P C Elwood
Biographic Data
| ID | 5459326 |
|---|---|
| NAME | P C Elwood |
| GIVEN NAMES | P C |
| FAMILY NAME | Elwood |
| SIGNATURE | ELWOOD P C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University Hospital Llandough |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4352-1570 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 43 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 61 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 43 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1961 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2017 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Vitamin D intake and risk of CVD and all-cause mortality
Objective Prospective data on the associations between vitamin D intake and risk of CVD and all-cause mortality are limited and inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between vitamin D intake and CVD risk and all-cause mortality in the Caerphilly Prospective Cohort Study. Design The associations of vitamin D intake with CVD risk markers were examined cross-sectionally at baseline and longitudinally at 5-yea…
Sleep disturbance and daytime sleepiness predict vascular dementia
BACKGROUND: Disturbed sleep is common throughout the community and is associated with an increase in daytime sleepiness, both of which, in turn are associated with an increased risk of ischaemic vascular disease. The hypothesis that sleep disturbances are predictive of dementia, and in particular vascular dementia was tested in a large community-based cohort of older men. METHODS: A questionnaire on sleep disturbances was administered to 1986 men…
My health
BACKGROUND: Medicines are likely to assume an increasingly important role in helping people to remain healthy. But there are few indications as to what information and other support people want when assessing the risks and benefits of medicines; what role they feel government and healthcare professionals should play in informing, advising and encouraging healthy people on the potential benefits and possible risks of prophylactic medicines; and, u…
Milk and dairy consumption, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome
Objectives: To report a negative association between milk or dairy consumption and the metabolic syndrome and to examine associations within the Caerphilly cohort. Setting: A representative sample of men aged 45–59 years in Caerphilly, UK. Participants and data: Data on fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin, fasting plasma triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, and blood pressure were used to define the metabo…
Sleep disturbance, stroke, and heart disease events
Objective: To test the hypothesis that sleep disorders are relevant to the risk of ischaemic stroke and ischaemic heart disease events in older men. Design: A cohort study. Setting: The Caerphilly cohort, a representative population sample of older men in South Wales, UK. Participants: 1986 men aged 55–69 years completed a questionnaire on sleep patterns with help from their partners. This asked about symptoms of disturbed sleep: insomnia, snorin…
Long term effect of breast feeding
Study objective: There is evidence suggesting that artificial feeding is associated with a reduction in cognitive function in infants and children, in contrast with breast feeding, but the available evidence suffers from confounding by social and educational factors. An opportunity arose in the Caerphilly cohort study to examine relations between cognitive function in older men and their feeding as infants, when breast feeding was usual. Design: …
Milk consumption, stroke, and heart attack risk
Objective: To examine associations between milk consumption and incident heart disease and stroke. Design: A representative population sample of men was asked to weigh and record their food intake for seven days. The total consumption of milk was obtained from these records. Details of all deaths and vascular events were collected during the following 20 years. Incident ischaemic strokes and heart disease events were diagnosed by standard criteri…
Is Type A Behavior Really a Trigger for Coronary Heart Disease Events
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare chronic with acute mechanisms by which Type A might predict incident coronary heart disease (CHD). METHOD: The study included 2394 men aged 50 to 64 years who were assessed for CHD, Type A behavior, and CHD risk factors. Type A was assessed using the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), the Bortner scale, and the Framingham scale. Further examinations were completed at 5 and 9 years for incident CHD. …
Total and HDL Cholesterol and Risk of Stroke. Eurostroke
Background: Controversy remains on the relation between serum lipids levels and stroke risk. This paper investigated the association of total and HDL cholesterol level to fatal and non-fatal, and haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke in four European cohorts participating in EUROSTROKE. Methods: EUROSTROKE is a collaborative project among ongoing European cohort studies on incidence and risk factors of stroke. EUROSTROKE is designed as a nested case-…
Level of Fibrinogen and Risk of Fatal and Non-Fatal Stroke. Eurostroke
