K O Münnich
Biographic Data
| ID | 5597554 |
|---|---|
| NAME | K O Münnich |
| GIVEN NAMES | K |
| FAMILY NAME | O Münnich |
| SIGNATURE | MÜNNICH K O |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 9 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 121 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 9 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1980 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1989 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
The Continental European Suess Effect
Observations of 14 C in atmospheric CO 2 at four different sites in central Europe, Heidelberg, Westerland, Schauinsland and Jungfraujoch have enabled us to determine individual fossil-fuel contributions to atmospheric CO 2 concentration. The data clearly show a decrease of fossil-fuel CO 2 with distance from anthropogenic source regions. At Heidelberg during winter we observe 14 C/ 12 C ratios up to 10% lower than at the clean air mountain stati…
C Profiles in the Central Weddell Sea
14 C data from stations in the central Weddell Sea are presented and discussed using additional parameters (potential temperature, salinity and 3 He). The low 14 C concentrations of the surface water (≈-90‰) are explained by suppressed gas exchange due to ice cover during the winter and rapid turnover of the surface layer caused by entrainment of Warm Deep Water (WDW) with low 14 C concentrations. A simple time-dependent balance calculated for th…
Downward Movement of Soil Organic Matter and Its Influence on Trace-Element Transport (210Pb, 137Cs) in the Soil
Data on depth distribution and 14 C content of soil organic carbon, and on soil CO 2 production in forest ecosystems are presented and discussed. Downward movement and turnover of soil organic matter is estimated from a box chain model. The downward transfer velocity of soil organic material depends on the litter material composition and on the annual rate of microbial decomposition. Depth distribution of 210 Pb and 137 Cs was measured. The ident…
Measurement of Small Volume Oceanic 14 C Samples by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
A technique for 14 C measurement of small volume (0.5L) oceanic water samples by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is described. Samples were taken from a CTD/rosette system used for standard hydrographic work. After CO 2 extraction and target preparation, the samples were measured at the Zürich tandem accelerator facility. On the basis of 14 C data from samples collected on a station in the northern Weddell Sea, the precision of the measuremen…
Annual Variations of the 14 C Content of Soil CO 2
A 6-year and a 2-year record of 14 C measurements of soil CO 2 in two soils are presented and discussed. The annual 14 C variation of soil CO 2 is controlled by the seasonally varying contribution of root respiration and of microbial decomposition of organic matter producing soil CO 2 . The Δ 14 C soil CO 2 difference between summer and winter is ca 50‰ in a soil where turnover of organic matter is fast (τ = 2.5a) and ca 100‰ in a soil of slow tu…
Paleoclimatic Evidence in Apparent 14 C Ages of Saharian Groundwaters
Frequency distributions of more than 300 14 C groundwater ages from various regions in northern and southern Sahara reflect the alternating sequence of humid and arid periods in the Sahara during the Holocene and late Pleistocene. A broad frequency maximum between 20,000 and 50,000 years bp indicates a long humid period. During this time span, the northern Sahara received rain from the Western Drift, which is concluded from a west-east decrease o…
Natural Radiocarbon Variations from AD 200 to 800
High precision radiocarbon measurements (±2.5‰ STD) were carried out on absolutely dated European oak material. These showed that significant short-term atmospheric 14 C variations of up to 2 percent occurred between AD 200 and 800. These changes, reflecting a 150-to 180-year periodicity, seem to correlate with the average sunspot activity around that time. In comparison with results obtained by other authors, a very regular pattern of natural at…
The Effect of Anthropogenic CO 2 and 14 C Sources on the Distribution of 14 C in the Atmosphere
14 C measurements on continuous weekly samples of atmospheric CO 2 and hydrocarbons, collected in a rather densely populated area are presented. The deviation of the measured 14 C data from the clean air level is primarily due to CO 2 from the combustion of fossil fuels. This is confirmed by fossil fuel admixture estimates individually calculated with an atmospheric dispersion model. Up to 10 percent admixture is predicted by this model and obser…
Regional Sources of Volcanic Carbon Dioxide and Their Influence on 14 C Content of Present-Day Plant Material
14 C measurements were made on present-day plant material with short integration times (tree leaves and sprouts) in the Eifel area, western Germany, where ancient volcanism produces gaseous emanations of considerable yield. Plants growing near sources emanating 14 C-free CO 2 show a significant depletion in the period of their growth. The same effect is found in the 14 C content of recent samples from the Thera (Santorini) Archipelago/Greece. Thi…
