Karl Otto Münnich
Biographic Data
| ID | 5597355 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Karl Otto Münnich |
| GIVEN NAMES | Karl Otto |
| FAMILY NAME | Münnich |
| SIGNATURE | MÜNNICH K O |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 7 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 115 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 7 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1980 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1989 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Fast 14C Sample Preparation of Organic Material
A fast 14 C sample preparation technique for organic material in conventional 14 C counting is described. The basic difference from conventional preparation is oxidation of the organic substances in a closed system under an oxygen pressure of ca 10 bars. After the explosion-like combustion, the reaction products SO 2 and NO 2 are oxidized immediately to SO 4 2- and NO 3 − and precipitated on the wall of the reaction vessel. The residual gas mixtu…
Interdisciplinary Physics: Research Topics in Studying Man's Environment
The interdisciplinary study of the environment using tracer elements is here described for three examples: The climate of the past, the gas exchange between atmosphere and ocean and the natural carbon cycle. In the first, the isotope ratios of hydrogen and of oxygen in ocean sediments, groundwater, polar ice and in tree rings was found to give much useful information. In the study of gas exchange which is controlled by a thin molecular diffusion …
Radiocarbon Calibration Data for the 6th to the 8th Millennia BC
14 C calibration curves derived from South German oak tree-ring series are presented. They cover the interval between 4400 and 7200 BC complementing existing data sets and extending them to older periods. The atmospheric 14 C level before 6200 BC no longer follows the long-term sinusoidal trend fitted to the bristlecone data. This observation is supported by a tentative match of the Main 9 series
Years of Tropospheric 14 C Observations in Central Europe
A long-term mountain station series of tropospheric 14 C data for the period 1959 to 1984 is presented. This series is considered representative of the higher altitude 14 C level over central Europe. Even tree-ring 14 C levels from a rural ground level site in southern Germany are consistently lower (by Δ 14 C depression = −15‰ if compared with the mountain station summer average in atmospheric CO 2 ). The rural tree-ring series is considered to …
Anthropogenic 14 C Variations
Continuous 14 C data of 1 or 2 weekly samples of atmospheric CO 2 are presented, collected near two nuclear power plants (NPP-Biblis and NPP-Philippsburg) located in the rather densely populated upper Rhine valley. Tree-leaf and tree-ring samples from the area of a boiling water reactor in northern Germany (NPP-Würgassen) are also presented and discussed. Additional atmospheric 14 CO 2 samples from two continental ‘clean-air’ stations in Germany …
Carbon-14 and Carbon-13 in Soil Co 2
Carbon isotope measurements in soil CO 2 are presented and discussed. Soil CO 2 concentration and 13 C profiles were measured using a new technique. A simple model describing the CO 2 transport from the soil to the atmosphere is derived. The finding that CO 2 in the soil is richer in 13 C than the CO 2 leaving the soil is attributed to isotopic fractionation in molecular diffusion
A Multi-Counter System for High Precision Carbon-14 Measurements
A new 14 C detector system containing nine, independently working, CO 2 proportional counters is described. The system is designed for a sufficient measuring capacity at a precision level better than σ = ± 2‰, which requires a counting time of about one week per sample. The size of the installation requires a simple and economic design of counters and electronics. A single anticoincidence shield for all counters consists of five newly developed f…
Years of Tropospheric 14 C Observations in Central Europe
A long-term mountain station series of tropospheric 14 C data for the period 1959 to 1984 is presented. This series is considered representative of the higher altitude 14 C level over central Europe. Even tree-ring 14 C levels from a rural ground level site in southern Germany are consistently lower (by Δ 14 C depression = −15‰ if compared with the mountain station summer average in atmospheric CO 2 ). The rural tree-ring series is considered to …
Radiocarbon Calibration Data for the 6th to the 8th Millennia BC
14 C calibration curves derived from South German oak tree-ring series are presented. They cover the interval between 4400 and 7200 BC complementing existing data sets and extending them to older periods. The atmospheric 14 C level before 6200 BC no longer follows the long-term sinusoidal trend fitted to the bristlecone data. This observation is supported by a tentative match of the Main 9 series
A Multi-Counter System for High Precision Carbon-14 Measurements
A new 14 C detector system containing nine, independently working, CO 2 proportional counters is described. The system is designed for a sufficient measuring capacity at a precision level better than σ = ± 2‰, which requires a counting time of about one week per sample. The size of the installation requires a simple and economic design of counters and electronics. A single anticoincidence shield for all counters consists of five newly developed f…