Background: It is well established that raised levels of fibrinogen increase the risk of coronary heart disease. For stroke, however, data are much more limited and restricted to overall stroke. This study investigated the association between fibrinogen and fatal, non-fatal, haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke in three European cohorts participating in EUROSTROKE. Methods: EUROSTROKE is a collaborative project among ongoing European cohort studies …
The Eurostroke Cohorts
This paper describes the design and methodology of the participating cohorts in the EUROSTROKE project. Information is given about the cohort sampling, its size, the follow up procedures and event classification. Information is also given about the measurement of the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors in each of the cohorts separately. The cohorts described are the Caerphilly study in Cardiff, United Kingdom; the Kuopio Ischaemic Hea…
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Risk of Fatal and Non-Fatal Stroke. Eurostroke
Background: This study investigated the association between electrocardiographically assessed left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and fatal, non-fatal, haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke in four European cohorts participating in EUROSTROKE. Methods: EUROSTROKE is a collaborative project among ongoing European cohort studies to investigate differences in incidence of, and risk factors for, stroke between countries. EUROSTROKE is designed as a nested…
Prediction of Stroke in the General Population in Europe (Eurostroke)
Background: To decide whether a person with certain characteristics should be given any kind of intervention to prevent a cardiovascular event, it would be helpful to classify subjects in low, medium and high risk categories. The study evaluated which well known cerebrovascular and cardiovascular correlates, in particular fibrinogen level and ECG characteristics, are able to predict the occurrence of stroke in men of the general population using …
Γ-Glutamyltransferase and risk of stroke
Background: Alcohol consumption has been implicated in the aetiology of stroke. As data on alcohol consumption obtained by questionnaire are susceptible to missclassification, this study evaluated the assocation between γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT), as a marker for alcohol consumption, and fatal, non-fatal, haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke in three European cohort studies, participating in EUROSTROKE. Methods: EUROSTROKE is a collaborative proje…
Height, body mass index, and survival in men with coronary disease
Taller people have a lower risk of coronary death and death from all causes,1 but there are few data on the association between height and survival in those with coronary disease. Similarly being either underweight or obese is associated with increased coronary and all cause mortality 2 but the association of body mass index (BMI) and survival in people with symptomatic coronary heart disease has not been so widely reported.3,4 We examined these …
The first, worst, and most successful clinical trial of Archie Cochrane
Archie Cochrane will be remembered for many things, but perhaps more than anything for his enthusiastic promotion of the randomised controlled trial in clinical research, and for his call for periodic overviews of such trials. Yet Archie himself never conducted a randomised controlled trial
Milk, coronary disease and mortality
Milk has long been under suspicion as an important factor in coronary heart disease because of its relatively high content of saturated fat and numerous people and expert groups have spoken and written in condemnation of milk and have recommended that only skimmed or semiskimmed milk is drunk—even by children. Many mechanisms have however been appealed to in attempts to explain the supposed harm of milk. Thus it has been argued that its high calc…
Anger and Incident Heart Disease in the Caerphilly Study
OBJECTIVE: The idea that anger may predict ischemic heart disease (IHD) is more than 30 years old. Some, but not all, prospective studies have supported this suggestion. Attention has focused on hostility as the critical component of anger for IHD risk. This idea is explored using prospective data from the Caerphilly study. METHODS: A sample of 2890 men aged 49 to 65 years living in and around Caerphilly, South Wales, was identified. Anger was as…
Smoking, drinking, and other life style factors and cognitive function in men in the Caerphilly cohort
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine the cognitive function in a large, ongoing cohort study of older men, and to identify associations with social and lifestyle factors. DESIGN: A cross sectional study of cognitive function was conducted within the Caerphilly Prospective Study of Heart Disease and stroke. SETTING: The Caerphilly Study was originally set up in 1979-83 when the men were 45-59 years of age. Extensive data are available on a wide range of l…
Blood Pressure Reactions to Cold Pressor and the Prediction of Ischaemic Heart Disease
Carroll, D.; Smith, G. Davey; Willemsen, G.; Sheffield, D.; Sweetnam, P.M.; Gallacher, J.J.E.; Elwood, P.C. Author Information
Blood pressure reactions to the cold pressor test and the prediction of ischaemic heart disease
