Martin O Jeffries
Biographic Data
| ID | 5591863 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Martin O Jeffries |
| GIVEN NAMES | Martin |
| FAMILY NAME | O Jeffries |
| SIGNATURE | JEFFRIES M O |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Alaska Fairbanks |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 17 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 6 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 17 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1982 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2010 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Frozen Oceans
Drift Station
Ice-shelf collapse, climate change, and habitat loss in the Canadian high Arctic
Early explorers in the Canadian high Arctic described a fringe of thick, landfast ice along the 500-km northern coast of Ellesmere Island. This article shows from analyses of historical records, aerial photographs, and satellite imagery (ERS-1, SPOT, RADARSAT-1) that this ancient ice feature (‘Ellesmere Ice Shelf’) underwent a 90% reduction in area during the course of the twentieth century. In addition, hydrographic profiles in Disraeli Fiord (8…
Bathymetric Mapping of Shallow Water in Thaw Lakes on the North Slope of Alaska with Spaceborne Imaging Radar
Few bathymetric maps are available for the thousands of thaw lakes on the North Slope of Alaska. We describe a semiautomated procedure for bathymetric mapping of water up to 2 m deep (i.e., less deep than the maximum ice thickness) in these lakes. A sequence of ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and a simulated ice growth curve for winter 1991-92 are used to derive a digital elevation model of lake basins. The method is based on discrimi…
Arctic summer sea-ice SAR signatures, melt-season characteristics, and melt-pond fractions
Variations in multiyear sea-ice backscatter from the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) aboard the ERS-1 satellite are interpreted in terms of melt-season characteristics (onset of melt in spring and of freeze-up in autumn, and the duration of the snow-decay period, the melt season, and the melt-pond season) from late winter to early autumn 1992 in two regions of the Arctic Ocean: the northeastern Beaufort Sea adjacent to the Queen Elizabeth Islands …
A Method To Determine Lake Depth and Water Availability on the North Slope of Alaska with Spaceborne Imaging Radar and Numerical Ice Growth Modelling
Spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and numerical ice growth modelling were used to determine maximum water depth and water availability in two areas of the North Slope in northwestern Alaska. SAR images obtained between September 1991 and May 1992 were used to identify when and how many lakes froze completely to the bottom, and how many lakes did not freeze completely to the bottom. At Barrow, on the coast, 60% of the lakes froze co…
Ice processes and growth history on Arctic and sub-Arctic lakes using ERS-1 SAR data
A survey of ice growth and decay processes on a selection of shallow and deep sub-Arctic and Arctic lakes was conducted using radiometrically calibrated ERS-1 SAR images. Time series of radar backscatter data were compiled for selected sites on the lakes during the period of ice cover (September to June) for the years 1991–92 and 1992–93. A variety of lake-ice processes could be observed, and significant changes in backscatter occurred from the t…
The Crystal Desert
The drift of ice islands from the Arctic Ocean into the channels of the Canadian Arctic archipelago
The drift of Hobson's Choice Ice Island from the Arctic Ocean into the channels of the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Northwest Territories, Canadian Arctic, between February 1988 and August 1992, was monitored by a Système Argos satellite-positioning buoy. During the period August 1991 to May 1992, the ice island was imaged by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) aboard the ERS-1 satellite. The buoy data show that Hobson's Choice entered Peary Channel (betw…
Harold Victor Serson (1926-1992)
Harold first went to the Arctic in 1944 as a Hudson's Bay Company seaman aboard the Nascopie. Thus began a lifelong association with the Arctic. In 1945 he joined the Department of Transport as a radiosonde technician. In 1947 he transferred to the Defence Research Board (DRB) Radio Propagation Laboratory and was one of the first people to winter-over at the newly established joint Canada-U.S.A. weather station at Resolute Bay. Subsequently, he b…
The source and calving of ice island Arlis-II
On the basis of existing data on the dimensions, shape, surficial geology, and glaciological structure of ice island ARLIS-II, used in combination with aerial photographs of northernmost Ellesmere Island taken in 1950 and 1959, the source of the ice island is positively identified as the Alfred Ernest Ice Shelf. The duration of the recent drift of ‘Hobson's Choice’ ice island from the vicinity of the Alfred Ernest Ice Shelf to northern Ellef Ring…
First Landsat multi-spectral scanner images of the Canadian Arctic north of 80°N
Landsat images of northern Axel Heiberg Island and northern Ellesmere Island, including part of the Ellesmere Island National Park Reserve in the Canadian high Arctic, are presented. These are believed to be the first Landsat images ever to be obtained of this region, which is north of latitude 80°N and once thought to be beyond the meaningful imaging range of Landsat. A general description of glaciological phenomena in the almost cloud-free imag…
The growth, structure and disintegration of Arctic ice shelves
