John M Colford
Biographic Data
| ID | 5486371 |
|---|---|
| NAME | John M Colford |
| GIVEN NAMES | John M |
| FAMILY NAME | Colford |
| SIGNATURE | COLFORD J M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Benjamin F. Arnold, Jade Benjamin-Chung, and John M. Colford Jr are with the Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. Kenneth C. Schiff, John F. Griffith, and Stephen B. Weisberg are with the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa. |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 5 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2002 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Associations between weather extremes and faecal contamination along pathogen transmission pathways in rural Bangladeshi households
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, National Institutes of Health, World Bank
Effectiveness of interventions to improve drinking water, sanitation, and handwashing with soap on risk of diarrhoeal disease in children in low-income and middle-income settings
The implications of three major new trials for the effect of water, sanitation and hygiene on childhood diarrhea and stunting
BACKGROUND: Three large new trials of unprecedented scale and cost, which included novel factorial designs, have found no effect of basic water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions on childhood stunting, and only mixed effects on childhood diarrhea. Arriving at the inception of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, and the bold new target of safely managed water, sanitation and hygiene for all by 2030, these results warrant t…
The Wash Benefits and SHINE trials
Child stunting is a global problem and is only modestly responsive to dietary interventions. Numerous observational studies have shown that water quality, sanitation, and handwashing (WASH) in a household are strongly associated with linear growth of children living in the same household. We have completed three randomised efficacy trials testing improved household-level WASH with and without improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) on stun…
Reply to S Rahman and S Ireen
Effects of water quality, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions on diarrhoea and child growth in rural Kenya
Background Poor nutrition and exposure to faecal contamination are associated with diarrhoea and growth faltering, both of which have long-term consequences for child health. We aimed to assess whether water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition interventions reduced diarrhoea or growth faltering. Methods The WASH Benefits cluster-randomised trial enrolled pregnant women from villages in rural Kenya and evaluated outcomes at 1 year and 2 years …
Effects of water quality, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions on diarrhoea and child growth in rural Bangladesh
BACKGROUND: Diarrhoea and growth faltering in early childhood are associated with subsequent adverse outcomes. We aimed to assess whether water quality, sanitation, and handwashing interventions alone or combined with nutrition interventions reduced diarrhoea or growth faltering. METHODS: The WASH Benefits Bangladesh cluster-randomised trial enrolled pregnant women from villages in rural Bangladesh and evaluated outcomes at 1-year and 2-years' fo…
Scaling Up a Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Program in Rural Bangladesh
Objectives. To evaluate whether the quality of implementation of a water, sanitation, and hygiene program called SHEWA-B and delivered by UNICEF to 20 million people in rural Bangladesh was associated with health behaviors and sanitation infrastructure access. Methods. We surveyed 33 027 households targeted by SHEWA-B and 1110 SHEWA-B hygiene promoters in 2011 and 2012. We developed an implementation quality index and compared the probability of …
Arnold et al. Respond
AffiliationsBenjamin F. Arnold, Jade Benjamin-Chung, and John M. Colford Jr are with the Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. Kenneth C. Schiff, John F. Griffith, and Stephen B. Weisberg are with the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa
Acute Gastroenteritis and Recreational Water
Objectives. To provide summary estimates of gastroenteritis risks and illness burden associated with recreational water exposure and determine whether children have higher risks and burden. Methods. We combined individual participant data from 13 prospective cohorts at marine and freshwater beaches throughout the United States (n = 84 411). We measured incident outcomes within 10 days of exposure: diarrhea, gastrointestinal illness, missed daily …
The Effect of India's Total Sanitation Campaign on Defecation Behaviors and Child Health in Rural Madhya Pradesh
BACKGROUND: Poor sanitation is thought to be a major cause of enteric infections among young children. However, there are no previously published randomized trials to measure the health impacts of large-scale sanitation programs. India's Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) is one such program that seeks to end the practice of open defecation by changing social norms and behaviors, and providing technical support and financial subsidies. The objective…
Systematic review
Burden of disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene in low‐ and middle‐income settings
Factors associated with compliance among users of solar water disinfection in rural Bolivia
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00731497
Colford Et Al. Respond