Introduction Exposure to poor environmental conditions has been associated with deterioration of physical and mental health, and with reduction of cognitive performance. Environmental conditions may also influence cognitive development of children, but epidemiological evidence is scant. In developed countries, children spend 930 hours per year in a classroom, second only to time spent in their bedroom. Using continuous sensing technology, we inve…
Growth of children from 0–5 years
A cohort of 1163 pregnant women in two small towns in South Wales, UK, was identified and followed until the children born to them were five years of age. Growth in these children is described and a number of determinants identified. Social-class differences were very small at birth but differences in height became clear by the age of two years and in head circumference before this. In height the differences were largely accounted for by greater …
The lead debate
excellent, of selected studies and topics in melanoma epidemiology.It does not, however, give comprehensive coverage of the subject
Further evidence of a fall in blood lead levels in Wales
Random samples of residents in North Wales, some of whom had been seen in 1976 and others in 1981, were seen again in 1984. Blood lead estimations indicated that there had been a fall of about 5% per year. This is similar to the fall we estimated from two previous studies in Wales and is comparable to changes described in the USA and New Zealand
Lead levels on traffic-less islands
Surveys were conducted on three traffic-less islands: Tory and Aran, off the coast of Ireland, and Sark, one of the Channel Islands off the coast of France. Identical methods were used in surveys in three other areas, all of which have heavy gasoline driven traffic. These were Jersey, another of the Channel Islands, Ebbw Vale--a mixed industrial area, and Cardiff--the capital city of Wales. Environmental lead levels were very low in two of the tr…
Milk and dairy consumption, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome
Objectives: To report a negative association between milk or dairy consumption and the metabolic syndrome and to examine associations within the Caerphilly cohort. Setting: A representative sample of men aged 45–59 years in Caerphilly, UK. Participants and data: Data on fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin, fasting plasma triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, and blood pressure were used to define the metabo…
Milk consumption, stroke, and heart attack risk
Objective: To examine associations between milk consumption and incident heart disease and stroke. Design: A representative population sample of men was asked to weigh and record their food intake for seven days. The total consumption of milk was obtained from these records. Details of all deaths and vascular events were collected during the following 20 years. Incident ischaemic strokes and heart disease events were diagnosed by standard criteri…
A randomised controlled trial of the effect of the provision of free school milk on the growth of children
A randomised controlled study was carried out of the effect on growth of the provision of free milk supplements to schoolchildren aged 7 and 8. In selecting children for this study, the aim was to identify those whose socioeconomic circumstances might place them at a disadvantage for growth. Five hundred and eighty-one-children were selected from schools where a high proportion of the pupils received free school meals, and from families with four…
Smoking, drinking, and other life style factors and cognitive function in men in the Caerphilly cohort
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine the cognitive function in a large, ongoing cohort study of older men, and to identify associations with social and lifestyle factors. DESIGN: A cross sectional study of cognitive function was conducted within the Caerphilly Prospective Study of Heart Disease and stroke. SETTING: The Caerphilly Study was originally set up in 1979-83 when the men were 45-59 years of age. Extensive data are available on a wide range of l…
Height, body mass index, and survival in men with coronary disease
Taller people have a lower risk of coronary death and death from all causes,1 but there are few data on the association between height and survival in those with coronary disease. Similarly being either underweight or obese is associated with increased coronary and all cause mortality 2 but the association of body mass index (BMI) and survival in people with symptomatic coronary heart disease has not been so widely reported.3,4 We examined these …
Sleep disturbance and daytime sleepiness predict vascular dementia
BACKGROUND: Disturbed sleep is common throughout the community and is associated with an increase in daytime sleepiness, both of which, in turn are associated with an increased risk of ischaemic vascular disease. The hypothesis that sleep disturbances are predictive of dementia, and in particular vascular dementia was tested in a large community-based cohort of older men. METHODS: A questionnaire on sleep disturbances was administered to 1986 men…
My health
BACKGROUND: Medicines are likely to assume an increasingly important role in helping people to remain healthy. But there are few indications as to what information and other support people want when assessing the risks and benefits of medicines; what role they feel government and healthcare professionals should play in informing, advising and encouraging healthy people on the potential benefits and possible risks of prophylactic medicines; and, u…
