Daniel J Graham
Biographic Data
| ID | 5442494 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Daniel J Graham |
| GIVEN NAMES | Daniel J |
| FAMILY NAME | Graham |
| SIGNATURE | GRAHAM D J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Imperial College London |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6971-8737 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 93 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 28 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Estimating annual average daily traffic on local roads
Obtaining street-level annual average daily traffic (AADT) is crucial for environmental assessments, infrastructure planning, and sustainable transport policy. However, comprehensive traffic data collection remains resource intensive and spatially sparse. We present a scalable machine learning (ML) framework that integrates over 900 contextual features (e.g. demographics) with engineered spatial statistical features (e.g. eigenvector spatial filt…
Metros, agglomeration and displacement. Evidence from London
The Gini index of demand imbalances in public transport
The paper studies a general bidirectional public transport line along which demand varies by line section. The length of line sections also varies, and therefore their contribution to aggregate (line-level) user and operational costs might be different, even if demand levels were uniform. The paper proposes the Gini index as a measure of demand imbalances in public transport. We run a series of numerical simulations with randomised demand pattern…
A causal inference approach to measure the vulnerability of urban metro systems
Transit operators need vulnerability measures to understand the level of service degradation under disruptions. This paper contributes to the literature with a novel causal inference approach for estimating station-level vulnerability in metro systems. The empirical analysis is based on large-scale data on historical incidents and population-level passenger demand. This analysis thus obviates the need for assumptions made by previous studies on h…
Quantifying the Impact of Street Lighting and Walkpaths on Street Inclusiveness
Has the ultra low emission zone in London improved air quality
London introduced the world’s most stringent emissions zone, the Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ), in April 2019 to reduce air pollutant emissions from road transport and accelerate compliance with the EU air quality standards. Combining meteorological normalisation, change point detection, and a regression discontinuity design with time as the forcing variable, we provide an ex-post causal analysis of air quality improvements attributable to the L…
Intersectional health disparities
This study uses Intersectionality-informed methods to quantitatively examine experiences of discrimination and depressive symptoms among historically marginalised populations. Using mediation models and data from Project STRIDE collected in 2005–2006, discrimination (attributed to gender and/or sexual orientation and/or race/ethnicity) was modelled as a mediator between identity and depressive symptoms among seven diverse identity-based subgroups…
Public transport provision under agglomeration economies
Agglomeration, accessibility and productivity
This paper estimates the productivity gains from agglomeration economies for a sample of the largest metropolitan areas in the United States using measures of urban agglomeration based on employment density and employment accessibility. The latter is a more accurate measure of economic proximity and allows testing for the spatial decay of agglomeration effects with increasing travel time. We find that the productivity gains from urban agglomerati…
Testing for labour pooling as a source of agglomeration economies
A meta-analysis of the impact of rail projects on land and property values
Agglomeration elasticities and firm heterogeneity
Estimating the agglomeration benefits of transport investments
The effect of labour market spatial structure on commuting in England and Wales
We examine the relationship between commuting patterns and distances travelled for labour markets in England and Wales and find that there is considerable spatial heterogeneity. To explain the observed spatial variation in the distance-decay of commute trips, we test for the effects of urban structure and transport supply. The results indicate that these factors are important in explaining the observed heterogeneity in the magnitude of the distan…
Identificación de externalidades de urbanización y localización en industrias manufactureras y de servicios
Infraestructura de autopistas y empleo a nivel estatal
Equity analysis of personal tradable carbon permits for the road transport sector
Highway infrastructure and state‐level employment
Identifying urbanisation and localisation externalities in manufacturing and service industries
The impact of high-speed technology on railway demand
Variable returns to agglomeration and the effect of road traffic congestion
Proper Pricing for Transport Infrastructure and the Case of Urban Road Congestion
For transport systems the issues of pricing, service quality, funding and investment in urban areas are inextricably interdependent. The paper first argues that no policy can be set for any of these aspects of transport in isolation from any other. Transport planners and urban policy-makers can choose to tolerate congestion, or build new capacity or introduce road user charging. These issues are explored and analysed in the context of London-Euro…
Spatial Variation in Road Pedestrian Casualties
This paper examines the role of urban scale, density and land-use mix on the incidence of road pedestrian casualties. It develops a spatial model at a disaggregate level that attempts to understand how the nature of the urban environment, with its associated traffic generation characteristics, affects the incidence of road pedestrian casualties. The results show that the characteristics of the local environment have a powerful influence on pedest…
The Location and Concentration of Businesses in Britain
An important debate has recently developed around the significance of business clusters for the development of the economy. This paper assesses the extent to which concentrated clusters of businesses exist in Britain, using the fine spatial mesh of postcode districts. It identifies the major clusters using a development of the methodology to define local labour market areas. The paper demonstrates the high degree of localization and uneven develo…
