K W Cross
Biographic Data
| ID | 5545643 |
|---|---|
| NAME | K W Cross |
| GIVEN NAMES | K W |
| FAMILY NAME | Cross |
| SIGNATURE | CROSS K W |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Birmingham |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 23 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 5 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 23 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1948 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1999 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Relation between high temperature and mortality
Concurrence of monthly variations of mortality related to underlying cause in Europe
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The study aimed to examine the concurrence in the variation of monthly numbers of deaths in summer and winter from the four main underlying causes - respiratory, circulatory, neoplastic, and all others - in four countries. In particular, the hypothesis that most non-respiratory concurrent deaths are miscoded respiratory deaths and that a large proportion of the winter mortality currently attributed to circulatory disorders should…
The problem of diagnostic variability in general practice
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to examine the scale, source, and relevance of variation between general practices in respect of the rates with which patients consulted with illnesses falling in each of several diagnostic groups. DESIGN--This study involved a general practice morbidity survey conducted over two years, 1970-72. All patients who consulted their general practitioners were identified and the number of these who consulted with diagnoses …
Disease concurrence in diabetes mellitus
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to examine disease concurrence, using diabetes mellitus as an ullustrative example. DESIGN--The study involved a general practice morbidity survey, conducted over 12 months in 1981-82. All patients who consulted their general practitioners with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2) were identified and the number of these who consulted with additional morbidities were counted for each rubric of the Royal …
A preliminary study of excess mortality using a psychiatric case register
Systematic screening of death certificates referable to residents of two health districts covered by a psychiatric case register allows the study of excess mortality in unselected psychiatric patients from a defined area of known population. Deaths among the case register patients exceeded those expected by 80%; the relative risk was maximal during the first year after registration and was significantly raised in both sexes and in patients of all…
Executive Council lists and general practitioner files
An investigation of the accuracy of general practitioner and Executive Council files was approached by a comparison of the two. High error rates were found, including both file errors and record errors. On analysis it emerged that file error rates could not be satisfactorily expressed except in a time-dimensioned way, and we were unable to do this within the context of our study. Record error rates and field error rates were expressible as propor…
Factors affecting the visiting pattern of geriatric patients in a rural area
For a period of one week, all visitors to Shropshire patients in geriatric units were interrogated about the method, duration, and starting point of their journey to hospital. These data, together with those of the patients, were used to examine the extent to which the duration of hospital stay, and the `crow-fly9 distances of patients9 and visitors9 homes from the hospitals, affected visiting rates. The pronounced effect of the first factor unde…
Patient visiting and the siting of hospitals in rural areas
The National Health Service number
Successful record linkage is dependent upon adequate identification of individuals. Acheson (1967) has stated the five fundamental criteria that should be fulfilled by an identification system: it should provide unique, permanent identification of each member of the population; it should be available on each of any pair of records to be linked, and it should be economical, i.e., it should consist of no more characters of information than necessar…
Psychiatric day-care--the new chronic population
Psychiatric day-care in Birmingham
The first psychiatric day-hospital in the United Kingdom was established in 1946 through the initia- tive of Bierer. This innovation was received with some scepticism (Bierer, 1955) and five years passed before a second day-hospital was created. Interest gradually increased, and by 1959 there were at least 38 psychiatric day-hospitals In the early sixties the movement received an impetus from the drive to reduce the number of in-patient beds in m…
An automated records system for general practice
The general practitioner through his contract with the local Executive Council is responsible for the medical care of a named group of people. Additionally he may from time to time accept responsibility for temporary residents. The average general practitioner has 2,500 to 3,000 patients on his list, and any one of these may consult him at any time. Thus in any general practitioner records system it is necessary to maintain an 'active file' of re…
The dynamics of a long-stay mental hospital population
The census of all patients in psychiatric hospitals and units in England and Wales (Brooke, 1967) showed that the rundown of this inpatient popu lation, as forecast by Tooth and Brooke (1961), was being maintained in 1963. Since then other studies (Lancet leading article, 1969) have confirmed this continuing trend, although the rate of decline obviously varies from area to area. In the Birming ham Region, for example, the number of patients in re…
Responsibilities of hospitals and local authorities for elderly patients
For some time it has been evident that a large number of elderly patients are in the wrong place. Some who need hospital care remain at home or in welfare homes; there are others in acute hospitals who no longer need investigation or treatment of acute illness; still others are in geriatric units only because they have no home or welfare home to which they can be discharged. The position is further complicated bythemaldistribution ofpatients betw…