Further evidence of a fall in blood lead levels in Wales
Random samples of residents in North Wales, some of whom had been seen in 1976 and others in 1981, were seen again in 1984. Blood lead estimations indicated that there had been a fall of about 5% per year. This is similar to the fall we estimated from two previous studies in Wales and is comparable to changes described in the USA and New Zealand
Neural tube malformations and trace elements in water
A retrospective case-control study was conducted to test the hypothesis that there is an association between the trace element content of domestic tap water and neural tube malformations in infants. Of 11 elements examined a notable difference was found only for zinc, this being lower in the cases than in the controls. This difference, however, was small and when allowance is made for the total number of statistical comparisons it is compatible w…
Sleep disturbance, stroke, and heart disease events
Objective: To test the hypothesis that sleep disorders are relevant to the risk of ischaemic stroke and ischaemic heart disease events in older men. Design: A cohort study. Setting: The Caerphilly cohort, a representative population sample of older men in South Wales, UK. Participants: 1986 men aged 55–69 years completed a questionnaire on sleep patterns with help from their partners. This asked about symptoms of disturbed sleep: insomnia, snorin…
Total and HDL Cholesterol and Risk of Stroke. Eurostroke
Background: Controversy remains on the relation between serum lipids levels and stroke risk. This paper investigated the association of total and HDL cholesterol level to fatal and non-fatal, and haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke in four European cohorts participating in EUROSTROKE. Methods: EUROSTROKE is a collaborative project among ongoing European cohort studies on incidence and risk factors of stroke. EUROSTROKE is designed as a nested case-…
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Risk of Fatal and Non-Fatal Stroke. Eurostroke
Background: This study investigated the association between electrocardiographically assessed left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and fatal, non-fatal, haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke in four European cohorts participating in EUROSTROKE. Methods: EUROSTROKE is a collaborative project among ongoing European cohort studies to investigate differences in incidence of, and risk factors for, stroke between countries. EUROSTROKE is designed as a nested…
Prediction of Stroke in the General Population in Europe (Eurostroke)
Background: To decide whether a person with certain characteristics should be given any kind of intervention to prevent a cardiovascular event, it would be helpful to classify subjects in low, medium and high risk categories. The study evaluated which well known cerebrovascular and cardiovascular correlates, in particular fibrinogen level and ECG characteristics, are able to predict the occurrence of stroke in men of the general population using …
The first, worst, and most successful clinical trial of Archie Cochrane
Archie Cochrane will be remembered for many things, but perhaps more than anything for his enthusiastic promotion of the randomised controlled trial in clinical research, and for his call for periodic overviews of such trials. Yet Archie himself never conducted a randomised controlled trial
Milk, coronary disease and mortality
Milk has long been under suspicion as an important factor in coronary heart disease because of its relatively high content of saturated fat and numerous people and expert groups have spoken and written in condemnation of milk and have recommended that only skimmed or semiskimmed milk is drunk—even by children. Many mechanisms have however been appealed to in attempts to explain the supposed harm of milk. Thus it has been argued that its high calc…
Blood pressure reactions to the cold pressor test and the prediction of ischaemic heart disease
Introduction Exposure to poor environmental conditions has been associated with deterioration of physical and mental health, and with reduction of cognitive performance. Environmental conditions may also influence cognitive development of children, but epidemiological evidence is scant. In developed countries, children spend 930 hours per year in a classroom, second only to time spent in their bedroom. Using continuous sensing technology, we inve…
Lead in petrol and levels of lead in blood
Two aspects of the recent controversy about the health consequences of lead in petrol are considered. Firstly, the evidence is shown to be deficient, largely because the basic epidemiological principles of representative sampling, realistic measurement, and control of confounding variables were not followed so that valid conclusions cannot be drawn from most of the published studies. Secondly, the role of science appeared to be comprised by confu…
Tuberculosis in a Common Lodging House
In most European countries tuberculosis mortality has been decreasing during the last few decades, but this decrease has not been uniformly experienced by all age and sex groups (Clarke, 1952; Cheeseman, 1952). Generally, old men as a group have benefited least and this contention is supported in some countries by the trends of notification rates (Cheese
Distribution of Haemoglobin Level in a Group of School Children and its Relation to Height, Weight, and Other Variables
