Christine M McDonald
Biographic Data
| ID | 5467884 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Christine M McDonald |
| GIVEN NAMES | Christine M |
| FAMILY NAME | McDonald |
| SIGNATURE | MCDONALD C M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California, San Francisco |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1231-9003 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 14 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 14 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1995 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
Identifying priority countries for scaling up small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements
INTRODUCTION: Undernutrition is a cause of nearly half of all deaths among children under 5 years old. Small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) have been shown to prevent child wasting, stunting, anaemia and mortality among children 6-23 months of age in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Scaling up effective preventive interventions is urgent given the current global food insecurity and nutrition crisis. METHOD: To priorit…
Predictors of Anaemia Among Young Children Receiving Daily Micronutrient Powders (MNPs) for 24 Weeks in Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, anaemia is estimated to affect 52% of children 6-59 months, with the youngest children (6-23 months) experiencing the highest levels of anaemia (71%). Micronutrient powders (MNPs) are designed to increase micronutrient intake in young children; however, in some settings, the prevalence of anaemia may remain elevated despite the high coverage of MNPs. In a secondary analysis of the Zinc in Powders trial (ZiPT), we identified risk fa…
Serum Folate Concentration Corresponding to the Red Blood Cell Folate Threshold for Increased Risk of Neural Tube Defects Among Ethiopian Women of Reproductive Age
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe birth defects linked to insufficient maternal folate status during early pregnancy. Red blood cell (RBC) folate concentration is the recommended biomarker for predicting NTD risk, with a threshold of 748 nmol/L using the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) microbiological assay. However, in large surveys, serum folate concentration is often measured instead of RBC folate. This study aimed to (…
Assessment of Women's Discretionary Salt Intake and Household Salt Utilization in Preparation for a Salt Fortification Trial in Oromia Region, Ethiopia
There is a high incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in Ethiopia and folate insufficiency, a primary risk factor for NTDs, is common among Ethiopian women of reproductive age (WRA). Folic acid fortification of salt has been proposed as a strategy to control these problems. In preparation for an intervention trial to assess the nutritional effects of folic acid-fortified salt, we measured discretionary salt intakes among nonpregnant WRA using o…
Estimating the cost and cost‐effectiveness of adding zinc to, and improving the performance of, Burkina Faso's mandatory wheat flour fortification programme
Zinc is an essential micronutrient that promotes normal growth, development and immune function. In the context of persistent dietary zinc inadequacies, large-scale food fortification can help fill the gap between intake and requirements. Burkina Faso mandates wheat flour fortification with iron and folic acid. We used activity-based cost modelling to estimate the cost of adding zinc to the country's wheat flour fortification standard assuming (1…
Prognostic value of different anthropometric indices over different measurement intervals to predict mortality in 6–59-month-old children
Objective: To compare the prognostic value of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), weight-for-height Z -score (WHZ) and weight-for-age Z -score (WAZ) for predicting death over periods of 1, 3 and 6 months follow-up in children. Design: Pooled analysis of twelve prospective studies examining survival after anthropometric assessment. Sensitivity and false-positive ratios to predict death within 1, 3 and 6 months were compared for three individual an…
Anthropometric criteria for best-identifying children at high risk of mortality
Objective: To understand which anthropometric diagnostic criteria best discriminate higher from lower risk of death in children and explore programme implications. Design: A multiple cohort individual data meta-analysis of mortality risk (within 6 months of measurement) by anthropometric case definitions. Sensitivity, specificity, informedness and inclusivity in predicting mortality, face validity and compatibility with current standards and prac…
Micronutrient deficiencies among preschool-aged children and women of reproductive age worldwide
BACKGROUND: Micronutrient deficiencies compromise immune systems, hinder child growth and development, and affect human potential worldwide. Yet, to our knowledge, the only existing estimate of the global prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies is from over 30 years ago and is based only on the prevalence of anaemia. We aimed to estimate the global and regional prevalence of deficiency in at least one of three micronutrients among preschool-aged…