In his letter, Hunter raises interesting issues: treatment-period interaction and carry-over effects in an AB–BA crossover trial.1 The treatment effect (active versus sham water filtration devices), stratified by sequence, suggests interaction: sequence active–sham (relative risk [RR] = 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.48) and sequence sham–active (RR = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.50, 0.74). These estimates, however, are confounded by a strong p…
The Sonoma Water Evaluation Trial
Objectives. We estimated the relative rate of highly credible gastrointestinal illness (HCGI) per year associated with active versus sham household water filtration devices among older adults in a community receiving tap water meeting current US standards. Methods. We conducted a randomized, triple-blinded, crossover trial in 714 households (988 individuals), which used active and sham water filtration devices for 6 months each. We estimated the …
Early prediction of median survival among a large Aids surveillance cohort
The results of this study suggest that early and accurate prediction of median survival time after AIDS diagnosis may be possible using early quantiles of the survival distribution. The methodology did not seem to work well during a period of significant change in survival as observed with highly active antiretroviral treatment, but results suggest that it may work well in a time of more gradual improvement in survival
Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries
Is drinking water a risk factor for endemic cryptosporidiosis? A case-control study in the immunocompetent general population of the San Francisco Bay Area
The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that drinking water is an independent risk factor for cryptosporidiosis among the immunocompetent population. These findings should be used to design larger studies of endemic cryptosporidiosis to elucidate the precise mechanisms of transmission, whether waterborne or other
Chinese Herbal Medicine and Interferon in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B
Objectives. This meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine (either alone or with interferon alfa) in treating chronic hepatitis B. Methods. We searched the TCMLARS, AMED, CISCOM, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Collaboration databases and then hand-searched the articles’ bibliographies. Results. Chinese herbal medicine significantly increased seroreversion of HBsAg and was equivalent to interferon alfa in s…
Acute Gastroenteritis and Recreational Water
Objectives. To provide summary estimates of gastroenteritis risks and illness burden associated with recreational water exposure and determine whether children have higher risks and burden. Methods. We combined individual participant data from 13 prospective cohorts at marine and freshwater beaches throughout the United States (n = 84 411). We measured incident outcomes within 10 days of exposure: diarrhea, gastrointestinal illness, missed daily …
The Sonoma Water Evaluation Trial
Objectives. We estimated the relative rate of highly credible gastrointestinal illness (HCGI) per year associated with active versus sham household water filtration devices among older adults in a community receiving tap water meeting current US standards. Methods. We conducted a randomized, triple-blinded, crossover trial in 714 households (988 individuals), which used active and sham water filtration devices for 6 months each. We estimated the …
Chinese Herbal Medicine and Interferon in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B
Objectives. This meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine (either alone or with interferon alfa) in treating chronic hepatitis B. Methods. We searched the TCMLARS, AMED, CISCOM, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Collaboration databases and then hand-searched the articles’ bibliographies. Results. Chinese herbal medicine significantly increased seroreversion of HBsAg and was equivalent to interferon alfa in s…
Is drinking water a risk factor for endemic cryptosporidiosis? A case-control study in the immunocompetent general population of the San Francisco Bay Area
The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that drinking water is an independent risk factor for cryptosporidiosis among the immunocompetent population. These findings should be used to design larger studies of endemic cryptosporidiosis to elucidate the precise mechanisms of transmission, whether waterborne or other
Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries
Early prediction of median survival among a large Aids surveillance cohort
The results of this study suggest that early and accurate prediction of median survival time after AIDS diagnosis may be possible using early quantiles of the survival distribution. The methodology did not seem to work well during a period of significant change in survival as observed with highly active antiretroviral treatment, but results suggest that it may work well in a time of more gradual improvement in survival
The Sonoma Water Evaluation Trial
Objectives. We estimated the relative rate of highly credible gastrointestinal illness (HCGI) per year associated with active versus sham household water filtration devices among older adults in a community receiving tap water meeting current US standards. Methods. We conducted a randomized, triple-blinded, crossover trial in 714 households (988 individuals), which used active and sham water filtration devices for 6 months each. We estimated the …
Colford Et Al. Respond