It is generally accepted that differences in the mean haemoglobin level in the two sexes become apparent after puberty, and this is thought to be due mainly to a gradual rise in the mean level in boys, which continues until about the age of 16 or 17 years (Sunderman, MacFate, MacFayden, Stevenson, and Copeland, 1953). However, in addition to age and (after puberty) to sex, many other factors are likely to be associated with haemoglobin level. The…
Distribution of Haemoglobin Level, Packed Cell Volume, and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration in Women in the Community
The definition of anaemia in most published work appears to depend upon the demonstration of either a haemoglobin level or a mean corpuscular haemo- globin concentration estimation, or both, below levels chosen in a largely arbitrary fashion with little reference to the distributions of these variates in the population. Pryce (1960) stressed that "normal" haematolo- gical values derived from series of selected subjects were likely to be misleadin…
Effect of oral iron therapy on the symptoms of anaemia
Symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia. A community survey
Community study of menstrual iron loss and its association with iron deficiency anaemia
Although anaemia, as conventionally defined, appears to be common in Great Britain (Kilpatrick, 1961; Elwood, 1964), little is known about the factors which are likely to cause a negative iron balance and eventually lead to iron deficiency anaemia. The main loss of iron from the body in females is by menstruation, but the relative impor tance of menstrual loss and dietary intake of iron in the determination of the level of circulating haemoglobin…
Blood clotting and fibrinolysis in areas with different water supplies
A sample of venous blood was taken from each subject. Some of this (5 ml) was mixed with fresh 3*8% sodium citrate, 9 : 1 volumes blood to citrate, spun immediately at 3,000 r.p.m. for 10 minutes in a MSE centrifuge and the plasma was separated and deep frozen immediately. Two millilitres of blood were mixed with 20ul of Trasylol and allowed to clot overnight, and then the serum was separated and deep frozen
A randomized controlled trial of vitamin C in the prevention and amelioration of the common cold
A randomized controlled trial of the effect of 1 g ascorbic acid per day in the prevention of the common cold was conducted on 688 adult women. There is evidence of a small reduction by vitamin C in the mean number of chest colds, but no evidence of any effect on simple colds. The existence of a subgroup of vulnerable women in the community who benefit from vitamin C was considered but further examination of the data gives no support to this conc…
Trace elements in water and congenital malformations of the central nervous system in South Wales
The concentrations of 20 trace elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry on representative samples of tap-water collected from 48 local authority areas in South Wales. The associations between twelve trace elements and central nervous system (CNS) malformation rates for the 48 areas were examined. Significant correlations for four trace elements were observed. Of these, Al was positively correlated while for the remaining th…
Mortality and the concentration of elements in tap water in county boroughs in England and Wales
To explain the associations of water hardness and air temperature with area differences in ischaemic heart disease mortality, samples of tap water were obtained from homes in 61 county boroughs in England and Wales, and the concentration of calcium and 12 other elements was estimated. Multiple regressions were calculated with the death rates from various causes as dependent variables and with the concentration of the elements in the tap water, me…
The hazard of old lead mines in Wales
Two population surveys were conducted near old lead workings in Wales. The first, at Y Fan in the middle of Wales, gave evidence suggestive of a gradient in blood lead level, highest in subjects resident close to the contaminated spoil heaps, and lowest in those who lived in farms some distance away. However, the gradient was significant (P less than 0.05) only in males, and all but one of the blood lead levels were below 2.0 mumol/l. In the seco…
Neural tube malformations and trace elements in water
A retrospective case-control study was conducted to test the hypothesis that there is an association between the trace element content of domestic tap water and neural tube malformations in infants. Of 11 elements examined a notable difference was found only for zinc, this being lower in the cases than in the controls. This difference, however, was small and when allowance is made for the total number of statistical comparisons it is compatible w…
A randomised controlled trial of the effect of the provision of free school milk on the growth of children
A randomised controlled study was carried out of the effect on growth of the provision of free milk supplements to schoolchildren aged 7 and 8. In selecting children for this study, the aim was to identify those whose socioeconomic circumstances might place them at a disadvantage for growth. Five hundred and eighty-one-children were selected from schools where a high proportion of the pupils received free school meals, and from families with four…
Drug prescribing by GPs in Wales and in England