From evidence to national scale
Micronutrient powders (MNP) are an efficacious intervention in terms of reducing anaemia among young children, yet challenges remain regarding implementation at scale. Research that can guide effective implementation of nutrition interventions and facilitate integration into existing health care platforms is needed. This paper seeks to advance the implementation science knowledge base by presenting our multiphased strategy and findings for scalin…
The effect of daily zinc and/or multivitamin supplements on early childhood development in Tanzania
Impaired childhood development has lifelong consequences for educational attainment and wage-earning potential. Micronutrient supplements have the potential to improve development. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of daily zinc and/or multivitamin (vitamins C, E and B-complex) supplements on development among Tanzanian infants. In this randomized, 2 × 2 factorial, double-blind trial, 2400 infants were randomized to zinc (Zn…
Estimating the cost of delivering direct nutrition interventions at scale
India's national nutrition and health programmes are largely designed to provide evidence-based nutrition-specific interventions, but intervention coverage is low due to a combination of implementation challenges, capacity and financing gaps. Global cost estimates for nutrition are available but national and subnational costs are not. We estimated national and subnational costs of delivering recommended nutrition-specific interventions using the …
The effect of multiple anthropometric deficits on child mortality
Associations of Suboptimal Growth with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Children under Five Years
BACKGROUND: Child undernutrition affects millions of children globally. We investigated associations between suboptimal growth and mortality by pooling large studies. METHODS: Pooled analysis involving children 1 week to 59 months old in 10 prospective studies in Africa, Asia and South America. Utilizing most recent measurements, we calculated weight-for-age, height/length-for-age and weight-for-height/length Z scores, applying 2006 WHO Standards…
The availability of cigarettes to minors in Perth, Western Australia
National Centre for Research into the Prevention of Drug Abuse, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6001 S Carruthers C McDonald Abstract Objective -To assess the availability of cigarettes to minors ( < 18 years of age) and to compare the results with retailers' knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported behaviour with respect to the 1990 West Australian (WA) Tobacco Control Act. Design Two adolescents with an appar ent age of…
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The availability of cigarettes to minors in Perth, Western Australia
National Centre for Research into the Prevention of Drug Abuse, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6001 S Carruthers C McDonald Abstract Objective -To assess the availability of cigarettes to minors ( < 18 years of age) and to compare the results with retailers' knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported behaviour with respect to the 1990 West Australian (WA) Tobacco Control Act. Design Two adolescents with an appar ent age of…
The effect of multiple anthropometric deficits on child mortality
Associations of Suboptimal Growth with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Children under Five Years
BACKGROUND: Child undernutrition affects millions of children globally. We investigated associations between suboptimal growth and mortality by pooling large studies. METHODS: Pooled analysis involving children 1 week to 59 months old in 10 prospective studies in Africa, Asia and South America. Utilizing most recent measurements, we calculated weight-for-age, height/length-for-age and weight-for-height/length Z scores, applying 2006 WHO Standards…
The effect of daily zinc and/or multivitamin supplements on early childhood development in Tanzania
Impaired childhood development has lifelong consequences for educational attainment and wage-earning potential. Micronutrient supplements have the potential to improve development. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of daily zinc and/or multivitamin (vitamins C, E and B-complex) supplements on development among Tanzanian infants. In this randomized, 2 × 2 factorial, double-blind trial, 2400 infants were randomized to zinc (Zn…
Estimating the cost of delivering direct nutrition interventions at scale
India's national nutrition and health programmes are largely designed to provide evidence-based nutrition-specific interventions, but intervention coverage is low due to a combination of implementation challenges, capacity and financing gaps. Global cost estimates for nutrition are available but national and subnational costs are not. We estimated national and subnational costs of delivering recommended nutrition-specific interventions using the …
From evidence to national scale
