predicted that internalized model minority stereotype and individualism will be associated with being more accepting of microaggressions. We predicted that social conscience, or the belief that the church should be active in so…
Stigma, Loss of Face, and Help-Seeking Attitudes Among South Korean College Students
In this study, we investigated empirical associations between others’ stigma regarding seeking psychological help (predictor), self-stigma regarding seeking help (mediator), loss of face concerns (moderator), and professional help-seeking attitudes (outcome) among 485 South Korean college students. We also explored the dimensionality of close others’ stigma and public stigma using a bifactor analysis. We recruited participants from several univer…
Academic Community Support, Campus Racial Climate, and Subjective Well-Being during the Coronavirus Outbreak among Asian American College Students
Due to the SARSCoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, individuals of Asian descent have been the recipients of racist behavior. Therefore, we investigated the possibility that the response of one's academic community would predict the subjective well-being of Asian students. We surveyed 165 Asian students at a predominantly White, U.S. university, and results indicated that leader support was associated with increased positive affect and decreased negative a…
“I Have Been a Sojourner in a Foreign Land”
International students make up 5.5% of all university students in the United States. In addition, international students consist of approximately 4% of the student population in Christian higher education. Although there is a significant number of international students enrolled in faith-based institutions, this population remains underrepresented in multicultural psychological literature. Thus, applying the intrapersonal-interpersonal-spiritual …
White college students’ ethnocultural empathy toward Asians and Asian Americans during the Covid-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic increase in racist acts against Asians and Asian Americans. Given this troubling reality, it is important to identify how non-Asians, such as White individuals, can better understand the racialized experiences of their Asian and Asian American peers during this time. As such, we set out to examine White college students' ethnocultural empathy toward Asians and Asian Americans during the pandemic. Specif…
East Asian cultural values and life satisfaction among Korean college students
A mediator or moderator? Self-compassion’s role in the association between emotional self-control and help-seeking attitudes among Asian American college students
Etiology Beliefs, Religious Coping, Perceived Church Climates, and Beliefs About Psychological Services
This study investigated Korean Protestants’ beliefs about psychological services (BAPS) and their associations with religiosity and church climates. Using responses of 254 Protestants from 18 different churches in South Korea, we employed three multilevel analyses to explore whether participants’ etiology beliefs, religious coping, and perceived church climates in relation to psychological services were associated with the subscales of the BAPS s…
Asian American faculty's racialised experiences in Christian higher education
Given the lack of studies on the racialised experience of Asian American faculty in Christian higher education, the current study investigated Asian American Christian faculty’s experiences of stereotypes and discrimination and their responses to those experiences. Using the Consensual Qualitative Research method, we analysed nine interviews with Asian American Christian faculty. Major themes that emerged were the experience of stereotypes and di…
Internalized model minority myth, God representations, and mental health among Christian Asian Americans
Beliefs About Jesus’s Race, Implicit Bias, and Cultural Correlates Among Asian American College Students
Limited research examines how people of color view Jesus’s race and the influence of culture on such a view. We investigated the relationship between views of Jesus’s race and implicit bias when viewing images of Jesus (e.g., positive words associated with White Jesus, negative words associated with non-White Jesus) among Asian American students ( N = 103) from a Christian university. We predicted that (a) a small percentage of participants would…
A collaborative approach to improving representation in viral genomic surveillance
The lack of routine viral genomic surveillance delayed the initial detection of SARS-CoV-2, allowing the virus to spread unfettered at the outset of the U.S. epidemic. Over subsequent months, poor surveillance enabled variants to emerge unnoticed. Against this backdrop, long-standing social and racial inequities have contributed to a greater burden of cases and deaths among minority groups. To begin to address these problems, we developed a new v…
Emotion, Religious Coping, Stigma, and Help-Seeking Attitudes Among Asian Americans
While there is an abundance of research on the relationship between stigma and help-seeking attitudes among Asian Americans, few studies have examined how emotion and religious variables influence this relationship. Thus, using a moderated mediation model, we investigated how emotion regulation, emotion socialization, and religious coping might affect the relationship between close others’ stigma, self-stigma, and help-seeking among a sample of A…
Familial and religious ethnic–racial socialization in promoting activism among Asian American Christians
033). Nevertheless, parallel mediation analysis through bootstrapping demonstrated that neither familial nor religious ERS fully mediated the effects of race-related stress on social activism. These results underscore the significance of applying culturally imbued insights from different contexts to address discrimination within the AA Christian community. Scrutinizing these pathways can safeguard AA Christians, while promoting the amalgamation o…
Psychology (24 works) · Social Psychology (20 works) · Clinical Psychology (14 works) · Sociology (14 works) · Ethnic group (13 works) · Asian americans (11 works) · Mental health (11 works) · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research (11 works) · Gender Studies (8 works) · Medicine (8 works)