The Effect of Anthropogenic CO 2 and 14 C Sources on the Distribution of 14 C in the Atmosphere
14 C measurements on continuous weekly samples of atmospheric CO 2 and hydrocarbons, collected in a rather densely populated area are presented. The deviation of the measured 14 C data from the clean air level is primarily due to CO 2 from the combustion of fossil fuels. This is confirmed by fossil fuel admixture estimates individually calculated with an atmospheric dispersion model. Up to 10 percent admixture is predicted by this model and obser…
Regional Sources of Volcanic Carbon Dioxide and Their Influence on 14 C Content of Present-Day Plant Material
14 C measurements were made on present-day plant material with short integration times (tree leaves and sprouts) in the Eifel area, western Germany, where ancient volcanism produces gaseous emanations of considerable yield. Plants growing near sources emanating 14 C-free CO 2 show a significant depletion in the period of their growth. The same effect is found in the 14 C content of recent samples from the Thera (Santorini) Archipelago/Greece. Thi…
The Continental European Suess Effect
Observations of 14 C in atmospheric CO 2 at four different sites in central Europe, Heidelberg, Westerland, Schauinsland and Jungfraujoch have enabled us to determine individual fossil-fuel contributions to atmospheric CO 2 concentration. The data clearly show a decrease of fossil-fuel CO 2 with distance from anthropogenic source regions. At Heidelberg during winter we observe 14 C/ 12 C ratios up to 10% lower than at the clean air mountain stati…
Annual Variations of the 14 C Content of Soil CO 2
A 6-year and a 2-year record of 14 C measurements of soil CO 2 in two soils are presented and discussed. The annual 14 C variation of soil CO 2 is controlled by the seasonally varying contribution of root respiration and of microbial decomposition of organic matter producing soil CO 2 . The Δ 14 C soil CO 2 difference between summer and winter is ca 50‰ in a soil where turnover of organic matter is fast (τ = 2.5a) and ca 100‰ in a soil of slow tu…
Natural Radiocarbon Variations from AD 200 to 800
High precision radiocarbon measurements (±2.5‰ STD) were carried out on absolutely dated European oak material. These showed that significant short-term atmospheric 14 C variations of up to 2 percent occurred between AD 200 and 800. These changes, reflecting a 150-to 180-year periodicity, seem to correlate with the average sunspot activity around that time. In comparison with results obtained by other authors, a very regular pattern of natural at…
Downward Movement of Soil Organic Matter and Its Influence on Trace-Element Transport (210Pb, 137Cs) in the Soil
Data on depth distribution and 14 C content of soil organic carbon, and on soil CO 2 production in forest ecosystems are presented and discussed. Downward movement and turnover of soil organic matter is estimated from a box chain model. The downward transfer velocity of soil organic material depends on the litter material composition and on the annual rate of microbial decomposition. Depth distribution of 210 Pb and 137 Cs was measured. The ident…
Measurement of Small Volume Oceanic 14 C Samples by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
A technique for 14 C measurement of small volume (0.5L) oceanic water samples by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is described. Samples were taken from a CTD/rosette system used for standard hydrographic work. After CO 2 extraction and target preparation, the samples were measured at the Zürich tandem accelerator facility. On the basis of 14 C data from samples collected on a station in the northern Weddell Sea, the precision of the measuremen…
Paleoclimatic Evidence in Apparent 14 C Ages of Saharian Groundwaters
Frequency distributions of more than 300 14 C groundwater ages from various regions in northern and southern Sahara reflect the alternating sequence of humid and arid periods in the Sahara during the Holocene and late Pleistocene. A broad frequency maximum between 20,000 and 50,000 years bp indicates a long humid period. During this time span, the northern Sahara received rain from the Western Drift, which is concluded from a west-east decrease o…
C Profiles in the Central Weddell Sea
14 C data from stations in the central Weddell Sea are presented and discussed using additional parameters (potential temperature, salinity and 3 He). The low 14 C concentrations of the surface water (≈-90‰) are explained by suppressed gas exchange due to ice cover during the winter and rapid turnover of the surface layer caused by entrainment of Warm Deep Water (WDW) with low 14 C concentrations. A simple time-dependent balance calculated for th…
Paleoclimatic Evidence in Apparent 14 C Ages of Saharian Groundwaters