Micronutrient powders (MNP) are an efficacious intervention in terms of reducing anaemia among young children, yet challenges remain regarding implementation at scale. Research that can guide effective implementation of nutrition interventions and facilitate integration into existing health care platforms is needed. This paper seeks to advance the implementation science knowledge base by presenting our multiphased strategy and findings for scalin…
Micronutrient deficiencies among preschool-aged children and women of reproductive age worldwide
BACKGROUND: Micronutrient deficiencies compromise immune systems, hinder child growth and development, and affect human potential worldwide. Yet, to our knowledge, the only existing estimate of the global prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies is from over 30 years ago and is based only on the prevalence of anaemia. We aimed to estimate the global and regional prevalence of deficiency in at least one of three micronutrients among preschool-aged…
Estimating the cost and cost‐effectiveness of adding zinc to, and improving the performance of, Burkina Faso's mandatory wheat flour fortification programme
Zinc is an essential micronutrient that promotes normal growth, development and immune function. In the context of persistent dietary zinc inadequacies, large-scale food fortification can help fill the gap between intake and requirements. Burkina Faso mandates wheat flour fortification with iron and folic acid. We used activity-based cost modelling to estimate the cost of adding zinc to the country's wheat flour fortification standard assuming (1…
Prognostic value of different anthropometric indices over different measurement intervals to predict mortality in 6–59-month-old children
Objective: To compare the prognostic value of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), weight-for-height Z -score (WHZ) and weight-for-age Z -score (WAZ) for predicting death over periods of 1, 3 and 6 months follow-up in children. Design: Pooled analysis of twelve prospective studies examining survival after anthropometric assessment. Sensitivity and false-positive ratios to predict death within 1, 3 and 6 months were compared for three individual an…
Anthropometric criteria for best-identifying children at high risk of mortality
Objective: To understand which anthropometric diagnostic criteria best discriminate higher from lower risk of death in children and explore programme implications. Design: A multiple cohort individual data meta-analysis of mortality risk (within 6 months of measurement) by anthropometric case definitions. Sensitivity, specificity, informedness and inclusivity in predicting mortality, face validity and compatibility with current standards and prac…
Assessment of Women's Discretionary Salt Intake and Household Salt Utilization in Preparation for a Salt Fortification Trial in Oromia Region, Ethiopia
There is a high incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in Ethiopia and folate insufficiency, a primary risk factor for NTDs, is common among Ethiopian women of reproductive age (WRA). Folic acid fortification of salt has been proposed as a strategy to control these problems. In preparation for an intervention trial to assess the nutritional effects of folic acid-fortified salt, we measured discretionary salt intakes among nonpregnant WRA using o…
Identifying priority countries for scaling up small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements
INTRODUCTION: Undernutrition is a cause of nearly half of all deaths among children under 5 years old. Small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) have been shown to prevent child wasting, stunting, anaemia and mortality among children 6-23 months of age in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Scaling up effective preventive interventions is urgent given the current global food insecurity and nutrition crisis. METHOD: To priorit…
Predictors of Anaemia Among Young Children Receiving Daily Micronutrient Powders (MNPs) for 24 Weeks in Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, anaemia is estimated to affect 52% of children 6-59 months, with the youngest children (6-23 months) experiencing the highest levels of anaemia (71%). Micronutrient powders (MNPs) are designed to increase micronutrient intake in young children; however, in some settings, the prevalence of anaemia may remain elevated despite the high coverage of MNPs. In a secondary analysis of the Zinc in Powders trial (ZiPT), we identified risk fa…
Serum Folate Concentration Corresponding to the Red Blood Cell Folate Threshold for Increased Risk of Neural Tube Defects Among Ethiopian Women of Reproductive Age
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe birth defects linked to insufficient maternal folate status during early pregnancy. Red blood cell (RBC) folate concentration is the recommended biomarker for predicting NTD risk, with a threshold of 748 nmol/L using the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) microbiological assay. However, in large surveys, serum folate concentration is often measured instead of RBC folate. This study aimed to (…
Medicine (11 works) · Child Nutrition and Water Access (10 works) · Environmental health (9 works) · Micronutrient (6 works) · Internal Medicine (5 works) · Iron Metabolism and Disorders (5 works) · Anthropometry (4 works) · Demography (4 works) · Global Maternal and Child Health (4 works) · Body mass index (3 works)