There is a large excess in prescribing costs by GPs in Wales compared with England. This excess amounts to about 30%, equivalent at present to over pounds 11 m a year. The pattern of drug prescribing by GPs and of patient consultation was studied in random samples of electors in Cardiff and Bristol. Overall, more subjects in Cardiff had received prescriptions, and the average number of scripts for each person was higher than in England in the sam…
Summary of papers presented at the meeting of the Society for Social Medicine in Cambridge, September 1980
The negative association between IHD mortality and water hardness is well known. Other studies have suggested that myocardial magnesium is lower in IHD than in non-IHD deaths and that it may be related to water hardness. Pathologists in 30 county boroughs in England and Wales were asked to take a one-centimetre cube of myocardium from 60 consecutive male necropsies
Chest pain in women
The London School of Hygiene cardiovascular questionnaire was administered by interviewers in a community survey of 1428 women aged 45-74 living in the Rhondda Fach in south Wales. The results were analysed after a 12 year follow up for mortality. The prevalence of angina was similar to that of a Swiss population, where the method of administration of the questionnaire was similar. The risk of dying associated with angina was some 50% higher than…
Lead in petrol and levels of lead in blood
Two aspects of the recent controversy about the health consequences of lead in petrol are considered. Firstly, the evidence is shown to be deficient, largely because the basic epidemiological principles of representative sampling, realistic measurement, and control of confounding variables were not followed so that valid conclusions cannot be drawn from most of the published studies. Secondly, the role of science appeared to be comprised by confu…
Vegetable consumption and blood lead concentrations
Women resident in an area heavily contaminated by spoil from old lead mining have blood lead concentrations that are about 50% higher (p less than 0.001) than those of women living in a "control" area some distance away. Blood lead concentrations were related to the consumption of home grown produce. Those with the highest consumptions had blood lead concentrations that were 28% higher (p less than 0.001) than those of women who consumed no local…
Lead levels on traffic-less islands
Surveys were conducted on three traffic-less islands: Tory and Aran, off the coast of Ireland, and Sark, one of the Channel Islands off the coast of France. Identical methods were used in surveys in three other areas, all of which have heavy gasoline driven traffic. These were Jersey, another of the Channel Islands, Ebbw Vale--a mixed industrial area, and Cardiff--the capital city of Wales. Environmental lead levels were very low in two of the tr…
Further evidence of a fall in blood lead levels in Wales
Random samples of residents in North Wales, some of whom had been seen in 1976 and others in 1981, were seen again in 1984. Blood lead estimations indicated that there had been a fall of about 5% per year. This is similar to the fall we estimated from two previous studies in Wales and is comparable to changes described in the USA and New Zealand
Growth of children from 0–5 years
A cohort of 1163 pregnant women in two small towns in South Wales, UK, was identified and followed until the children born to them were five years of age. Growth in these children is described and a number of determinants identified. Social-class differences were very small at birth but differences in height became clear by the age of two years and in head circumference before this. In height the differences were largely accounted for by greater …
The lead debate
excellent, of selected studies and topics in melanoma epidemiology.It does not, however, give comprehensive coverage of the subject
Blood Pressure Reactions to Cold Pressor and the Prediction of Ischaemic Heart Disease
Carroll, D.; Smith, G. Davey; Willemsen, G.; Sheffield, D.; Sweetnam, P.M.; Gallacher, J.J.E.; Elwood, P.C. Author Information
Blood pressure reactions to the cold pressor test and the prediction of ischaemic heart disease
Introduction Exposure to poor environmental conditions has been associated with deterioration of physical and mental health, and with reduction of cognitive performance. Environmental conditions may also influence cognitive development of children, but epidemiological evidence is scant. In developed countries, children spend 930 hours per year in a classroom, second only to time spent in their bedroom. Using continuous sensing technology, we inve…
Anger and Incident Heart Disease in the Caerphilly Study
OBJECTIVE: The idea that anger may predict ischemic heart disease (IHD) is more than 30 years old. Some, but not all, prospective studies have supported this suggestion. Attention has focused on hostility as the critical component of anger for IHD risk. This idea is explored using prospective data from the Caerphilly study. METHODS: A sample of 2890 men aged 49 to 65 years living in and around Caerphilly, South Wales, was identified. Anger was as…
Medicine (42 works) · Internal Medicine (31 works) · Internal Medicine (29 works) · Demography (15 works) · Environmental health (15 works) · Cohort (13 works) · Cohort study (12 works) · Pediatrics (12 works) · Pediatrics (10 works) · Cardiology (9 works)