The north coast of Ellesmere Island is the location of the only known ice shelves in the northern hemisphere. Present Arctic ice shelves are as much as 40–50 m thick and occupy sheltered fiords and embayments. These thick floating ice masses are remnants of the once-extensive Ellesmere Ice Shelf that has disintegrated since 1876–1906, when Aldrich and Peary respectively travelled along the coast. Reasons for the disintegration are not clear, but …
Ice Island Calvings and Ice Shelf Changes, Milne Ice Shelf and Ayles Ice Shelf, Ellesmere Island, N.W.T
Analysis of vertical air photographs taken in 1959 and 1974 reveals that a total of 48 sq km, involving 3.3 cubic km, of ice calved from Milne and Ayles ice shelves between July 1959 and July 1974. In addition, Ayles Ice Shelf moved to about 5 km out of Ayles Fiord. It still occupied this exposed position in July 1984. The ice losses and movements have allowed the growth of thick sea ice that has developed an undulating topography similar to but …
Ice Shelf Studies off Northern Ellesmere Island, Spring 1983
In spring 1983 work on the ice shelves of northern Ellesmere Island was continued. A total of 55 m of 7.6 cm diameter ice core was obtained from 10 locations. The longest core of 31.79 m is composed of ice-firn and basement ice and can be divided into three distinct strata according to ice salinity. Oscillating strains in Ward Hunt Ice Shelf were measured with a wire strainmeter. It is suggested that the periodic calving of ice from Ward Hunt Ice…
Recent Changes at the Front of Ward Hunt Ice Shelf, Ellesmere Island, N.W.T
It has been known for some time that the ice shelves of northern Ellesmere Island are the primary source of ice islands. The last major ice island calving occurred at the front of Ward Hunt Ice Shelf (WHIS) between August 1961 and April 1962 (Hattersley-Smith, 1963). Other important, but previously undocumented, changes to Milne and Ayles Ice shelves have recently been noted. During field investigations in spring 1982 and 1983 further changes wer…
The Ward Hunt Ice Shelf, Spring 1982
In order to improve the understanding of arctic ice shelf evolution, ice coring and water sampling were undertaken and observations made on the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf and surrounding area during spring 1982. A total of 74 m of 7.6 cm diameter ice core was obtained from seven locations including Ward Hunt Ice Shelf, Ayles Fiord and Milne Ice Shelf. Water sampling of Lake 'A' and Disraeli Fiord indicated that these water bodies remain stratified. Obse…
The growth, structure and disintegration of Arctic ice shelves
The north coast of Ellesmere Island is the location of the only known ice shelves in the northern hemisphere. Present Arctic ice shelves are as much as 40–50 m thick and occupy sheltered fiords and embayments. These thick floating ice masses are remnants of the once-extensive Ellesmere Ice Shelf that has disintegrated since 1876–1906, when Aldrich and Peary respectively travelled along the coast. Reasons for the disintegration are not clear, but …
Ice-shelf collapse, climate change, and habitat loss in the Canadian high Arctic
Early explorers in the Canadian high Arctic described a fringe of thick, landfast ice along the 500-km northern coast of Ellesmere Island. This article shows from analyses of historical records, aerial photographs, and satellite imagery (ERS-1, SPOT, RADARSAT-1) that this ancient ice feature (‘Ellesmere Ice Shelf’) underwent a 90% reduction in area during the course of the twentieth century. In addition, hydrographic profiles in Disraeli Fiord (8…
The Ward Hunt Ice Shelf, Spring 1982
In order to improve the understanding of arctic ice shelf evolution, ice coring and water sampling were undertaken and observations made on the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf and surrounding area during spring 1982. A total of 74 m of 7.6 cm diameter ice core was obtained from seven locations including Ward Hunt Ice Shelf, Ayles Fiord and Milne Ice Shelf. Water sampling of Lake 'A' and Disraeli Fiord indicated that these water bodies remain stratified. Obse…
Recent Changes at the Front of Ward Hunt Ice Shelf, Ellesmere Island, N.W.T
It has been known for some time that the ice shelves of northern Ellesmere Island are the primary source of ice islands. The last major ice island calving occurred at the front of Ward Hunt Ice Shelf (WHIS) between August 1961 and April 1962 (Hattersley-Smith, 1963). Other important, but previously undocumented, changes to Milne and Ayles Ice shelves have recently been noted. During field investigations in spring 1982 and 1983 further changes wer…
Ice Shelf Studies off Northern Ellesmere Island, Spring 1983
In spring 1983 work on the ice shelves of northern Ellesmere Island was continued. A total of 55 m of 7.6 cm diameter ice core was obtained from 10 locations. The longest core of 31.79 m is composed of ice-firn and basement ice and can be divided into three distinct strata according to ice salinity. Oscillating strains in Ward Hunt Ice Shelf were measured with a wire strainmeter. It is suggested that the periodic calving of ice from Ward Hunt Ice…
Ice Island Calvings and Ice Shelf Changes, Milne Ice Shelf and Ayles Ice Shelf, Ellesmere Island, N.W.T
Analysis of vertical air photographs taken in 1959 and 1974 reveals that a total of 48 sq km, involving 3.3 cubic km, of ice calved from Milne and Ayles ice shelves between July 1959 and July 1974. In addition, Ayles Ice Shelf moved to about 5 km out of Ayles Fiord. It still occupied this exposed position in July 1984. The ice losses and movements have allowed the growth of thick sea ice that has developed an undulating topography similar to but …
The growth, structure and disintegration of Arctic ice shelves