Explaining Size Differentiation of Business Service Centres
This paper assesses the differentiation between business centres in Britain using data on business location from the Census of Employment analysed at postcode district level. The paper uses a combination of micro-analytical, central place theory and interregional trade theory to argue that centres can be expected to be differentiated from each other in the form of a hierarchy. The paper uses a spatial interaction model to test various possible fo…
The Location and Concentration of Businesses in Britain
An important debate has recently developed around the significance of business clusters for the development of the economy. This paper assesses the extent to which concentrated clusters of businesses exist in Britain, using the fine spatial mesh of postcode districts. It identifies the major clusters using a development of the methodology to define local labour market areas. The paper demonstrates the high degree of localization and uneven develo…
Identifying urbanisation and localisation externalities in manufacturing and service industries
Agglomeration, accessibility and productivity
This paper estimates the productivity gains from agglomeration economies for a sample of the largest metropolitan areas in the United States using measures of urban agglomeration based on employment density and employment accessibility. The latter is a more accurate measure of economic proximity and allows testing for the spatial decay of agglomeration effects with increasing travel time. We find that the productivity gains from urban agglomerati…
Variable returns to agglomeration and the effect of road traffic congestion
The effect of labour market spatial structure on commuting in England and Wales
We examine the relationship between commuting patterns and distances travelled for labour markets in England and Wales and find that there is considerable spatial heterogeneity. To explain the observed spatial variation in the distance-decay of commute trips, we test for the effects of urban structure and transport supply. The results indicate that these factors are important in explaining the observed heterogeneity in the magnitude of the distan…
Spatial Variation in Road Pedestrian Casualties
This paper examines the role of urban scale, density and land-use mix on the incidence of road pedestrian casualties. It develops a spatial model at a disaggregate level that attempts to understand how the nature of the urban environment, with its associated traffic generation characteristics, affects the incidence of road pedestrian casualties. The results show that the characteristics of the local environment have a powerful influence on pedest…
Testing for labour pooling as a source of agglomeration economies
Contemporary Deindustrialisation and Tertiarisation in the London Economy
This study provides an empirical examination of recent change in the London economy to assess the degree to which the processes of deindustrialisation and tertiarisation have affected the capital. Three different components of the London economy are considered-output, establishment structure and employment. It is demonstrated that each of these has changed in different ways and that this raises subtle questions as to how deindustrialisation and t…
Competition for Metropolitan Resources
In this paper we consider the extent to which manufacturing activity in London in the 1980s has been influenced by a 'crowding-out' effect as a result of the expansion of 'global-city' functions within the capital. First, a brief outline is provided of the concept of the global city and the related interpretations of urban manufacturing change. We then examine the relevance of global-city hypotheses, focusing on three different empirical aspects …
Intersectional health disparities
This study uses Intersectionality-informed methods to quantitatively examine experiences of discrimination and depressive symptoms among historically marginalised populations. Using mediation models and data from Project STRIDE collected in 2005–2006, discrimination (attributed to gender and/or sexual orientation and/or race/ethnicity) was modelled as a mediator between identity and depressive symptoms among seven diverse identity-based subgroups…
Equity analysis of personal tradable carbon permits for the road transport sector
Proper Pricing for Transport Infrastructure and the Case of Urban Road Congestion
For transport systems the issues of pricing, service quality, funding and investment in urban areas are inextricably interdependent. The paper first argues that no policy can be set for any of these aspects of transport in isolation from any other. Transport planners and urban policy-makers can choose to tolerate congestion, or build new capacity or introduce road user charging. These issues are explored and analysed in the context of London-Euro…
Explaining Size Differentiation of Business Service Centres
This paper assesses the differentiation between business centres in Britain using data on business location from the Census of Employment analysed at postcode district level. The paper uses a combination of micro-analytical, central place theory and interregional trade theory to argue that centres can be expected to be differentiated from each other in the form of a hierarchy. The paper uses a spatial interaction model to test various possible fo…
A Productivity Growth Interpretation of the Labour Demand Shift‐Share Model
GRAHAM D. J. and SPENCE N. (1998) A productivity growth interpretation of the labour demand shift-share model, Reg. Studies 32, 515-525. This paper proposes modifications to the labour demand shift-share model set out in this journal by CASLER, 1989, to allow for its implementation and to extend its use to analyses of regional labour productivity growth. The paper begins by briefly outlining the theoretical basis for the shift-share method provid…
Agglomeration elasticities and firm heterogeneity
Highway infrastructure and state‐level employment
Contemporary Deindustrialisation and Tertiarisation in the London Economy
This study provides an empirical examination of recent change in the London economy to assess the degree to which the processes of deindustrialisation and tertiarisation have affected the capital. Three different components of the London economy are considered-output, establishment structure and employment. It is demonstrated that each of these has changed in different ways and that this raises subtle questions as to how deindustrialisation and t…