In his letter, Hunter raises interesting issues: treatment-period interaction and carry-over effects in an AB–BA crossover trial.1 The treatment effect (active versus sham water filtration devices), stratified by sequence, suggests interaction: sequence active–sham (relative risk [RR] = 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.48) and sequence sham–active (RR = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.50, 0.74). These estimates, however, are confounded by a strong p…
Factors associated with compliance among users of solar water disinfection in rural Bolivia
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00731497
The Effect of India's Total Sanitation Campaign on Defecation Behaviors and Child Health in Rural Madhya Pradesh
BACKGROUND: Poor sanitation is thought to be a major cause of enteric infections among young children. However, there are no previously published randomized trials to measure the health impacts of large-scale sanitation programs. India's Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) is one such program that seeks to end the practice of open defecation by changing social norms and behaviors, and providing technical support and financial subsidies. The objective…
Systematic review
Burden of disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene in low‐ and middle‐income settings
Acute Gastroenteritis and Recreational Water
Objectives. To provide summary estimates of gastroenteritis risks and illness burden associated with recreational water exposure and determine whether children have higher risks and burden. Methods. We combined individual participant data from 13 prospective cohorts at marine and freshwater beaches throughout the United States (n = 84 411). We measured incident outcomes within 10 days of exposure: diarrhea, gastrointestinal illness, missed daily …
Scaling Up a Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Program in Rural Bangladesh
Objectives. To evaluate whether the quality of implementation of a water, sanitation, and hygiene program called SHEWA-B and delivered by UNICEF to 20 million people in rural Bangladesh was associated with health behaviors and sanitation infrastructure access. Methods. We surveyed 33 027 households targeted by SHEWA-B and 1110 SHEWA-B hygiene promoters in 2011 and 2012. We developed an implementation quality index and compared the probability of …
Arnold et al. Respond
AffiliationsBenjamin F. Arnold, Jade Benjamin-Chung, and John M. Colford Jr are with the Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. Kenneth C. Schiff, John F. Griffith, and Stephen B. Weisberg are with the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa
Effects of water quality, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions on diarrhoea and child growth in rural Kenya
Background Poor nutrition and exposure to faecal contamination are associated with diarrhoea and growth faltering, both of which have long-term consequences for child health. We aimed to assess whether water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition interventions reduced diarrhoea or growth faltering. Methods The WASH Benefits cluster-randomised trial enrolled pregnant women from villages in rural Kenya and evaluated outcomes at 1 year and 2 years …
Effects of water quality, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions on diarrhoea and child growth in rural Bangladesh
BACKGROUND: Diarrhoea and growth faltering in early childhood are associated with subsequent adverse outcomes. We aimed to assess whether water quality, sanitation, and handwashing interventions alone or combined with nutrition interventions reduced diarrhoea or growth faltering. METHODS: The WASH Benefits Bangladesh cluster-randomised trial enrolled pregnant women from villages in rural Bangladesh and evaluated outcomes at 1-year and 2-years' fo…
The implications of three major new trials for the effect of water, sanitation and hygiene on childhood diarrhea and stunting
BACKGROUND: Three large new trials of unprecedented scale and cost, which included novel factorial designs, have found no effect of basic water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions on childhood stunting, and only mixed effects on childhood diarrhea. Arriving at the inception of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, and the bold new target of safely managed water, sanitation and hygiene for all by 2030, these results warrant t…
The Wash Benefits and SHINE trials
Child stunting is a global problem and is only modestly responsive to dietary interventions. Numerous observational studies have shown that water quality, sanitation, and handwashing (WASH) in a household are strongly associated with linear growth of children living in the same household. We have completed three randomised efficacy trials testing improved household-level WASH with and without improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) on stun…
Reply to S Rahman and S Ireen
Effectiveness of interventions to improve drinking water, sanitation, and handwashing with soap on risk of diarrhoeal disease in children in low-income and middle-income settings
Associations between weather extremes and faecal contamination along pathogen transmission pathways in rural Bangladeshi households
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, National Institutes of Health, World Bank
Medicine (15 works) · Child Nutrition and Water Access (12 works) · Environmental health (12 works) · Sanitation (8 works) · Hygiene (7 works) · Global Maternal and Child Health (6 works) · Internal Medicine (6 works) · Demography (5 works) · Internal Medicine (5 works) · Pediatrics (4 works)