The north coast of Ellesmere Island is the location of the only known ice shelves in the northern hemisphere. Present Arctic ice shelves are as much as 40–50 m thick and occupy sheltered fiords and embayments. These thick floating ice masses are remnants of the once-extensive Ellesmere Ice Shelf that has disintegrated since 1876–1906, when Aldrich and Peary respectively travelled along the coast. Reasons for the disintegration are not clear, but …
Harold Victor Serson (1926-1992)
Harold first went to the Arctic in 1944 as a Hudson's Bay Company seaman aboard the Nascopie. Thus began a lifelong association with the Arctic. In 1945 he joined the Department of Transport as a radiosonde technician. In 1947 he transferred to the Defence Research Board (DRB) Radio Propagation Laboratory and was one of the first people to winter-over at the newly established joint Canada-U.S.A. weather station at Resolute Bay. Subsequently, he b…
The source and calving of ice island Arlis-II
On the basis of existing data on the dimensions, shape, surficial geology, and glaciological structure of ice island ARLIS-II, used in combination with aerial photographs of northernmost Ellesmere Island taken in 1950 and 1959, the source of the ice island is positively identified as the Alfred Ernest Ice Shelf. The duration of the recent drift of ‘Hobson's Choice’ ice island from the vicinity of the Alfred Ernest Ice Shelf to northern Ellef Ring…
First Landsat multi-spectral scanner images of the Canadian Arctic north of 80°N
Landsat images of northern Axel Heiberg Island and northern Ellesmere Island, including part of the Ellesmere Island National Park Reserve in the Canadian high Arctic, are presented. These are believed to be the first Landsat images ever to be obtained of this region, which is north of latitude 80°N and once thought to be beyond the meaningful imaging range of Landsat. A general description of glaciological phenomena in the almost cloud-free imag…
The drift of ice islands from the Arctic Ocean into the channels of the Canadian Arctic archipelago
The drift of Hobson's Choice Ice Island from the Arctic Ocean into the channels of the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Northwest Territories, Canadian Arctic, between February 1988 and August 1992, was monitored by a Système Argos satellite-positioning buoy. During the period August 1991 to May 1992, the ice island was imaged by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) aboard the ERS-1 satellite. The buoy data show that Hobson's Choice entered Peary Channel (betw…
The Crystal Desert
Ice processes and growth history on Arctic and sub-Arctic lakes using ERS-1 SAR data
A survey of ice growth and decay processes on a selection of shallow and deep sub-Arctic and Arctic lakes was conducted using radiometrically calibrated ERS-1 SAR images. Time series of radar backscatter data were compiled for selected sites on the lakes during the period of ice cover (September to June) for the years 1991–92 and 1992–93. A variety of lake-ice processes could be observed, and significant changes in backscatter occurred from the t…
A Method To Determine Lake Depth and Water Availability on the North Slope of Alaska with Spaceborne Imaging Radar and Numerical Ice Growth Modelling
Spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and numerical ice growth modelling were used to determine maximum water depth and water availability in two areas of the North Slope in northwestern Alaska. SAR images obtained between September 1991 and May 1992 were used to identify when and how many lakes froze completely to the bottom, and how many lakes did not freeze completely to the bottom. At Barrow, on the coast, 60% of the lakes froze co…
Arctic summer sea-ice SAR signatures, melt-season characteristics, and melt-pond fractions
Variations in multiyear sea-ice backscatter from the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) aboard the ERS-1 satellite are interpreted in terms of melt-season characteristics (onset of melt in spring and of freeze-up in autumn, and the duration of the snow-decay period, the melt season, and the melt-pond season) from late winter to early autumn 1992 in two regions of the Arctic Ocean: the northeastern Beaufort Sea adjacent to the Queen Elizabeth Islands …
Bathymetric Mapping of Shallow Water in Thaw Lakes on the North Slope of Alaska with Spaceborne Imaging Radar
Few bathymetric maps are available for the thousands of thaw lakes on the North Slope of Alaska. We describe a semiautomated procedure for bathymetric mapping of water up to 2 m deep (i.e., less deep than the maximum ice thickness) in these lakes. A sequence of ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and a simulated ice growth curve for winter 1991-92 are used to derive a digital elevation model of lake basins. The method is based on discrimi…
Ice-shelf collapse, climate change, and habitat loss in the Canadian high Arctic
Early explorers in the Canadian high Arctic described a fringe of thick, landfast ice along the 500-km northern coast of Ellesmere Island. This article shows from analyses of historical records, aerial photographs, and satellite imagery (ERS-1, SPOT, RADARSAT-1) that this ancient ice feature (‘Ellesmere Ice Shelf’) underwent a 90% reduction in area during the course of the twentieth century. In addition, hydrographic profiles in Disraeli Fiord (8…
Drift Station
Frozen Oceans
Geology (17 works) · Geology (17 works) · Oceanography (17 works) · Oceanography (17 works) · Cryospheric studies and observations (12 works) · Sea ice (12 works) · Arctic ice pack (10 works) · Geography (10 works) · Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics (9 works) · Climate change and permafrost (9 works)