The Relationship of Hospital and Domiciliary Care
Domiciliary services are responsible for a relatively large share of medical care compared with the hospitals. To improve our system of medical care it is essential to know as much as possible about the quantity and quality of illness treated in general practice. We can then decide what further services are needed and who should run them
Respiratory Tuberculosis in the Birmingham Region
With the introduction of the National Health Service in Great Britain in 1948, the Birmingham Regional Hospital Board was formed with respons ibility for diagnostic and treatment services for a population of almost four and a half million distrib uted over five administrative counties and ten county boroughs in the West Midland area of England. With regard to tuberculosis, the Regional Hospital Board became responsible for specialist and hospital…
The Contribution of the Nurse in General Practice
In general it seems to be taken for granted that general practitioner services will continue to be based on individual doctor-patient relationships with no intervening third party. This pattern is not followed in some other medical services, for example at Child Welfare clinics, and in Industrial and School Health Services, where the presence of a nurse as an intermediary between doctor and patient is accepted without question. Nor is it invariab…
The Use of a General Practitioner's Time
In his presidential address to the Royal Statistical Society in 1951, Professor Bradford Hill gave details of a survey of the day's work of a doctor, based on records kept by doctors during the 12 months which ended July 1, 1939. The two main indices were attendances of patients at the doctor's surgery and visits by the doctor to insured patients, and varia tions were examined by day, week, and month. The same indices have also been used in surve…
A Survey of Mental Hospitals and Mental Deficiency Institutions in the Birmingham Region
The problem of providing adequate care and treatment for patients suffering from mental disorder has become more acute in recent years for many reasons, not least amongst them being the increased numbers and longevity of the population in conjunction with their greater willingness to seek early advice and treatment. As a result, mental hospitals are faced with the dilemma of increasing their admission rates and at the same time continuing to look…
The Design of Records for Field Work
A Survey of Mental Hospitals and Mental Deficiency Institutions in the Birmingham Region
Survey of Entrants to Nurse Training Schools and of Student-Nurse Wastage in the Birmingham Region
The Statistical Specificity of a Code Personnel Cypher Sequence
The problem of diagnostic variability in general practice
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to examine the scale, source, and relevance of variation between general practices in respect of the rates with which patients consulted with illnesses falling in each of several diagnostic groups. DESIGN--This study involved a general practice morbidity survey conducted over two years, 1970-72. All patients who consulted their general practitioners were identified and the number of these who consulted with diagnoses …
Concurrence of monthly variations of mortality related to underlying cause in Europe
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The study aimed to examine the concurrence in the variation of monthly numbers of deaths in summer and winter from the four main underlying causes - respiratory, circulatory, neoplastic, and all others - in four countries. In particular, the hypothesis that most non-respiratory concurrent deaths are miscoded respiratory deaths and that a large proportion of the winter mortality currently attributed to circulatory disorders should…
The Statistical Specificity of a Code Personnel Cypher Sequence
A Survey of Mental Hospitals and Mental Deficiency Institutions in the Birmingham Region
The problem of providing adequate care and treatment for patients suffering from mental disorder has become more acute in recent years for many reasons, not least amongst them being the increased numbers and longevity of the population in conjunction with their greater willingness to seek early advice and treatment. As a result, mental hospitals are faced with the dilemma of increasing their admission rates and at the same time continuing to look…
The Design of Records for Field Work
A Survey of Mental Hospitals and Mental Deficiency Institutions in the Birmingham Region
Survey of Entrants to Nurse Training Schools and of Student-Nurse Wastage in the Birmingham Region
The Use of a General Practitioner's Time
In his presidential address to the Royal Statistical Society in 1951, Professor Bradford Hill gave details of a survey of the day's work of a doctor, based on records kept by doctors during the 12 months which ended July 1, 1939. The two main indices were attendances of patients at the doctor's surgery and visits by the doctor to insured patients, and varia tions were examined by day, week, and month. The same indices have also been used in surve…
The Contribution of the Nurse in General Practice
In general it seems to be taken for granted that general practitioner services will continue to be based on individual doctor-patient relationships with no intervening third party. This pattern is not followed in some other medical services, for example at Child Welfare clinics, and in Industrial and School Health Services, where the presence of a nurse as an intermediary between doctor and patient is accepted without question. Nor is it invariab…
Respiratory Tuberculosis in the Birmingham Region
With the introduction of the National Health Service in Great Britain in 1948, the Birmingham Regional Hospital Board was formed with respons ibility for diagnostic and treatment services for a population of almost four and a half million distrib uted over five administrative counties and ten county boroughs in the West Midland area of England. With regard to tuberculosis, the Regional Hospital Board became responsible for specialist and hospital…
The Relationship of Hospital and Domiciliary Care