Competition for Metropolitan Resources
In this paper we consider the extent to which manufacturing activity in London in the 1980s has been influenced by a 'crowding-out' effect as a result of the expansion of 'global-city' functions within the capital. First, a brief outline is provided of the concept of the global city and the related interpretations of urban manufacturing change. We then examine the relevance of global-city hypotheses, focusing on three different empirical aspects …
Explaining Size Differentiation of Business Service Centres
This paper assesses the differentiation between business centres in Britain using data on business location from the Census of Employment analysed at postcode district level. The paper uses a combination of micro-analytical, central place theory and interregional trade theory to argue that centres can be expected to be differentiated from each other in the form of a hierarchy. The paper uses a spatial interaction model to test various possible fo…
A Productivity Growth Interpretation of the Labour Demand Shift‐Share Model
GRAHAM D. J. and SPENCE N. (1998) A productivity growth interpretation of the labour demand shift-share model, Reg. Studies 32, 515-525. This paper proposes modifications to the labour demand shift-share model set out in this journal by CASLER, 1989, to allow for its implementation and to extend its use to analyses of regional labour productivity growth. The paper begins by briefly outlining the theoretical basis for the shift-share method provid…
The Location and Concentration of Businesses in Britain
An important debate has recently developed around the significance of business clusters for the development of the economy. This paper assesses the extent to which concentrated clusters of businesses exist in Britain, using the fine spatial mesh of postcode districts. It identifies the major clusters using a development of the methodology to define local labour market areas. The paper demonstrates the high degree of localization and uneven develo…
Spatial Variation in Road Pedestrian Casualties
This paper examines the role of urban scale, density and land-use mix on the incidence of road pedestrian casualties. It develops a spatial model at a disaggregate level that attempts to understand how the nature of the urban environment, with its associated traffic generation characteristics, affects the incidence of road pedestrian casualties. The results show that the characteristics of the local environment have a powerful influence on pedest…
Proper Pricing for Transport Infrastructure and the Case of Urban Road Congestion
For transport systems the issues of pricing, service quality, funding and investment in urban areas are inextricably interdependent. The paper first argues that no policy can be set for any of these aspects of transport in isolation from any other. Transport planners and urban policy-makers can choose to tolerate congestion, or build new capacity or introduce road user charging. These issues are explored and analysed in the context of London-Euro…
The impact of high-speed technology on railway demand
Variable returns to agglomeration and the effect of road traffic congestion
Equity analysis of personal tradable carbon permits for the road transport sector
Highway infrastructure and state‐level employment
Identifying urbanisation and localisation externalities in manufacturing and service industries
Identificación de externalidades de urbanización y localización en industrias manufactureras y de servicios
Infraestructura de autopistas y empleo a nivel estatal
Estimating the agglomeration benefits of transport investments
The effect of labour market spatial structure on commuting in England and Wales
We examine the relationship between commuting patterns and distances travelled for labour markets in England and Wales and find that there is considerable spatial heterogeneity. To explain the observed spatial variation in the distance-decay of commute trips, we test for the effects of urban structure and transport supply. The results indicate that these factors are important in explaining the observed heterogeneity in the magnitude of the distan…
A meta-analysis of the impact of rail projects on land and property values
Agglomeration elasticities and firm heterogeneity
Testing for labour pooling as a source of agglomeration economies
Agglomeration, accessibility and productivity
This paper estimates the productivity gains from agglomeration economies for a sample of the largest metropolitan areas in the United States using measures of urban agglomeration based on employment density and employment accessibility. The latter is a more accurate measure of economic proximity and allows testing for the spatial decay of agglomeration effects with increasing travel time. We find that the productivity gains from urban agglomerati…
Public transport provision under agglomeration economies
Metros, agglomeration and displacement. Evidence from London
The Gini index of demand imbalances in public transport
The paper studies a general bidirectional public transport line along which demand varies by line section. The length of line sections also varies, and therefore their contribution to aggregate (line-level) user and operational costs might be different, even if demand levels were uniform. The paper proposes the Gini index as a measure of demand imbalances in public transport. We run a series of numerical simulations with randomised demand pattern…
A causal inference approach to measure the vulnerability of urban metro systems
Transit operators need vulnerability measures to understand the level of service degradation under disruptions. This paper contributes to the literature with a novel causal inference approach for estimating station-level vulnerability in metro systems. The empirical analysis is based on large-scale data on historical incidents and population-level passenger demand. This analysis thus obviates the need for assumptions made by previous studies on h…
Quantifying the Impact of Street Lighting and Walkpaths on Street Inclusiveness
Economics (19 works) · Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis (13 works) · Geography (12 works) · Urban Transport and Accessibility (11 works) · Economic geography (10 works) · Transport engineering (10 works) · Microeconomics (9 works) · Productivity (9 works) · Engineering (8 works) · Econometrics (7 works)