Frequency distributions of more than 300 14 C groundwater ages from various regions in northern and southern Sahara reflect the alternating sequence of humid and arid periods in the Sahara during the Holocene and late Pleistocene. A broad frequency maximum between 20,000 and 50,000 years bp indicates a long humid period. During this time span, the northern Sahara received rain from the Western Drift, which is concluded from a west-east decrease o…
Natural Radiocarbon Variations from AD 200 to 800
High precision radiocarbon measurements (±2.5‰ STD) were carried out on absolutely dated European oak material. These showed that significant short-term atmospheric 14 C variations of up to 2 percent occurred between AD 200 and 800. These changes, reflecting a 150-to 180-year periodicity, seem to correlate with the average sunspot activity around that time. In comparison with results obtained by other authors, a very regular pattern of natural at…
The Effect of Anthropogenic CO 2 and 14 C Sources on the Distribution of 14 C in the Atmosphere
14 C measurements on continuous weekly samples of atmospheric CO 2 and hydrocarbons, collected in a rather densely populated area are presented. The deviation of the measured 14 C data from the clean air level is primarily due to CO 2 from the combustion of fossil fuels. This is confirmed by fossil fuel admixture estimates individually calculated with an atmospheric dispersion model. Up to 10 percent admixture is predicted by this model and obser…
Regional Sources of Volcanic Carbon Dioxide and Their Influence on 14 C Content of Present-Day Plant Material
14 C measurements were made on present-day plant material with short integration times (tree leaves and sprouts) in the Eifel area, western Germany, where ancient volcanism produces gaseous emanations of considerable yield. Plants growing near sources emanating 14 C-free CO 2 show a significant depletion in the period of their growth. The same effect is found in the 14 C content of recent samples from the Thera (Santorini) Archipelago/Greece. Thi…
Annual Variations of the 14 C Content of Soil CO 2
A 6-year and a 2-year record of 14 C measurements of soil CO 2 in two soils are presented and discussed. The annual 14 C variation of soil CO 2 is controlled by the seasonally varying contribution of root respiration and of microbial decomposition of organic matter producing soil CO 2 . The Δ 14 C soil CO 2 difference between summer and winter is ca 50‰ in a soil where turnover of organic matter is fast (τ = 2.5a) and ca 100‰ in a soil of slow tu…
Measurement of Small Volume Oceanic 14 C Samples by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
A technique for 14 C measurement of small volume (0.5L) oceanic water samples by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is described. Samples were taken from a CTD/rosette system used for standard hydrographic work. After CO 2 extraction and target preparation, the samples were measured at the Zürich tandem accelerator facility. On the basis of 14 C data from samples collected on a station in the northern Weddell Sea, the precision of the measuremen…
The Continental European Suess Effect
Observations of 14 C in atmospheric CO 2 at four different sites in central Europe, Heidelberg, Westerland, Schauinsland and Jungfraujoch have enabled us to determine individual fossil-fuel contributions to atmospheric CO 2 concentration. The data clearly show a decrease of fossil-fuel CO 2 with distance from anthropogenic source regions. At Heidelberg during winter we observe 14 C/ 12 C ratios up to 10% lower than at the clean air mountain stati…
C Profiles in the Central Weddell Sea
14 C data from stations in the central Weddell Sea are presented and discussed using additional parameters (potential temperature, salinity and 3 He). The low 14 C concentrations of the surface water (≈-90‰) are explained by suppressed gas exchange due to ice cover during the winter and rapid turnover of the surface layer caused by entrainment of Warm Deep Water (WDW) with low 14 C concentrations. A simple time-dependent balance calculated for th…
Downward Movement of Soil Organic Matter and Its Influence on Trace-Element Transport (210Pb, 137Cs) in the Soil
Data on depth distribution and 14 C content of soil organic carbon, and on soil CO 2 production in forest ecosystems are presented and discussed. Downward movement and turnover of soil organic matter is estimated from a box chain model. The downward transfer velocity of soil organic material depends on the litter material composition and on the annual rate of microbial decomposition. Depth distribution of 210 Pb and 137 Cs was measured. The ident…
Geology (8 works) · Chemistry (7 works) · Environmental Science (7 works) · Atmospheric sciences (4 works) · Environmental Chemistry (4 works) · Geology and Paleoclimatology Research (4 works) · Paleontology (4 works) · Radiocarbon dating (4 works) · Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics (3 works) · Geography (3 works)