Domiciliary services are responsible for a relatively large share of medical care compared with the hospitals. To improve our system of medical care it is essential to know as much as possible about the quantity and quality of illness treated in general practice. We can then decide what further services are needed and who should run them
Responsibilities of hospitals and local authorities for elderly patients
For some time it has been evident that a large number of elderly patients are in the wrong place. Some who need hospital care remain at home or in welfare homes; there are others in acute hospitals who no longer need investigation or treatment of acute illness; still others are in geriatric units only because they have no home or welfare home to which they can be discharged. The position is further complicated bythemaldistribution ofpatients betw…
The dynamics of a long-stay mental hospital population
The census of all patients in psychiatric hospitals and units in England and Wales (Brooke, 1967) showed that the rundown of this inpatient popu lation, as forecast by Tooth and Brooke (1961), was being maintained in 1963. Since then other studies (Lancet leading article, 1969) have confirmed this continuing trend, although the rate of decline obviously varies from area to area. In the Birming ham Region, for example, the number of patients in re…
Psychiatric day-care--the new chronic population
Psychiatric day-care in Birmingham
The first psychiatric day-hospital in the United Kingdom was established in 1946 through the initia- tive of Bierer. This innovation was received with some scepticism (Bierer, 1955) and five years passed before a second day-hospital was created. Interest gradually increased, and by 1959 there were at least 38 psychiatric day-hospitals In the early sixties the movement received an impetus from the drive to reduce the number of in-patient beds in m…
An automated records system for general practice
The general practitioner through his contract with the local Executive Council is responsible for the medical care of a named group of people. Additionally he may from time to time accept responsibility for temporary residents. The average general practitioner has 2,500 to 3,000 patients on his list, and any one of these may consult him at any time. Thus in any general practitioner records system it is necessary to maintain an 'active file' of re…
The National Health Service number
Successful record linkage is dependent upon adequate identification of individuals. Acheson (1967) has stated the five fundamental criteria that should be fulfilled by an identification system: it should provide unique, permanent identification of each member of the population; it should be available on each of any pair of records to be linked, and it should be economical, i.e., it should consist of no more characters of information than necessar…
Executive Council lists and general practitioner files
An investigation of the accuracy of general practitioner and Executive Council files was approached by a comparison of the two. High error rates were found, including both file errors and record errors. On analysis it emerged that file error rates could not be satisfactorily expressed except in a time-dimensioned way, and we were unable to do this within the context of our study. Record error rates and field error rates were expressible as propor…
Factors affecting the visiting pattern of geriatric patients in a rural area
For a period of one week, all visitors to Shropshire patients in geriatric units were interrogated about the method, duration, and starting point of their journey to hospital. These data, together with those of the patients, were used to examine the extent to which the duration of hospital stay, and the `crow-fly9 distances of patients9 and visitors9 homes from the hospitals, affected visiting rates. The pronounced effect of the first factor unde…
Patient visiting and the siting of hospitals in rural areas
A preliminary study of excess mortality using a psychiatric case register
Systematic screening of death certificates referable to residents of two health districts covered by a psychiatric case register allows the study of excess mortality in unselected psychiatric patients from a defined area of known population. Deaths among the case register patients exceeded those expected by 80%; the relative risk was maximal during the first year after registration and was significantly raised in both sexes and in patients of all…
Disease concurrence in diabetes mellitus
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to examine disease concurrence, using diabetes mellitus as an ullustrative example. DESIGN--The study involved a general practice morbidity survey, conducted over 12 months in 1981-82. All patients who consulted their general practitioners with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2) were identified and the number of these who consulted with additional morbidities were counted for each rubric of the Royal …
The problem of diagnostic variability in general practice
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to examine the scale, source, and relevance of variation between general practices in respect of the rates with which patients consulted with illnesses falling in each of several diagnostic groups. DESIGN--This study involved a general practice morbidity survey conducted over two years, 1970-72. All patients who consulted their general practitioners were identified and the number of these who consulted with diagnoses …
Concurrence of monthly variations of mortality related to underlying cause in Europe
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The study aimed to examine the concurrence in the variation of monthly numbers of deaths in summer and winter from the four main underlying causes - respiratory, circulatory, neoplastic, and all others - in four countries. In particular, the hypothesis that most non-respiratory concurrent deaths are miscoded respiratory deaths and that a large proportion of the winter mortality currently attributed to circulatory disorders should…
Relation between high temperature and mortality
Medicine (22 works) · Family medicine (11 works) · Environmental health (9 works) · Population (9 works) · Pediatrics (7 works) · Pediatrics (7 works) · Psychiatry (7 works) · Demography (5 works) · Nursing (5 works) · Health care (4 works)