Carbon-14 and Carbon-13 in Soil Co 2
Carbon isotope measurements in soil CO 2 are presented and discussed. Soil CO 2 concentration and 13 C profiles were measured using a new technique. A simple model describing the CO 2 transport from the soil to the atmosphere is derived. The finding that CO 2 in the soil is richer in 13 C than the CO 2 leaving the soil is attributed to isotopic fractionation in molecular diffusion
Anthropogenic 14 C Variations
Continuous 14 C data of 1 or 2 weekly samples of atmospheric CO 2 are presented, collected near two nuclear power plants (NPP-Biblis and NPP-Philippsburg) located in the rather densely populated upper Rhine valley. Tree-leaf and tree-ring samples from the area of a boiling water reactor in northern Germany (NPP-Würgassen) are also presented and discussed. Additional atmospheric 14 CO 2 samples from two continental ‘clean-air’ stations in Germany …
Fast 14C Sample Preparation of Organic Material
A fast 14 C sample preparation technique for organic material in conventional 14 C counting is described. The basic difference from conventional preparation is oxidation of the organic substances in a closed system under an oxygen pressure of ca 10 bars. After the explosion-like combustion, the reaction products SO 2 and NO 2 are oxidized immediately to SO 4 2- and NO 3 − and precipitated on the wall of the reaction vessel. The residual gas mixtu…
Carbon-14 and Carbon-13 in Soil Co 2
Carbon isotope measurements in soil CO 2 are presented and discussed. Soil CO 2 concentration and 13 C profiles were measured using a new technique. A simple model describing the CO 2 transport from the soil to the atmosphere is derived. The finding that CO 2 in the soil is richer in 13 C than the CO 2 leaving the soil is attributed to isotopic fractionation in molecular diffusion
A Multi-Counter System for High Precision Carbon-14 Measurements
A new 14 C detector system containing nine, independently working, CO 2 proportional counters is described. The system is designed for a sufficient measuring capacity at a precision level better than σ = ± 2‰, which requires a counting time of about one week per sample. The size of the installation requires a simple and economic design of counters and electronics. A single anticoincidence shield for all counters consists of five newly developed f…
Anthropogenic 14 C Variations
Continuous 14 C data of 1 or 2 weekly samples of atmospheric CO 2 are presented, collected near two nuclear power plants (NPP-Biblis and NPP-Philippsburg) located in the rather densely populated upper Rhine valley. Tree-leaf and tree-ring samples from the area of a boiling water reactor in northern Germany (NPP-Würgassen) are also presented and discussed. Additional atmospheric 14 CO 2 samples from two continental ‘clean-air’ stations in Germany …
Years of Tropospheric 14 C Observations in Central Europe
A long-term mountain station series of tropospheric 14 C data for the period 1959 to 1984 is presented. This series is considered representative of the higher altitude 14 C level over central Europe. Even tree-ring 14 C levels from a rural ground level site in southern Germany are consistently lower (by Δ 14 C depression = −15‰ if compared with the mountain station summer average in atmospheric CO 2 ). The rural tree-ring series is considered to …
Interdisciplinary Physics: Research Topics in Studying Man's Environment
The interdisciplinary study of the environment using tracer elements is here described for three examples: The climate of the past, the gas exchange between atmosphere and ocean and the natural carbon cycle. In the first, the isotope ratios of hydrogen and of oxygen in ocean sediments, groundwater, polar ice and in tree rings was found to give much useful information. In the study of gas exchange which is controlled by a thin molecular diffusion …
Radiocarbon Calibration Data for the 6th to the 8th Millennia BC
14 C calibration curves derived from South German oak tree-ring series are presented. They cover the interval between 4400 and 7200 BC complementing existing data sets and extending them to older periods. The atmospheric 14 C level before 6200 BC no longer follows the long-term sinusoidal trend fitted to the bristlecone data. This observation is supported by a tentative match of the Main 9 series
Fast 14C Sample Preparation of Organic Material
A fast 14 C sample preparation technique for organic material in conventional 14 C counting is described. The basic difference from conventional preparation is oxidation of the organic substances in a closed system under an oxygen pressure of ca 10 bars. After the explosion-like combustion, the reaction products SO 2 and NO 2 are oxidized immediately to SO 4 2- and NO 3 − and precipitated on the wall of the reaction vessel. The residual gas mixtu…
Chemistry (5 works) · Environmental Science (5 works) · Geology (5 works) · Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics (4 works) · Atmospheric sciences (3 works) · Environmental Chemistry (3 works) · Geography (3 works) · Materials Science (3 works) · Physical geography (3 works) · Radiocarbon dating (3 works)